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Christianities role in beowulf
Anglo Saxon culture is reflected in Beowulf
Report: beowulf and anglo-saxon culture
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Beowulf Essay: Prompt 1
Though Christianity is manifested strongly in Beowulf through the presence of fate and the character Beowulf, there is tension between the values of Christianity and the Anglo-Saxon warrior code that diminish Christianity's role in the story.
Throughout Beowulf, there is an underlying tension between the peaceful ideologies of Christianity and the barbaric, warrior elements of Anglo-Saxon culture. In chapter 3, when the Geats have just arrived in Denmark to assist King Hrothgar, the writer says, "Jumping to the ground, the Geats pushed their boat to the sand and tied it in place, mail shirts and armor rattling as they swiftly moored their ship. And then they gave thanks to God for their easy passing." This
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In many instances, the winning of a battle or defeat of an enemy is attributed to God's will, and said to be part of God's divine plan. In chapter 14, when Beowulf is recounting his battle with Grendel to King Hrothgar, Beowulf says, "But God's will was against me, as hard as I held him he still pulled free and ran, escaped from this hall with the strength fear had given him." This suggests that regardless of how brave or valiant a warrior is, God will ultimately decide the outcome of the battle. This idea brings the story into line with Christianty somewhat, as the Christian belief of God's omnipotence is represented as the force of fate. The connection between God and fate is made again in line 1055, as the writer says "The monster would have murdered again and again had not God, and the hero's courage, turned fate aside." This quote also emphasizes the influence of the warrior on his own fate, however, a theme that is present throughout the story. In many instances, a warrior is represented as being in control of his own fate, with bravery and loyalty in battle determining the outcome, rather than divine intervention. Though fate is often attributed to God, the warrior code and the power of the individual over his own fate somwhat diminishes this manifestation of
The Old English epic poem Beowulf poses something for an enigma for scholars. The poet was surely a Christian, but the poem depicts a pagan society, so what sort of religion is being expressed. Most recent scholars have argued for a Christian reading, but others still hold out for a pagan one. Some have suggested Christian-pagan syncretism. Pagan beliefs involve sacrifices to the old stone Gods, making heathen vows, hoping for Hell’s support, the devil’s guidance in driving their affliction off. This was their way and the Heathen’s only hope.Some suggest Christian-pagan syncretism. Anglo-Saxon epic heroes are willing to put their own lives in danger for the greater good. Beowulf highlights the code’s points of tension by relating circumstances
Through a heroic poem about pagans that never mentions Christ, Beowulf is the opposite of syncretistic compromise. It is written to highlight the treachery as a way of life that afflicted these pagan societies from within, and the greed and plunder as a way of life that afflicted them from without (whether they were the marauders of the victims.) (30)
He is saying at times, God dispenses victories, and at other times heroes lose their lives. Here, Beowulf loses his life. God allows Beowulf to avenge himself against the dragon and fight the good fight, but we must always remember a key idea of the heroic code: a hero mustfight- even thoughhe knows that he fights against
In the epic Beowulf, the reader can clearly find the very distinct conflicts, although some go unnoticed. This poem came to be around the birth of Christianity and the dying out of paganism. In Beowulf, the battles between the monsters and the warriors are interpreted as a battle between the old way of faith and the coming of Christianity. Beowulf himself comes across many conflicts of his own. A literary critic, Alfred Bammesberger, analyzed the person who gives Beowulf the idea to go to Herot and fight Grendel, “.... Beowulf wanting to fight single-handed and challenge Grendel based on the information he had given to his uncle, the Great King Hygelac” (Bammesberger). The Danish king asks not for help however, Beowulf goes anyways. While he has many physical battles with enemies, he also has internal conflicts that seem to hold heavy in his mind. These conflicts include but are not limited to, “Battle of Grendel”, “The Battle with Grendel’s Mother” and “The Last Battle.”
Christianity theme is portrayed throughout the epic of Beowulf. Beowulf was written during the late 700 AD to 1000 AD, during this time the Anglo Saxons had become Christianized. Christian themes and symbolisms are seen throughout the epic of Beowulf, having both Christian and Pagan influence. Beowulf is described as a strong hero, he is strong, courageous, and brave. Beowulf does not back down from a battle, he is signified as a hero because he is willing to risk his life to defeat any monster. In this epic, Beowulf can be described as a “Christian Knight,” as Jesus was in the Bible. In the account of Matthew 20:28, “Just as the Son of man came, not to be ministered to, but to minister and to give his life as a ransom in exchange for many.”
Throughout life a man makes many descions which determine the way his life will be lived and the way it will end. All choices a man makes in his life have consequences and each man must account for them. In life, every man must reap what he has sown. The values a man holds to be important in his life govern the choices he makes. The epic Beowulf is a good example of this truth. In the story, Beowulf is a god-like human who possesses a strength and warrior spirit unmatched by anyone. The choices he has made resulted in this power and it is also those same choices that play a part in his end.
