Civil War Dbq

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With slavery as the primary concern, coupled with Lincoln’s election in 1860, eleven states seceded to form the Confederate States of America. The Civil War began on April 12, 1861, at Ft. Sumter, South Carolina. Union and Confederate strategies differed, but each side thought they could win early decisive battles, ensuring a short conflict. The Union strategy was formulated by Winfield Scott (later modified by George McClellan) and dubbed the “Anaconda Strategy;” as such, it included the blockade of Southern ports, invasion of the Southern interior through the Mississippi River (cutting off river and railroad supplies), and the “strangulation” of the Confederacy through combined naval and land forces. By contrast, the Confederate Strategy …show more content…

Missouri had been admitted as a slave state under the Missouri Compromise of 1820 while all other territory north of the Louisiana Purchase did not allow slavery. Missouri, however, did not vote to secede from the Union because its people were staunchly divided; as such, its rivers (Ohio, Missouri, Mississippi), natural resources, and trailheads to the West were important to both Union and Confederate forces. At the first major battle west of the Mississippi in Wilson’s Creek, the fighting was heavy on “Bloody Hill” between US Gen. Lyon and CS Gen. McCulloch. Confusion on the battlefield led US Siegel to assume that approaching troops were reinforcements; however, they were Confederate troops who routed Siegel, capturing five of six cannons and the southern portion of the battlefield. Lyon was eventually killed, and the casualties were heavy. This was a significant victory for the Confederacy as it controlled southwest Missouri, but they were unable to pursue and finish off retreating Union forces. Kentucky was a neutral border state that permitted slavery, so the Confederacy considered it would just need a nudge if battles were fought within its borders to tip the scales. Like Missouri, Kentucky has valuable rivers (Ohio, Tennessee, Cumberland, Mississippi). This battle pitted US Gen. Thomas against CS Gens. Crittenden and …show more content…

The First Battle of Chattanooga was barely a skirmish, but this set up the importance of this city in the major battles revisited here in 1863. At Murfreesboro, CS Gen. Forrest overpowered a hospital and several Union camps; deceptively, Forrest convinced US Col. Lester to surrender by leading him through town past the large amounts of Confederate troops (in reality, the same ones over and over). Union supply and rail lines were destroyed, and attention was diverted from Chattanooga. At Richmond, KY, CS Gen. Smith thoroughly routed US Gen Nelson and captured 4,300 soldiers; as a result of this battle, the Confederacy ensured the way to Frankfort and Lexington. At Munfordville, the name the “Battle for the Bridge” was apt because a 1,800 ft. long bridge was a key supply line for Union troops. As US Col. Wilder wired for support from the approaching Confederate troops under CS Gen. Chalmers (who had received an erroneous report about the Union troops being isolated and without communication), he was directed to surrender; as such, Wilder famously replied, “Your note demanding the unconditional surrender of my forces has been received. If you wish to avoid further bloodshed, keep out of the range of my guns!” Bragg was forced to send reinforcements, and Wilder eventually backed down to not endanger civilian lives;

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