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Theories and techniques of counseling
Theories and techniques of counseling
Theories and techniques of counseling
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Empowerment Theory, It’s a process of increasing personal, interpersonal power so that children, young persons and families can take action to improve their wellbeing (Gutierrez 1999, p.229). Children and families cannot participate actively unless they are empowered. Empowerment emphasizes strength and capacities.
Child perspective, this means a child friendly perspective that is informed by new approaches to the study and analysis of children and childhood (James and Prout 1990). Child must in all circumstances be seen as individuals with same rights and interests and should be given a open platform just as adults to express their views as stipulated in the convention the rights of the child (Article 4 of CRC). Children and youth regardless of social status must receive recognition from social workers and parents.
Ecological systems theory, this rests on
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We must realize how children and youth have remained excluded by the mono logical understandings of participation implicit. Mere granting children rights or proclaiming that they are capable participants does not in create effect or transform participation. In other words, children’s participation depends principally on the invitation offered through dialogue to be acknowledged and to negotiate the terms of their recognition (Kulynych 2001; Percy-Smith and Weil 2003.
Family group conference, a newer style of decision-making is the family group conference (FGC) which, aims to encourage a more equal partnership between professionals and families, giving families a greater say in decisions which affect them and their children (Lupton & Stevens 1997).It’s a process led by family members to plan and make decisions for a child assumed to at risk or
...ctive we are able to understand analyze previous achievements and forward progress within the community. According to Kirsten-Ashmen, “ empowerment is defined as the process of increasing personal, interpersonal, or political power so that individuals can take action to improve their to improve their life situation (p.81)”. Within the empowerment theory there is a focus on conscious raising, social justice, mutual aid , power, socialization, and group cohesion. The DSNI strives to achieve all of these sub-ideas within the theory.
All children and young people should have support regardless of who they are and the environments they come from. Children and young people should be supported to be healthy, enjoy life, have a good standard of living and be successful in everything they do. These are the five key principles to help get children and young people the best start in life. Children and young people have the right to voice their opinions and share any issues that are of importance to them. In the past this was often disregarded. Protection of the children’s act 1999 is so that any people who are considered unsuitable to work with children and young people are put on a list also known as (POCA). This list is to prevent the unsuitable people from gaining access to children. Unsuitable persons will not be allowed to work with any children weather its paid work or voluntary work. All childcare organisations must refer to this list through the criminal records bureau to check off names against the list and any persons found to be on it must not under any circumstances be employed. The UNCRC (United Nations Convention on the rights of a child) The UNCRC is an international agreement that
Recognize that children are best understood and supported in the context of family, culture, community, and society
When working with children it is vital we have a good understanding of the principles and values such as United Nations Children’s Rights Convention. The Foundation Phase curriculum promotes equality of opportunity and values, and celebrates diversity.’ (Foundation Phase revised curriculum, 2015) whereas the UNCRC focuses on the rights of the child, these rights underpins everything that practitioners do in the setting. Alternatively the Foundation Phase is a framework that is used to plan for children’s play and learning but gives us many opportunities to celebrate diversity and promote an inclusive and equal setting.
The main roles of the theories are supporting children’s development in order to ensure a deeper understanding of how development takes place while showing how it can be supported.
The theory of empowerment is the way the status quo can successfully be transformed. According to this theory societies wanting to change the status quo will experience three different steps. The first step in the process is forming a normative goal; this is simply what you want to change to. The normative goal is what the goal of politics should be. Those who wish to change the status quo should have a normative goal know what they are seeking from the new system. The second step needed in the process is creating a method of action; this is the process which needs to take place in order to change status quo. This is necessary ensure people are able and willing to take action necessary; they must believe the goal and method is possible before
The article uses photographs as a way to bounce information between the child and the researcher. This is a good example of children using meaning-making and narrative to make “sense of the world and of experiences” (Wright, 2012, p. 18).This allows the adult to see “through the eyes of the child” (Wright, 2012, p. 18). This helps the adult gain information about what is engaging and challenging about the children’s learning environments from the child (Smith, Duncan, & Marshall, 2005) to then make a difference in the children lives to make it more engaging and challenging. This is also seen in Childhood studies where children are seen as rights holders. Children need to have the opportunity to express their opinion and voice their thoughts on any subject/experience that interests or provokes them. It’s the role of the adult to be able to understand what the child is saying and advocate for them. The documentation approach is making the children’s learning visible (Clark & Kinney, 2006). It’s seen in the article where the children’s learning is visible through photos and through their interpretations of those photos. At the core of the documentation approach is the belief that “children should be at the centre of decisions about their learning and development” (Clark & Kinney, 2006, p. 4). This approach allows children’s voices, views and understanding (Clark & Kinney, 2006, p. 4) to be heard helping adults to better understand the children to help make the right change/difference in the children’s lives. The Mosaic approach is about enabling children to “explore their perspectives” (Clark & Kinney, 2006, p. 9). This approach embraces children as social actors who are social beings in a social world who’s “interaction[s] make a difference”
Post, S. G. (2004). Children: II rights of children. In Encyclopedia of bioethics (3 ed., Vol. 1, pp. 385-387). New York, NY: Macmillan Reference USA.
In social work there are many theories that are very beneficial. I think that empowerment theories are something you must know about. First, I will list some reasons why these theories are special. Then, we will explore the history of it. Thirdly, the key concepts will give us an open insight on what we are really talking about. Fourthly, we will focus on the term critical consciousness. Next is defining the empowerment concepts in a social context. Finally there will be information on the social work empowerment theories more in depth.
The Children Society (2008) Every Child has the right to be heard [Online] Available from:
extremes of a manager having no desire to give up his control over his employees and
Empowerment is the feeling of control, the ability to make our own decisions, the confidence to achieve autonomy and well-being.
When advocating on behalf of a population experiencing a social problem, empowerment seems to be more prevalent than one may think, although this remains a difficult skill to master. Empowerment is the process of enabling an oppressed or marginalized population to think, behave, and take action in autonomous ways. The purpose of empowerment is to assist an oppressed and/or marginalized group in overcoming feelings of powerlessness and negative valuations so they can resolve their problems and influence political change (Hardina, 2003). In social work, the goal of empowerment is to increase the power of the oppressed population or community (Hardina, 2003).
Dubois states, “a conceptualization of empowerment social work as a social justice contract requires a core of ethical preferences that gives due consideration to both the clinical and critical dimensions of empowerment social work” (Dubois, 2007). To approach their clinical work from an empowerment perspective,
Thus, to be effective in the empowerment process, empowerment requires that managers and staff members, who play a critical and essential role in the entire empowerment process, must define their empowerment, not assume or guess at their roles. Managers should never permit ambiguity about the power or its exercise. The consequences of its expression (both positive and negative) should also be clearly defined at the outset of the empowered relationship between managers and staff (Rapp, et al., 2006; Porter, 1998). The core of employee empowerment process is: show people what they have to know, teach them how to do it, give them the tools they need, and they will do a job that will meet, and often exceed, expectations. The key words here are "show," "teach" and "give." So if you want empowered employees, you have to prepare them for the job. This means that empowerment is a process of things linked with each other to form empowerment at the end (Gresham,