The battle between fate and free will produces a lopsided victory by fate in Beowulf. A continuous reference is directed to fate by context as well as in elements of theme, plot, and character. The most prominent relation to fate is seen with Beowulf. From his early adventures as a warrior to his later rule as king, fate strongly influences Beowulf's beliefs and courage. He attributes the successful outcomes of his many fights and struggles to the reasons of fate. The lives and outcomes of Beowulf and his enemies are obvious examples of the Beowulf poet showing that God has the power to control everything, resulting in predetermined fate. "Fate goes ever as fate must."(Line 455)*
Throughout the poem, characters struggle to understand who and/or what is the guiding force for actions and events. Although this answer remains a mystery, many proverbs and traditions hint at the proper way to live and act. The advice, "Let whoever can/ win glory before death" (lines 1387-8), exalts the idea that champions are the most likely to live a bountiful life and are the ones who uphold the highest ideals in society. Bravery and wise choices create circumstances that cannot determine a future, but can help to lead a man to his predetermined best end. A specific incident in Beowulf exemplifies this connection among free will, glory, and predestination. Beowulf's fight with the dragon and dying words demonstrate the overarching idea that although fate, destiny, and God work to direct a man toward his death, free will and the glory acquired because of it determine how a man is remembered and honored during his life.
Beowulf: Salvation vs. Temptation Although proper credit cannot be given to an unknown author, the extraordinary poem, Beowulf, does give proper credit to the typical binary hero system. Beowulf illustrates an impossibly perfect hero, Beowulf, with only the best of intentions who takes on not only the destructive Grendel, but Grendel’s vengeful mother as well, only to end in his own impressive demise. Two thematic elements are discussed in Beowulf: that it is altogether improper to fall to the temptation of the devil, and that one can survive solely under the protection of God who sends all earthly gifts and blessings. Along with the ever-present sense of salvation bestowed within Beowulf’s pride comes a direct conflict with Christian values that are represented through the demonic Grendel. Therefore, the reader is challenged to explore the dichotomies of salvation versus temptation in the underlying religious concepts of Beowulf.
Beowulf is driven by forces that are beyond his control. Just as his lineage contributes to his preeminence, so to do the values of generosity and loyalty common to most Anglo Saxon warriors impact the course of Beowulf’s life. The lineage of a character in Beowulf greatly affects the character’s life expectations, especially for princes, warriors and monsters. The concept of fate (wyrd) manifests itself in Beowulf as the will of God, which Beowulf often credits his success in battle. Beowulf, along with other characters, believes that God will determine the winner in every battle. Because of this belief, Beowulf puts his trust in God and accepts that “fate goes ever as fate must” (455). Fate is a concept that is accepted by many characters
In “Beowulf” translated by Burton Raffel, the character Beowulf is portrayed as a brave, courageous, and very pious man. In the pagan tale the underlying motif of Good vs. Evil heightens these characteristics even to the point where Beowulf comes across as a symbol for God and Christianity. He battles “the demon” Grendel (ln. 16), Grendel’s mother, and a fierce dragon, all in order to save those who need aid, primarily the people of Herot. This too is very Christlike because he is serving those lower than himself for the sole purpose of doing the right thing. Although Beowulf is very brave all throughout, he becomes boastful and greedy from the time he first battles Grendel to when he takes on the dragon.
Beowulf, often acknowledges God as his protector and as a guide. As he sets out on his journey he uses his faith in God to get through the difficult decisions and situations that he is faced with. When presented with things like weapons or other aspects which help him along the way he gives the credit to God for creating these things. Along with this there is the idea that everything great comes from God, whether it be success or great fortune. Multiple times throughout the story, Hrothgar explains to Beowulf how life is a gift from God and that he must be thankful to him for what he has given
The last battle in Beowulf was against the fierce dragon that could also be saw as the power of Satan. During this battle Beowulf chooses to use a weapon because of the dragon’s deadly venom, it would only be fair. It was a hard fight but Beowulf wasn’t capable of defeating the dragon. This battle could be compared to the will of Christ, in which Christ gave his life for the people, while Beowulf did the same. The dragon now represents the evil a man must fight in order to preserve the good in life. Although Beowulf was defeated, it was not shamelessly, just like Christ he saved the people. Beowulf had a good heart but was sometimes overturned by the bad influences in life. He represents the fact that everyone makes mistakes, you can’t be perfect all the time, everyone’s bound to lose.
Beowulf’s three great fights - the main events of the poem - show the deficiencies in Beowulf’s characters in contrast with the Christian belief. Beowulf possesses many pagan traits, such as pride and might and courage, which are considered virtuous by the pagans. However, from a Christian perspective, Beowulf is not entirely virtuous and his actions seem to be contradicting. Nevertheless, although Beowulf’s character flaws have killed him in the end, he is still an admirable hero that deserves respect from both Christians and pagans.