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Where would you expect to find hydrothermal vents
Gene synthesis
Where would you expect to find hydrothermal vents
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Introduction
Synthesis is the process of producing a chemical compound usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds. For example, photosynthesis, the word photo means putting together with light. Photosynthesis is the process of converting sunlight into food for organic organisms such as plants. Photosynthesis is the basis of life for planet earth and without it; not only would we not be able to produce the fruits and vegetables that we consume, but the food to feed the animals that we eat. Plants absorb this sunlight which in turn makes oxygen in a process called respiration. This delicate cycle is what allows us to thrive on this planet. Although much of the life on this planet relies on photosynthesis in one way or another, there is another form of synthesis that is equally as important, chemosynthesis.
The deep sea is considered the largest, yet, least-known habitat on earth and covers about two-thirds of the earth. Every year, and every dive down to the mysterious depths of the deep-sea bring scientist closer and closer to unraveling the secrets of the unimaginable deep. This is where chemosynthesis takes place because there is no sunlight available in order for photosynthesis to take place.
How hydrothermal vents work
In 1977, in the Galapagos Islands, the first hydrothermal vents were found. Using a submersible called the Alvin, scientist were able to explore this alien world never known to have existed for the first time. Hydrothermal vents are chimney like structures on the ocean floor that release extremely hot, mineral rich water. This process is called Hydrothermal Circulation. Ocean water seeps into the earth, becoming increasingly hotter as it descends downward. As the water passes through the cracks of the earth, it is becoming enriched with metals and minerals until finally turning to a very acidic fluid. When the super heated water reaches about 700˚F (400˚C), the fluid rises and bursts through cracks in the sea floor. The super heated water mixing with the cold sea water causes a chemical reaction and forms particles of metal sulfide to cloud the water. The pieces of metal settle around the area of the crack, and over time, collect to form the chimneys of black smokers. One would assume that at the very bottom of the ocean, in 700˚F waters, that nothing could possibly exist here. Surprisingly, over 300 strange and unique species thrive only in these conditions.
What lives near hydrothermal vents?
First is Synthesis. Synthesis is a reaction in which two different substances are combined to create one substance. In a lab, slime was made as an example of a synthesis reaction. Combining
Linking with the idea of hydrothermal vents being a 'reactor' for RNA hydrothermal vents rely on chemical energy from geothermal vents to sustain a organisms. Swarms of bacteria thrive in this environment which acts as an interface between the high temperature vents and cold oxygenated seawater. The bacteria thrive on gases produced by the vents such as methane and use these chemicals to produce simple organic molecules to support the local ecosystem in a similar way to plants using photosynthesis. Wachtershauser has proposed that a biochemical cycle grew and assembled the first living cell.
Experiment #1: The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effects of baking soda and light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of green spinach leave through the observation of floating disk.
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are important in the cycle of energy to withstand life as we define it. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis have several stages in where the making of energy occurs, and have diverse relationships with organelles within the eukaryotic cell. These processes are central in how life has evolved.
The team of scientists consisted of a biogeologist, geochemist, and tectonic geologist with the common goal of understanding the coevolution of life and environ...
Review: The opportunity and endeavor of exploring the Earth’s oceans can reap great rewards for mankind and unravel many of the mysteries that the Earth has left to discover.
Levvit, Tom. "How Deep-sea Mining Could Destroy the." The Ecologist. N.p., 28 Oct. 2010. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. .
There are many types of trauma that people experience everyday in our world. People can do awful things to each other, including violence, abuse, and neglect. Accidents happen that leave us feeling distressed. Some threaten our sense of safety and connection. These are all experiences that take time to heal and recover from. We must find a way to reconcile the life we had before it happened and the life as we know it after a tragic event. The pain of the memories alone can be devastating. It takes time and support to find a sense of self again, to feel safe in the world again. But what if the trauma happened before life ever really began? Is there any lasting effect on a person that was merely an infant when the trauma was experienced? The research is growing on this topic and it reveals that there can definitely be some significant effects from infant trauma.
