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Influence of ancient societies on modern medicines
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How is developing a civilization similar to developing a new medicine to cure a disease? They are similar in the way that they are both made up of “building blocks” and if put together well they are successful. Starting a civilization involves multiple steps. Developing a new medicine is a journey in which multiple actions need to be taken. Both civilizations and drug development have one thing in common, they both take very long to accomplish and there are many steps involved. In conclusion throughout this paper information supporting the similarities between drug development and starting a civilization will be given. Starting a civilization involves multiple steps. The first step in this process is finding a suitable place to live. A place …show more content…
Lastly, they need to have a system of communication in order to talk, write, and communicate with each other more effectively. Another thing about a civilization is scale/size. A civilization is a complex way of life that starts when people begin to develop networks of urban settlements.. When a civilization starts out it is at the Village/Town stage. At this level it is a small community inside of a larger city. Depending on the number of people who settle there, or the importance of the village overall, it could grow to become a kingdom. After becoming a kingdom, if it does grow larger, and more important, it could even become an empire. This concludes that building a civilization is a process that includes multiple steps. Developing a new medicine is a journey in which multiple actions need to be taken. The first step in order to develop a drug is to figure out the cause of the disease. This question is answered based on questions like these. How does a person get this disease? Which cells are affected? Is this disease caused by genetic …show more content…
After selecting which drug to use, a test drug needs to be made. This drug will go through extensive testing before being tested on humans and animals. If the drug being tested does not pose a safety threat, with permission from the FDA clinical trials may begin. A phase 1 clinical trial is tested on anywhere between 20-80 volunteers. The goals of phase 1 trials are to test the safety, tolerability, and how the drug behaves in the human body systems. As part of phase 2 100-300 patients are tested on. The goal of phase 2 is to figure out if the the drug is actually effective. In phase 3, 500-5000 patients are tested. The purpose of this large clinical trial is to determine if the drug can prevent poor health possibilities, as well as the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of the drug when taken alongside other drugs. The whole process of developing a drug takes on average 10-15 years to complete. Both civilizations and drug development have one thing in common, they both take very long to accomplish and there are many steps involved. Finding fertile farmland is just like figuring out how a disease is
The drug manufacturing industry is concerned with the development, production and marketing of drugs which are to be used as medication. This is one of the oldest industries in the world. The first drug stores date back to the middle Ages. Some of today’s pharmaceutical companies have been founded in the beginning of the previous century. Important discoveries have been made in the early 20th century such as insulin and penicillin who became mass produced. More drugs were developed during the 1950s-1960s such as contraceptives and heart drugs. During that time numerous organizations and declarations were established in order to regulate the industry. Until the 1970s the drug manufacturing industry remained relatively small, and then it began expanding quickly. With the development of technologies and the internet research, manufacturing, marketing and sales of drugs became a lot easier.
Early civilization remains permits us to observe how life was lived in earlier times. Until the Neolithic Era humans were fairly nomadic. When they became knowledgeable of farming they began to realize that they would not have to be nomadic anymore thus forming civilizations. These early civilizations were typically polytheistic, which means that they believed in many gods. During these civilizations they also learned to tame animals and their technologies grew more and more advanced. Almost all early civilizations have failed but they all left a lasting mark that will continue forever. The Nile River Valley Civilization and the Mesopotamia Civilization are both amazing but they both have their differences in their political and social aspects.
The cultures of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia developed into successful civilizations because they had rivers for mandatory needs like food and transportation, they had their own ruler, laws of civilization for the people, jobs for people, and temples for jobs and shelter for some.
trials of investigation medical products. The FDA also has to review and approve in a
The authors quote a vast amount of credible sources from prestigious universities such as Princeton and from well-known animal rights groups such as PETA. I will use this as my main source of information. George, Patricia and Geraldine Wagner. “Point: Medical Experiments on Animals Are an Important Element of Drug Development.” Animal Experimentation 2015: 7.
The improvement of medicine over the course of the human successes gave great convenience to the people of today. Science has cured and prevented many illnesses from occurring and is on its way to cure some of the most dreadful and harmful illnesses. As the world modernizes due to the industrialization, so does the ways of medicine. Some cures are approached by chance, some, through intense, scientific measures.
