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Genetic Engineering or modification is the act of changing the cellular makeup of an organism’s genes using extensive biotechnology
The genetic makeup of cells is manipulated to change the genetic makeup of DNA through a variety of methods
DNA may either be manipulated by changing a region, removing an entire region or introducing a completely new gene group into the organism’s DNA
How Does it work
• DNA is extracted from the desired host in a controlled lab environment
• A sample of the gene which will be genetically modified is taken and inserted into the hosts DNA simply
• A reaction will take place and the cells divide 1000s of times and begins to introduce itself into the cell body which is being modified
Moral issues
• Many issues arise from the introduction and
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Temperance also directly related to self-control is the aspect of changing and tampering with that of Gods creation, one which directly related to the aspects of Genetic
“The most merciful thing that a family does to one of its infant members is to kill it.”
...onscious self is obsessed with an evil, the conscious must overcome it or a paradox will result in which both selves parish.
Nearly everyone in the modern world has heard of the term self-control, a seemingly non-important or uninteresting topic of interest. However, self-control has been related to having one of the most significant impacts on a person. Even some have gone as far to say that self-control is the “biggest predictor of a successful and satisfying life” (Pinker 1), which are bold words for a topic that many merely disregard. The idea of self-control is a concept coined in the Victorian era, and appears immensely throughout the novel, Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength, written by R.F. Baumeister & J. Tierney. Essentially a self-help book, ‘Willpower’ provides explanations for why humans are doing the things that they do, and why people aren’t always as virtuous as they may be expected to be. Self-control affects many facets of a person’s life, and by looking at how it is presented in psychology, and in Baumeister and Tierney’s novel, Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength, one will see the correlations and differences between modern research and historical perspectives on the idea of self-control, and ultimately decide if the idea of self-control is an inherent trait or a learned condition.
Self-control has two parts, the part that is controlling and the one that is not. However, there are three parts of a soul according to Plato- the rational part, which is what reason tells us we should do, the appetitive part, which is what we want to do, and the spirited part, which is strong, tough and tenacious. When the spirited part of our soul is activated and fighting for justice, it just keeps going. However, we tend to have conflicts within ourselves and within these parts. The appetitive part is the biggest part because people tend to feed their appetites, becoming a slave to their desires. Because of this, reason becomes a slave to the appetites. Reason, however, according to Plato is the best part of people if they learn to not let the other parts of the soul meddle; otherwise reason becomes weaker and weaker. If we do the right thing, which is also the just thing, we will feed the best part of us. However, if you do the unjust thing, you feed your appetite or desires. For example, a drug addict becomes addicted to drugs because he continuously feeds the appetitive part of his soul. His reason diminishes and his spirited part is not longer, the appetitive part takes over completely. By doing this, you are sending your life into chaos and can never have your life harmonious because you will always want more. An
Genetic engineering, sometimes called genetic modification, is the process to alter the structure and nature of genes in humans, plants, and animals (what is genetic engineering). Because DNA is a code that is universal, genes can be manipulated
Gene cloning works by first isolating the desired gene and ‘cutting’ it from the original chromosome using restriction enzymes. The piece of DNA is ‘pasted’ into a vector and the ends of the DNA are joined to the vector DNA by ligation. The vector is introduced into a host cell, often a bacteria or yeast, by a process called transformation. The host cells copy the vector DNA along with their own DNA, creating multiple copies of the inserted DNA. The vector DNA is separated from the host cells’ DNA and purified.
Genetic Engineering has recently become a contentious topic within medical and social circles. Controversial topics such as Sex Selection and Designer Babies are linked to Genetic engineering. They are destructive in every circumstance. Genetic Engineering is detrimental towards the individual and all posterity.
Kitcher, Phillip. "Manipulating Genes: How Much is Too Much?" PBS Online. Apr. 2002. 8 Dec. 2002 [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/manipulate.html].
