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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a lung disease that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma and bronchiectasis. COPD is a known to increase breathlessness, frequent coughing, wheezing, and tightness in the chest. Many patients are unaware of their symptoms and spend years not knowing that they are COPD patients. In the begging COPD may cause no symptoms or only mild symptoms, but as the years pass and the disease gets worse symptoms are usually more severe. One common test to test for COPD is the spirometry test. COPD is so common it affects almost 30 million people in the U.S. COPD can be developed from inhaling pollutants, which includes smoking and second-hand smoke. Fumes, chemicals, and dust are also some reasons people develop COPD. Genetics is also one of the big reasons many patients develop COPD. COPD mostly affects people at the age of 40 and older who are mostly smokers. There is no cure for COPD, only treatments to relieve symptoms and to keep the disease from getting worse. One example of a COPD patient, is Mrs. S who is a 65 years old man with COPD, but Mr. S has never been treated for COPD. Meaning
S should have been more precise towards his treatment. He should always take his medicine on time and learn more about his disease. Learning about COPD is one of the most important things COPD patients should do. COPD is a lung disease that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma and bronchiectasis If Mr. S had not gone to the hospital for a knee fracture he wouldn’t have found out how dangerous his COPD had become. Giving Mr. S family history, his COPD is somewhat passed down from his family members. Many people with COPD have gotten in because it has been passed down by genes. Almost all humans diagnosed with COPD are 40 years and older. One example is Mr. S who is 65 years old patient diagnosed with COPD. As a COPD patient Mr. S was always having a difficult time breathing, coughing, and a lot of
Below will be looking into the progression of the disease and effects it will have on bill and his family, also will look into the pathophisology of COPD, nursing considerations, treatment management and the community services available to Bill so he can return home safely.
Mrs. Jones has a history of COPD. She was already taking albuterol for her illness and it was ineffective when she took it that day. Mrs. Jones had been a smoker but had quit several years ago. According to Chojnowski (2003), smoking is a major causative factor in the development of COPD. Mrs. Jones's primary provider stated that she had a mixed type of COPD. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) was established to address the growing problem of COPD. The GOLD standards identify three conditions that contribute to the structural changes found in COPD: Chronic bronchiolitis, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. A mixed diagnosis means that the patient has a combination of these conditions (D., Chojnowski, 2003). Mrs. Jones chronically displayed the characteristic symptoms of COPD. "The characteristic symptoms are cough, sputum production, dyspnea on exertion, and decreased exercise tolerance." (D., Chojnowski, 2003, p. 27).
Symptoms worsen faster for people with COPD that go undiagnosed and untreated. It is important if someone is experiencing symptoms of COPD that they get tested right away. (Copdfoundation.org)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD is a group of progressive lung diseases that block airflow and make it hard to breathe. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the most common types of COPD (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2016, p 557). Primary symptoms include coughing, mucus, chest pain, shortness of breath, and wheezing (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2016, p.557). COPD develops slowly and worsens over time if not treated during early stages. The disease has no cure, but medication and disease management can slow its progress and make one feel better (NIH, 2013)
...r illness causes them (). Service users expect respect and sensitivitiy as well as competent treatment and practical support. Nurses must be willing to engage with patients with effective therapeutic communication as well as demonstrating the 6 C’s (). It is evident that nutritional and fluid intake is important for COPD sufferers. It is a long term condition, so enabling people with the condition to self manage and to be educated about the importance of their health choices (By implementing a nursing model or theory and following the cycle of ASPIRE, it would seem impossible for the primary carer to not treat Mr B holistically. Every aspect of his life is affected by his COPD and by evaluating and backing up the care plan with evidence based practice, being in partnership with Mr B every step of the way, he would be able to get the help he needs.
Today I will be explaining the importance and details of tracheobronchitis also referred to as bronchitis. Tracheobronchitis as the name gives off is an inflammation of the trachea and bronchitis. The trachea and bronchi’s main role is to extend air into the lungs, so that they are able to reach the alveoli which are responsible for gas exchange in the lungs. Tracheobronchitis is often times not contagious depending upon the cause of inflammation, inflammation can result from an allergic reaction, bacterial infection or virus. Some important clinical manifestations that you may see include wheezing which are a result of inflamed airways,fever, dry or phlegm cough, night sweats, headache and sore throat. Tracheobronchitis does not always have to be severe it can also be acute and last only a few weeks.
Carone M, D. C. ( 2007). Clinical Challenges In COPD[e-book]. (Oxford: Clinical Pub) Retrieved March 24, 2014, from (EBSCOhost).