“Fermentation occurs in fruits, bacteria, yeasts, fungi, as well as in mammalian muscle”(Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx) . “Yeasts were discovered to have connection with fermentation as observed by the French chemist, Louis Pasteur” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx). “Pasteur originally defined fermentation as respiration without air” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx). “However, fermentation does not have to always occur in anaerobic condition” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx). “Yeasts still prefer to undergo fermentation to process organic compounds and generate ATP even in the presence of oxygen” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx). “However, in mammalian muscles, they turn from oxidative phosphorylation (of cellular respiration) to fermentation when oxygen supply becomes limited, especially during a strenuous activity such as intensive exercising” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx).
The deep sea is one of the most hostile environments in the world, which a living organism is subjected to. As you progress from the surface (the epipelagic zone) through to the abyssopelagic zone near the basin of the ocean; the environmental characteristics begin to alter dramatically. Light, pressure, oxygen, temperature and food are abiotic factors that have all led to the fascinating adaptations of deep sea life. Pressure alone increases by 1 atmosphere for each 10m in depth which is an astonishing rate. The deep sea temperature remains between 2-4°c, which is just another factor inhabitants must overcome in order to survive, along with a reduced quantity and accessibility of essential factor’s like ;oxygen, food and light[3].
("Photosynthesis - Biology-Online Dictionary") This process can be simplified in this equation: 6CO2+12H2O+energy=C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O. It means photosynthesis is a process in which carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and light energy are utilized to synthesize an energy-rich carbohydrate like glucose (C6H12O6) and to produce oxygen (O2) as a by-product. ("Photosynthesis - Biology-Online
Photosynthesis is the process of autotrophs turning carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen, using light energy from sunlight. Autotrophs are organisms that are able to produce nutrients and organic compounds using inorganic materials. Examples of autotrophs are green plants, algae, bacteria, etc. Organisms which are capable to photosynthesize are called photoautotroph. The chloroplasts (plant cell that contains chlorophyll) in autotrophs trap light energy from the sun and use it to combine carbon dioxide with split water to make food for themselves which are in the form of sugar, glucose, etc. Glucose in plants is made into a variety of molecules and chemicals to support its needs. Plant cells which contain complex chemical pathways add nitrogen and sulphur to produce amino acids and then protein. Plants make up their own cell membranes by rearranging carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and by adding phosphorus. We absorb chemicals produced by plants even though we can produce most of the chemicals we need because some chemicals like amino acids can only be obtained from plants. This shows that plants are crucial for animals as they are depended on it. Another function of photosynthesis is the waste product of the process is oxygen. Photoautotrophs transform carbon dioxide to oxygen when photosynthesizing. This is essential for life because oxygen is an important element for respiration which is performed by both autotrophs and animals.
This helps consumers called heterotrophs and autotrophs use organic molecules produced by photosynthesis as a building block for growth and repair and as a source of chemical energy for cellular work. (Mader, 2013) Photosynthesis produces an enormous amount of carbohydrate that humans use to convert it into coal.
Photosynthesis is plants taking in water, carbon dioxide, and light to make sugar and oxygen. All producers make oxygen and sugar for the secondary consumers and then the carnivores eat animals that eat the plants. This article explains how Photosynthesis happens in the Chloroplast of the plants organelle, if the Chloroplast wasn't in the plant Photosynthesis couldn't happen. If living things didn't breathe out CO2 then the plants would die and living things would have no way of getting oxygen. This article also proves that without photosynthesis, we would not live long. Photosynthesis can help us get the fresh water we need and make sure we have enough oxygen to
Photosynthesis is the process in which living cells from plants and other organisms use sunlight to produce nutrients from carbon dioxide and water, the image below “Diagram of photosynthesis 1,” helps show this process. Photosynthesise generally creates oxygen as a by-product through the use of the green pigment, chlorophyll, found in the plant that helps this reaction occur. “Photosynthesis provides us with most of the oxygen we need in order to breathe. We, in turn, exhale the carbon dioxide needed by plants,” (factmonster,2017). This is able to show us why photosynthesis is so greatly needed to occur through plants in order to give one another essentials needed for continuity of life. “Plants perform photosynthesis because it generates the food and energy they need for growth and cellular respiration,” (photosynthesieeducation, 2016).