THE IMPACT OF CHILD POVERTY ON EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (UK).
Table of Content
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
3.1 Definition and Measure of Child Poverty
3.2 Child Poverty as a problem of child education and development
4.0 CONCLUSION
LIST OF REFERENCES
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Child poverty has increasingly become an issue of public and policy concern n (UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre 2012). This research sets out to have a comprehensive study of Child Poverty in the UK and the impact it has on education and development. Child poverty as noted by (Simpson 2013: 85) is known to be a social menace in developed countries as the UK and it is known
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The UK government's consultation on the measure of child poverty realised the importance of income of a household (Smith, D. I. 2012: 9). Does the consideration of income in isolation give the real idea and accuracy of child poverty as the people who live in poverty would see it?
The Child Poverty Act 2010 is known to use four types of measures for child poverty which are all known to include household income levels though poverty goes beyond money, the collection and comparison of household income levels are known to be easier across nations and over time (Child Policy Action
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This deprivation then leaves these children the inability to enjoy their rights and thereby unable achieve their full potential in This definition of Child poverty asserts the interrelation of the various poverty levels that affects children (UNICEF 2005). (Davidziuk et al 2005: 12) in their explanation of this interrelation states material poverty as resulting in malnutrition which in turn affects children's health and education and hence, their development in the long run. Lack of financial resources in home results in child labour which has the tendency of impacting on a child's cognitive and physical development. This definition of UNICEF asserts that addressing child poverty should not only be looked at from the economic security aspect but also deprivation of basic services to children which impair their development in diverse
Poverty has many influences on children under the age of 16. The research fined out that in recent year, an increasing number of children become poor, live under the poverty condition- childhood poverty lasted 10 years or more. So, what does the poverty exactly mean to children? According to Brook-Gunn and Duncan, The kids who live in the poverty condition have the low quality of schools; more likely to have domestic violence and become homeless; less access to friends, services, etc.
In addition to providing alarming statistics about the rate of childhood poverty, Jenson & Fraser highlight how much poverty can adversely affect the outcomes of children both directly and indirectly by impacting them at a familial and community levels (31-34).
Poverty causes children to be involved in illegal things such as drugs and crime and the people that are involved in these risky behaviours are children. If parents don’t have enough money to support their child, they will be forced to steal- this is linked back to education- if you are unable to earn a decent wage because of lack of education you will be forced to commit a crime. The recent video file by Bergsma touches on this issue with in depth. Bergsma has attempted to show and explain the unawareness of child poverty through a story. The story was about a guy who named Bobby and lives in poverty. Generally, the entire story was criticized from his perspective that how he experienced living in poverty and abandoned his life. In the video, Bergsma (2014) articulates that Bobby has faced hard time in his school life because he doesn’t eat proper and lead to inadequate of nutritious requirements. These all makes his school life worse resembling lack of concentrations and being bullied at school.
This essay will discuss whether poverty exists in the UK in today’s current climate. To gain a greater understanding of this subject, terms such as relative poverty and absolute poverty will be acknowledged and defined appropriately. Additionally, major theories of poverty linked to the individualistic and the dependency culture will be discussed and evaluated, before giving insight into how poverty is measured by using evidence gathered from statistical information. Furthermore, the viability of these measurements in regards to patterns of poverty will be scrutinised and discussed. Once all avenues have been explored and understood, this essay will conclude whether poverty actually exists in the UK.
Even the mere inequality of wealth in a child’s social, cultural, or educational setting can have effects on a child’s peer to peer interactions, hierarchical structure and their ability to achieve. Gorard 2010 as discussed in Victoria Cooper, 2014 (p160), links poverty and or social deprivation with lower academic results. In the Xiao Bo case study by Child poverty research and policy centre, 2013 (Heather Montgomery, 2014) it demonstrates the multifaceted effects of poverty on a child, such as the stresses it places on the family to educate children, pressure on the children themselves to succeed in education to enable them to assist with family finances and lifestyle, the compromises and sacrifices made as a family unit in lifestyle and financial planning in order to pursue education of the child, as well as demonstrating the wide range of instigators that create inequalities of wealth, such as political/policy decisions, loopholes in aid assistance, cost of education and unequal access to resources. In 2001 the Millennium development goals were set out in response to the millennium summit of the united nations to reduce poverty and its associated issues, of the eight goals, the first goal was to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, demonstrating the comprehension of the wide ranging affect of poverty on children and society as a whole, and an understanding that poverty ‘Damages children in every way’ as stated by Unicef
" Effects of Poverty, Hunger and Homelessness on Children and Youth." American Psychological Association ,www.apa.org/pi/families/poverty.aspx. Accessed 2 Mar. 2017.
in the UK over the past few years but many of the new jobs have been
Poverty is “the inability to acquire enough money to meet basic needs including food, clothing and shelter” (Gosselin,2009). This social disadvantage limits one’s ability to receive a quality education and it is a constant problem throughout the world accompanied with“deleterious impacts on almost all aspects of family life and outcomes for children”(Ravallion,1992). Poverty is a main factor that affects normal human growth and development in a variety of ways, primarily impacting children’s early development, social behaviour, health, and self worth.