In today's society people use drugs to escape from reality and issues that may be present in their lives. They think that the use of drugs will help them achieve happiness which leads to addiction. This addiction allows for others to take advantage of the person while they’re under the influence. In Brave New World, Aldous Huxley uses soma to show a similar idea through the theme of pursuit of happiness through drugs. The purpose that soma serves in the novel is that it is illustrated as being the “perfect drug” with no negative effects. The characters in the novel start using it as an escape for unhappiness or dissatisfaction and the happiness that is reached with the drug eventually becomes a trap and it has an addiction effect which leads
In a culture with such diverse commonalities, the differentials that set precedent come from social norms. These norms set the template for what acceptable behavior is. Being known as having a melting pot of a population we can expect that the norms are influenced through religion, values, ideas, and self views. Deviant behaviors occur when these social norms are disrupted and acts are seen to go against what we have always thought as wrong or weird. Deviance is a broad term that encompasses the idea that we know what is right from what our neighbor does. For example, trends of fashion change quite rapidly. If you don’t believe me watch shows on television that reminisce about the 70’s 80’s and so on. Today we look at what was worn in the previous decades and find it hard to imagine people dressing like this now. However, in the days that style was popular it was seen as the way to dress. Norms change to fit what the popular trend is now. Deviance likewise counters with what is unpopular. There are far more serious deviant acts than dressing from the wrong decade; they are also heavily tied to the law. Laws are more inflexible than behaviors of changing times. They are intact from the idea that if caught participating in such acts you could face serious punishment and rightfully so. Let’s take a look at one form of deviance that persisted in our culture for many years.
The European Union (composed of 28 European countries) and India have both banned animal testing in their countries. The European Union has stated that animal testing is unnecessary which is proven by the Food and Drug Administration proved that 92% of all products that reacted positively in animals were harmful or ineffective in humans as we are two completely different species! Albeit, keep in mind that this 92% is a part of the rare drugs that are found to be effective or even safe for animals. In addition, many people may be concerned that we may have to test out new products on humans instead of animals. The thing is that we already do. For the reason that animal testing is so unreliable, someone will have to, some time or another, be the person to test the specific drug.
For a drug to get to market it must go through several stages of research and development (Abbott and Vernon). Starting with discovery research, preclinical testing on animals, three phases of clinical trials on humans, and finally FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approval (Abbott and Vernon). Out of several thousands of drugs only a few will make it to the FDA approval stage (Abbott and Vernon). Testing is a highly regulated, time consuming, and expensive process. From beginning to end the process can take fifteen years and less than one of five compounds will make it to market where it is still not guaranteed to succeed (Abbott and
Civilizations are formed because humans need one another to survive. The relationships between one another are what make humans strong; thus, the ability to work together and care for each other is what sets humans apart from every other species on the planet. Most humans spend their lives with their parents and then leave home when they find other important relationships through the process of maturation, usually a spouse. As it says in Genesis 2:24, “Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and they shall become one flesh,” humans are meant to seek companionship (Gen 2:24). Humans get married and create new families of their own, and these new relationships dictate our actions.
To construct a great civilization first of all you need to know what a civilization is. According to Merriam Webster dictionary(Webster) a civilization is an effective way of developing an organized society. What produces a great civilization? There are various factors in which a civilization is composed. The main ones are a great form of government, excellent geographical point, a unique writing system, exceptional trading system, specialized workers, an improved technology, advanced cities and complex institutions.
A civilization is the starting point of a society. Civilizations have existed for millions of years and are the basic unit of structure for a society. Civilizations were the base of great societies such as Egypt and Rome. If not for civilizations these societies would not have flourished or even existed.
As the centuries unrolled and new civilizations appeared, cultural, artistic, and medical developments shifted toward the new centers of power. A reversal of the traditional search for botanical drugs occurred in Greece in the fourth century BC, when Hippocrates (estimated dates, 460-377 BC), the "Father of Medicine," became interested in inorganic salts as medications.
For thousands of years, people all over the world have developed, progressed, and eventually formed civilizations. A civilization is a community characterized by elements such as a system of writing, a development of social classes, and cities. Early civilizations such as ancient Greece, classical Rome, Mesopotamia, and classical China have made many contributions to society that still affect people in the modern world. The inventions, progress, and contributions of the people of these ancient civilizations and others have shaped the world that we all live in today.