Over the past few decades, advances in technology have allowed scientists to actively manipulate the genetic sequence of an organism through a process called 'genetic engineering'. Many believe that this is a technique which we should exploit and take full advantage of as, after all, it may be the key to curing many hereditary diseases such as heart disease and cancer. It may very well be the solution to overcoming evolutionary barriers and allow us to breed new species. However, if you consider the unknown consequences we may have to face as a result of our futile experimenting, you would find that messing with a system as intricate as nature for curiosity's sake is hardly justifiable.
As previously stated, there are several ways that these changes can occur, but the ones I will be focusing on are changes occurring to methyl and acetyl groups. The mechanism of heritability in animals is information coded into genes. Genes are wrapped around histones in the nucleus. When methyl groups attach to these histones, it winds the genes tighter, and since the shape is altered, it also alters the protein the gene codes for. Generally speaking, when you add a methyl group onto the histones, or "spool" of the gene, it makes it harder to code that gene’s proteins, just like if you got something stuck in the chain on your bike and tried to pedal it. The more methyl groups that build up, the worse the problem becomes. However, in most of the cases acetylation unwinds some of the histones, activating or reactivating a gene. Scientists are explo...
Genetic Engineering is the deliberate alteration of an organism's genetic information (Lee 1). The outcome scientists refer to as successful entitles the living thing’s ability to produce new substances or perform new functions (Lee 1). In the early 1970’s, direct manipulation of the genetic material deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) became possible and led to the rapid advancement of modern biotechnology (Lee 1).
Genetic engineering gives the power to change many aspects of nature and could result in a lot of life-saving and preventative treatments. Today, scientists have a greater understanding of genetics and its role in living organisms. However, if this power is misused, the damage could be very great. Therefore, although genetic engineering is a field that should be explored, it needs to be strictly regulated and tested before being put into widespread use. Genetic engineering has also, opened the door way to biological solutions for world problems, as well as aid for body malfunctions. I think that scientists should indeed stop making genetic engineering for humans, because it will soon prove to be devastating to the human race. It would cause rivalries and tension among different kinds of genetically engineered humans for dominance and power.
The Problem Genetic engineering has been around since the 1960’s, although major experiments have not been really noticed until the 1990’s. Science comes in different forms, the two major being cloning and genetic reconstruction. Cloning is the duplicating of one organism and making an exact copy. For example, in 1996 the creation of the clone sheep named Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned, which was a great achievement. The other form, genetic reconstruction, is used to replace genes within humans to help or enhance the life of an unborn child for a medical reason or just for the preference of a parent.
Genetic engineering seems decades away, but through modern technology, it has recently entered the human realm. Some believe genetic engineering will bring forth great advancements in the human brain and body, but instead some believe one mistake creates a world where every child will be genetically engineered just to keep up with the rest of society. Many times, the media plays a very strong role in the image of this issue, and masks the true identity of this social injustice. However, what forms of genetic engineering can be done in humans today? What is in store for the future? What are the risks and what could be the possible benefits? Currently gene therapy is one of the only ways to change the genetic makeup of an animal or human. Also,
Biogenetic engineering is the ability to change or modify a genome of an organism through the use of biotechnology. We use this in order to add a new gene to an organism that it would originally would not contain. This creates a better suited organism to adapt to any form of change it may have to deal with. Biogenetic engineering works by physically entering the organism’s genome and removing it and inserting the genome into another organism this allows the organism that had received the new trait to express the new code. The steps for genetic engineering is by first finding an organism that contains a trait that is desired, then scientist will extract the DNA, then once the gene has been extracted it goes through gene cloning, this is the process in which the gene is located and copied from the different of genes that had been extracted, and sometimes the desired gene will be modified so that it will be able to perform desirelly within the organism, the transgene, which is the new gene, will be inserted into the organism, once inserted scientist will allow for breeding in order to perfect the desired gene. Biogenetic engineering allows for the manual transport of genes from one organism to the next. The genes that we use for bioengineering are beneficial since we are able to perfect this genes for an unlimited amount of usage. Bioengineering also allows a single or a few desirable genes to be inserted into an organism rather than breeding which has at times undesirable traits that might not be as beneficial to the organism as the gene that is being inserted manually in bioengineering.