Childhood development is both a biological and psychological period that occurs to every human from birth to adolescence. The transition from dependency to autonomy characterizes this period. The crucial factors that affect this period include parental life, prenatal development and genetics among others. Childhood period is immensely significant for the child’s future health and development. Efforts in ensuring proper child development are normally seen through parents, health professional and educators who work collectively. Such efforts are essential in making sure that children grow to reach their full potential. However, it is not extremely easy to raise a child in modern times because certain factors emerge to ruin this pivotal stage in life. Poverty is a serious problem that can immensely affect childhood development (Horgan, 2007). Children are susceptible developmentally to problems in their earliest period of their life. Poverty is not a selective issue and it can affect all ages in any place, but its
Huston, A. C. (Ed.). (1994, August 26). Children in Poverty: Child Development and Public Policy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Poverty can have damaging effects on children. Poverty rates amongst children are higher than another other age group according to Dalaker, 2001. Though there have been many improvements made, there are still approximately 1.2 million children still living in poverty. In terms of race and ethnicity, the poverty rate for children under 18 years of age are as followed; 30% African American, 29% Latino and 13% White. This extenuates the statistics ...
Slide 1- what is child poverty: When you hear the term child poverty what comes to mind? ( first ask the audiences opinion, then state my own opinion) Child poverty denies children with the basic needs to survive, expand and flourish, it also deprives children from having equal opportunities such as attending school, having a roof over their head or having a warm meal to eat. Children that unfortunately face poverty have a higher chance of being abused, discriminated or exploited due to their poor living circumstances. "Poverty shows a strong association with child maltreatment, particularly neglected. The NIS-3 study, for example found that children from families with an annual incomes below $15000 in 1993 were 22 times more likely to be harmed by child abuse compare to a families with an annual income above $30000." [1] ( Once I am finished explaining I will play the introduction video to child poverty)
When analyzing children growing up in poverty a lot of factors come into play such as their physical, psychological and emotional development. To grow up in poverty can have long term effect on a child. What should be emphasized in analyzing the effects of poverty on children is how it has caused many children around the world to suffer from physical disorders, malnutrition, and even diminishes their capacities to function in society. Poverty has played a major role in the functioning of families and the level of social and emotional competency that children are able to reach. Children in poverty stricken families are exposed to greater and emotional risks and stress level factors. They are even capable of understanding and dealing with their own emotions as well as the emotions of others. Some of the implications of poverty include educational setbacks, issues with social behaviors and hindrances in psychological and physical development. Poverty deprives children of the capabilities needed to survive, develop and prosper in society. Studies have shown that the income status of a household and even the neighborhoods in which they reside can affect the amount of readily available resources needed to sustain a healthy child. This essay will examine the psychological and physical effects of poverty on children. The psychological aspect will include a look at behavioral problems in children, depression, chronic stress, and conduct disorders such as ADHD. Poverty is known to decrease the amount of psychological and physical capabilities in children which can have long term adverse effects on their wellbeing.
Poverty extends out over all continents, making it the most widespread negative factor. Out of the world’s 2.2 billion children, approximately half live in poverty according to UNICEF. Poverty claims approximately 22,000 children’s lives per day. This statistic illustrates the struggle children that live in poverty must face in order to survive. Poverty is a root cause of hunger, disease, and lack of shelter. It is concentrated in pockets in areas such as South Africa and South Asia. Children, who must...
Child poverty is a major and complex issue that New Zealand faces today. The degree is far more severe than the public's perception and it is a problem that we cannot afford to ignore. A combination of factors contributes to child poverty, from individual causes at the micro level to the macro collective government involvement. This occurs partly due to social construction and it is potentially avoidable. The consequences can impact on both individual and to a great extent affect significantly on the country as a whole. If the issue is not resolved, the inequality will continue, if not worsen and becomes an ongoing intergeneration cycle. 'The poor get poorer and poorer', children can easily fall into the poverty trap where it becomes nearly impossible to reach an end to this issue. The consequences of the disparity have a major outcome on the societal level.