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Essays on criminology theories
Essay on theories of criminology
Essays on criminology theories
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I can say this is a topic that could bring about many different opinions on what could be the most interesting theory. All the theories that I have read can come into play, depending on what the circumstance is. To me, I feel as though the most interesting theories would be: Classical Theory, Differential Association Theory, and Labeling theory. There is no way that I could just have left it as haveing one theory as my favorite or most interesting because once I saw one of these theories; I was able to pick out two more. The reason why this happened was the simple fact of knowing someone who reacts in a certain situation and I can compare their actions to one of these theories. Once this occurs, I would be able to know the reason of why people …show more content…
Sutherland states, Criminal behavior is the result of normal social processes, resulting when individuals associate with the wrong type of people, often by no fault on their part” (Sutherland, 2012). Reading information on this website showed that Boyz 'n the Hood would be a good example. According to the Differential Association theory website,” it states, “At the time he is gunned down, Ricky is just hours away from learning that his test scores have qualified him for college, while Darrin is clearly destined for life in the "hood." (Differential Association Theory, 2016). Ricky and Darrin, known as Doughboy, both played roles that exposed them to the real world. For example, there was a scene from the movie that showed where the boys ' mother related more towards Ricky. Basically, Ricky really wasn 't the type to engage in activities because he was trying to get out of the hood; On the other hand, all Darrin could do was mainly focus in on what was taking place in the hood. As you can see, there are times when someone would conform to rules, but there are others who wants to go against the rules and partake in doing criminal …show more content…
This theory seems to be the one to stand out more as my favorite theory. The reason I say this is because of the fact that it can be tied in with Rational Choice theory. According to the udemy blog, it says, “This theory suggests that people think before they proceed with criminal actions; that when one commits a crime, it is because the individual decided that it was advantageous to commit the crime. The individual commits the crime from his own free will being well aware of the punishment” (Tania, 2014). I can relate to this theory based from my brother. He placed himself into a situation where he could have been placed in jail. Once he was placed in handcuffs and stood in front of the police officers, my parents, and myself; under his free will, he had the option to get away from the trouble or continue to be with his so-called friends. My brother knew of the consequences behind committing this crime, but to his advantage; he made himself a part of the crime
Differential association theory was founded by Edwin H. Sutherland (Lilly, 2012, p. 43). This theory states that “any person will inevitably come into contact with definitions favorable to violation of the law and with definitions unfavorable to violation of the law” (Lilly, 2012, p. 44). Whichever definition is more prominent in a person’s mind, will lead to their decision of “whether the person embraces crime as an acceptable way of life” (Lilly, 2012, p. 44). Sutherland composed nine propositions that explained the theory. He explained that “crime is learned through the process of differential association” (Lilly, 2012, p. 45). The nine propositions explained that “criminal behavior is learned” (Lilly, 2012, p. 45). He explained that by communicating with others, especially those that are close to them they are more likely to pick up behaviors from those people. Differential association theory also explains that learning criminal behaviors “involves all the mechanisms that are involved in any other learning” (Lilly, 2012, p. 45). While learning a criminal behavior one not only learns “the techniques of committing the crime” but also the “specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes” involved with crime (Lilly, 2012, p. 45). This is theory is shown throughout the book when the young Mr. Moore was influenced by the life of crime that was present in his
Imagine an 11 year old boy being sent on a mission to kill, riding shotgun with a gun in his hands. Monster Kody Scott was initiated into one of the most notorious gangs in Los Angeles that night, the Crips. By the age of 16, he rose to power in his set the Eight Tray Gangsters. This began his life of crime. Kody spent many days locked away in juvenile halls. Eventually, this bred a stronger criminal and landed Kody a spot in prison. Shaw and McKay’s Theory of Juvenile Delinquency can further explain why Kody began living a criminal lifestyle. This theory focuses on several key aspects, one of which includes Burgess’s Concentric Zone Theory. This theory studies and explains the surrounding environments of Kody’s home. Another key factor of
The theory is based on the assumption that crime can be committed by anyone that has the opportunity. Let’s say that the family remains stuck in poverty as the brothers reach adulthood. One day, Jimmie Lee, the head drug dealer of the area, proposed the idea of having the boys deal drugs to earn more money. The brothers can be viewed as motivated offenders, given their prolonged financial hardship and limited means to make a brighter future for themselves. The boys have easy access to drug gangs, such as Jimmie Lee’s Conservative Vice Lords (p. 34), as well as many potential buyers living in the housing projects. Their criminal behavior is also enabled through the absence of guardianship. As Kotlowitz explains, “Residents so feared and respected the gang’s control that they refused to call 911” (p. 34). The police did know about Jimmie Lee’s criminal history and intent. However, this fear within the community, along with the lower social control that it brings, makes it easier for the Lafayette and Pharoah to commit criminal behavior such as this without getting
One direct quote from the film, Crips and Bloods: Made in America that Differential Association Theory can be used to explain is “I joined a gang not only for the protection but for the love for the unity, to be a part of
How to research or ideas fit in with the assigned reading. The study was able to illustrate the dynamics of Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory and Aker’s Social Learning Theory through the simple fact that the study focuses on social behaviors, particularly deviant behaviors that can be the result of society or interactions. These deviant behaviors are typically learned actions as a survival mechanism due to a deteriorating community. Allen and Lo constructed their study from Anderson’s (1999) study of black male behavior within poor neig...