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is preventable disease that has a detrimental effects on both the airway and lung parenchyma (Nazir & Erbland, 2009). COPD categorises emphysema and chronic bronchitis, both of which are characterised by a reduced maximum expiratory flow and slow but forced emptying of the lungs (Jeffery 1998). The disease has the one of the highest number of fatalities in the developed world due to the ever increasing amount of tobacco smokers and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality (Marx, Hockberger & Walls, 2014). Signs and symptoms that indicate the presence of the disease include a productive cough, wheezing, dyspnoea and predisposing risk factors (Edelman et al., 1992). The diagnosis of COPD is predominantly based on the results of a lung function assessment (Larsson, 2007). Chronic bronchitis is differentiated from emphysema by it's presentation of a productive cough present for a minimum of three months in two consecutive years that cannot be attributed to other pulmonary or cardiac causes (Marx, Hockberger & Walls, 2014) (Viegi et al., 2007). Whereas emphysema is defined pathologically as as the irreversible destruction without obvious fibrosis of the lung alveoli (Marx, Hockberger & Walls, 2014) (Veigi et al., 2007).It is common for emphysema and chronic bronchitis to be diagnosed concurrently owing to the similarities between the diseases (Marx, Hockberger & Walls, 2014).
One of the long-term breathlessness is usually caused by obesity or being unfit. Other is asthma that is not controlled properly. Moreover, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is not temporarily damage to the lungs usually caused by prolonged of smoking.
Vijayan, V. K. (2013). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Indian Journal Of Medical Research, 137(2), 251-269.
The leading cause of death in America is lung cancer. Lung cancer is ranked top 10 fatal cancers in the United States. There are many types of ways to get lung cancer. There is radon gas it occurs outdoors naturally. Then there is second hand smoke that comes from other people smoking. People are even getting lung cancer from cancer causing agents, this happens from carcinogens. You can also get it from air pollution indoors and outdoors. Also there are gene-mutations that form cancer causing cells. Then there is the one everyone blamed lung cancer is smoking.
The uncertain nature of chronic illness takes many forms, but all are long-term and cannot be cured. The nature of chronic illness raises hesitation. It can disturb anyone, irrespective of demographics or traditions. It fluctuates lives and generates various inquiries for the patient. Chronic illness few clear features involve: long-lasting; can be managed but not cured; impacts quality of life; and contribute to stress. Chronic illnesses can be enigmatic. They often take considerable time to identify, they are imperceptible and often carry a stigma because there is little sympathetic or social support. Many patients receive inconsistent diagnoses at first and treatments deviate on an individual level. Nevertheless, some circumstances require
The topic that I will be focusing on for this assignment is on the screening of lung cancer, since this is one of the most controversial debates all across the world. The significance of this topic is that when it comes to lung cancer screening, many individuals may or may not abide by it. There are many reasons to why individuals may not want to have their screening done for lung cancer. The top two reasons are that the screening itself is expensive and secondly, the results that they get from the screening may not be accurate. Imagine, if the results came up as a positive, for the ones who really do not have lung cancer, the amount of pain, time and money that they have put into the curing of lung cancer, is painful. At the same, time it is not fair for them to go through this much, when they actually do not have lung cancer. In this paper, I will discuss how lung cancer screening is a controversial issue and why it impacts us as a society and what problems that the family members, friends and medical doctors have to face if something does goes wrong.. Here is a portion of my essay that will appear on the final copy of my essay.
One of the two common diseases that fall into the group called Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Other type of condition is known as Bronchitis. Another means by which Emphysema is a type of lung disease and it develop in smokers and people who work in polluted areas. Globally, it is estimated that about 3 million deaths were caused by the disease in 2015 (World Health Organization). This condition is mainly caused in smokers and people who work or settled in highly polluted areas by chemicals, fumes emitted from factories and so on. Therefore these can damage the small air sacs called alveoli in lungs and get weaken, have very thin walls and delicate. The alveoli wall reduces the surface area, elasticity and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide carried by blood stream.
There are numerous public health problems that can be addressed in my Southside of Chicago community. Among the several public health problems facing my Southside of Chicago community there are two that are more urgent. Health education or one might say lack thereof is a problem that needs to be addressed. My community is plagued with many of the residents suffering from high blood pressure, diabetes, and the killer virus known as HIV. In most cases these conditions can be prevented with healthier lifestyles and access to nutritious organic foods. In addition, environmental health is another urgent problem my community is facing. Access to clean, safe water and air is supposed to be a fundamental human right aimed at a healthy environment. Yet, my community consists a waste contaminated beach, numerous deteriorated building that are still occupied, and a countless number of restaurant and stores supplying our residents with services that are endangering their health.