Cien años de soledad por Gabriel García Márquez

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Recommended: Gabriel Marquez: One hundred years of solitude

La novela “Cien años de soledad” fue una obra escrita por Gabriel García Márquez durante dieciocho meses entre 1965 y 1966 en Ciudad de México y publicada por primera vez en 1967 en Buenos Aires. El ingenio para la redacción de esta obra surge en 1952 durante el viaje que ejecuta Gabriel García Márquez a su pueblo natal, Aracataca. No cabe duda que el lugar ficticio de Macondo, ambiente donde se desarrolla la obra, refleja muchas de las costumbres y anécdotas vividas por Gabriel García Márquez durante su infancia en antedicho pueblo, mostrando así un contexto histórico y social que se analizará a continuación.
El contexto histórico de la obra se puede ubicar en Colombia, a finales del siglo XIX y mediados del siglo XX. Tal y como se manifiesta en la novela, existían, dentro de la historia de Colombia, los partidos liberal y conservador, notablemente reconocidos por las múltiples guerras civiles que los enfrentaron. Es claro que Gabriel García Márquez refleja a dos personajes históricos de Colombia: Rafael Uribe Uribe, líder del partido liberal y Rafael Núñez, presidente colombiano líder del partido conservador. Muchas de las batallas descritas en la obra hacen referencia a batallas sangrientas de la guerra civil colombiana, como por ejemplo, la Guerra de los Mil Días. En la obra se describe, de igual manera, cómo se llevaría un sinnúmero de conflictos liderados principalmente por un personaje homólogo a Rafael Uribe Uribe: el coronel Aureliano Buendía.

Por lo que se refiere a los contextos sociales, existen dos datos que se relacionan de igual manera con el contexto histórico colombiano. El primer dato se relaciona con la llegada del ferrocarril a Colombia. En 1882 se funda el Ferrocarril de Santa Marta, que sirvió principalment...

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...años de soledad” pudo haber sido el desarrollo de una Primera y Segunda Guerra Mundial. Al ser Gabriel García Márquez un periodista europeo, su trabajo principal pudo haber sido el de narrar el día a día de una cruenta guerra como lo fue la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Esto, hipotéticamente hablando, pudo haber generado personajes en una nueva historia que describan directa o indirectamente el desarrollo de este conflicto.
En conclusión, se debe considerar que una mentalidad influenciada por una región europea hubiese fecundado un nuevo estilo literario, una nueva trama novelística, un nuevo léxico con nuevas expresiones originales de Europa y muy posiblemente un título diferente para la obra. Pero el desasosiego de los lectores más acérrimos pudo haber sido el nunca haber conocido un estilo literario tan único como lo fue el realismo mágico de Gabriel García Márquez.

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