The theory explains how people could be labeled a certain way which would follow them and encourage them to act within the confines of said label or be unable to be perceived as anything but that label. These apparent role models participated in deviant behavior almost equal to that of the Roughnecks and yet they went on to be remembered as good kids. They were allowed to act like delinquents but were never perceived as such because they maintained appearances (good grades, healthy interactions, and lots of participation). The Roughnecks on the other hand took no steps to help with their reputation (they skipped school, made their actions public and attracted a lot of negative attention) thus insuring their label. Regardless of each student’s involvement with certain activities they obtained their labels and kept them through
Sutherland’s theory that the conditions which are said to cause crime should be present when crime is present, and they should be absent when crime is absent. Sutherland identified that some types of crime are more dominant in minority communities, many individuals in those communities are law-abiding. Similarly, among the powerful and privileged, some are lawbreakers; some are not. His theory is intended to discriminate at the individual level between those who become lawbreakers and those who do not, whatever their race, class, or ethnic background (Adler, Mueller & Laufer, 2013, p. 124). This theory is depicted in the film, the two brothers, Darrin(Doughboy) and Ricky, are an example of how differential association theory can help to clarify why two boys in the same environments from a social structural perspective can still turn out very differently from a social process perspective. It was shown how Darrin only knew how to “gangbang”, unlike Ricky who got a scholarship for playing football really good and the family support of his mom to pursue it. An example of this is when Ricky opens up to his best friend " I want to be somebody" (Nicolaides & Singleton
Social psychology is a branch of the spectrum of psychology that primarily focuses on social interactions, environmental influences and the social experiences that weigh heavily on individuals cognitive schemas. The film “Boyz ‘N The Hood” is comprised of many contemporary influential African American actors, heavily influenced by the environment they are in and the violence surrounding them in their community. There are various aspects of the movie that portray social psychological concepts, such as social perception, attitude change, aggression and violence, and group dynamics. Social psychological issues such as proactive aggression, reactive aggression, desensitization, differential association theory, and deviance
...haviors he so wishes to comprehend are those whom he labels as The Cocaine Kids. Now that examples of these drug sellers’ behaviors have been provided, the criminological theories that can explain such behaviors have been made visible to the unseen eye. Criminological theories including the theory of Differential Association, the Subculture of Violence Theory, and the Social Learning Theory can be viewed as methods for developing a knowledgeable understanding of how and why such behaviors introduced individuals to the drug-selling world, kept them submerge deep within it, and allowed for them to leave it.
Differential association theory best explains the burglary deviance. There are many principles associated with this type of learning theory. Edwin Sutherland’s theory discusses how crime is a learned behavior where one’s family, peers, and environment are of great influence. Differential association theory seeks to prove that criminal behavior is learned and this paper will evaluate the connection between the two.
When the majority of the individuals in the society have a shared belief, it becomes a social bond. In the normal society, crime is viewed as destructive and immoral. In the society that he lived in, the members believed that by being tough, and joining a gang, one would be able to obtain greater power and a higher social status. Crime in the ghetto is justified by those in the society, because people believe it is the only thing they can do. This idea of justification is known as strain theory. Coolio implies in his song that the core values in his community is achieving a high status/class. It did not matter what the means were, and the only thing that mattered was that it could be
Rational Choice Theory - Rational choice theory, as defined by the textbook, is "A perspective on crime causation that holds that criminality is the result of conscious choice. Rational choice theory predicts that individuals will choose to commit crime when the benefits of doing so outweigh the costs of disobeying the law" (Schmalleger 76). It is an economic principle that assumes that individuals always make prudent and logical decisions that provide them with the greatest benefits or satisfaction and that are in their highest self-interest. It should also be noted that most mainstream economic assumptions and theories are based on rational choice theory. According to the lawdictionary.org, rational choice theory "attempts to explain social phenomenon in terms of how self-interested individuals make choices under the influence of their preferences. All parties try to maximize their advantage, and to minimize their disadvantages" (lawdictionary.org). An example of rational choice theory would be a person stealing money from a company that they work for, with the intent of having the benefit of getting rich at no cost. The person believes that he or she will not get caught, thus not having to pay any costs, making it a rational decision or choice in their
In this paper, I am going to going to examine the criminological theory of Differential Association theory by Edwin H. Sutherland. Also I am going to examine Kirk White from the film The Wild and Wonderful World of the Whites of West Virginia. Furthermore, I am going to apply Edwin H. Sutherland’s Differential Association theory to explain and understand the deviant actions of this character. I conclude that Differential association theory will explain why this character act in a deviant why.
One of the reasons young people join street gangs is because of neighborhood disadvantages. A theory that can contribute to why young people might join street gangs is Social Disorganization Theory. Social Disorganization theory assumes that “delinquency emerges in neighborhoods where neighborhood relation and social institutions have broken down and can no longer maintain effective social controls (Bell, 2007).” Social Disorganization contributes to residential instability and poverty, which affects interpersonal relationships within the community and opens opportunities for crimes to be committed. The break down of neighborhood relation and social institutions create a higher likely hood that young people will affiliate with deviant peers and get involved in gangs. When there is lack of social controls within a neighborhood the opportunity to commit deviance increases and the exposure to deviant groups such as street gangs increase. Which causes an increase in the chances of young people joining street gangs. If social controls are strong remain strong within a neighborhood and/or community the chances of young people committing crime and joining gangs decreases.
Mr. Bainbridge explains how Tittle and Welch, who both play a role in criminology and provide important information on deviance itself, believe that other theories better explain why people act deviant. These theories include the following: control theory, differential association theory, and cognitive dissonance theory (Bainbridge 1989, p.288). Control theory states that people act normal because that is what is rational in society, but if given the chance to act without consequence, people would commit deviance and crime. Differential association theory states that people learn values, experience, techniques, and drive for criminal and deviant acts from reciprocal action with others....