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Thesis for ww2 chemical warfare
Texts on history of chemical warfare
Chemical weapons of mass destruction
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Since the third century A.D weapons that harness the power of chemical reactions have been used, intended for military use; however, in recent history terrorists have been able to acquire these gaseous weapons of mass destruction. After their release there is no possibility of containing chemical weapons as they are spread by the wind throughout a massive area. There are no moral implications for these weapons as they possess no positive use for society. Chemical weapons have plagued humanity since their creation with their unrestricted slaughter of soldiers and civilians, their use in mass genocides, and the damage caused to the environment. First, over the decades chemical weapons evolved becoming more lethal and easier to create causing the threat for a chemical attack to increase exponentially. Chemicals become weaponized substances designed to inflict bodily harm or kill humans (“Chemical Weapons”). Chemical warfare is the use of chemical weapons to kill enemies or civilians or to prevent the enemy from using resources, mainly agriculture (“Chemical Warfare”). The most common place chemical weapons prevalent around the world are sarin, VX, and mustard and tear gas (“Chemical Warfare”). These weapons are …show more content…
Mr. Johnathan Tucker stated “There is something horrendous about chemical poison weapons. I believe it’s their invisible nature and a deep human fear of poison” (“War of Nerves”). In 2001 letters were sent to senators labeled by what appeared to be fourth graders. These letters actually contained a poison called anthrax (“The Ethics of Chemical and Biological Weapons”). Thus showing a how easy it is to slip chemical weapons through protection. As construction becomes cheaper more less developed countries and terrorists are able to gain access to these weapons (“The Ethics of Chemical and Biological
3Brophy, L. (1959). The Chemical Warfare Service (1st ed.). Washington: Office of the Chief of
Guillemin, J. (2005). Biological weapons: From the invention of state-sponsored programs to contemporary bioterrorism Columbia University Press.
History has proven the use of chemical weapons ranging back for decades. From the Greeks in ancient Europe using Greek fire to South American tribes using a form of tear gas made of grounded up hot chili peppers to scare away enemy tribes. As well as dipping the tips of spear heads with a poisonous toxin. Poisonous toxins used from live reptiles like frogs and venom from the snakes found from whichever region had enough potency venom to exterminate. The past has proven, that in order for Armies to survive and win, it relied on out smarting the enemy. New technologies and the evolution of weaponry were left to the brightest minds from those eras to develop.
Almost thirty years after the last troops were pulled out of what was then South Vietnam, its effects are still felt in today’s society. It is hard not to find someone who’s life has not been affected because of this war. One of the most controversial decisions made in the war was to use chemicals to fight the enemy. The most boradly used chemiucal was called Agent Orange. Some people agreed with the use of Agent Orange. They saw it as a very viable weapon that needed to be used in order to keep the Communist from taking control of South Vietnam and subverting their democratic government. Many others disapproved of its use. They knew, correctly, that it would severely devastate the landscape of Vietnam and would forever ruin the land for agricultural use. They also knew of the harmful effect it would have once adults and children came in contact with the harmful chemicals that form the chemical make up of Agent Orange. Once the first bombs carrying Agent Orange were dropped there was no going back. For some people the use of Agent Orange changed their whole opinion of the war and what we were really fighting for. Pictures showing burns and disfigurement were soon to hit the presses. Once the American public could see exactly what was happening and how the civilian life was being treated impacted many people so much that they could no longer support what the United States was doing over in Vietnam. The goal of this paper is to show how the use of Agent Orange changed many people’s perspective of the war in Vietnam.
The two chemical weapons that were used were: nerve agent and mustard gas. Nerve agent has two main classes that are Class G and Class V. Class V is more new, however less fatal. The specific nerve agent used by the Iraqis is Cyclosarin. Cyclosarin is an extremely toxic substance used as a chemical weapon, which is a member of Class G. Cyclosarin is the most dangerous gas out of both classes. It is known to have a sweet smell and is also flammable unlike other nerve gases. Mustard gas on the other hand is yellow and smells like garlic. Both gases cause death in minutes and have long lasting effects. These can include diseases and other horrible problems. Many of these diseases cannot be cured, for the cells have been damaged and cannot be repaired.
“I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones” (Albert Einstein). This quote summarizes the actions of the US and European nations at that time and how all their goals about self empowerment raises an ideology that is toxic to them and all of society. Society is more focused on self empowerment rather than self preservation, as can be seen in the novel Three Day Road. Joseph Boyden expands upon the idea of how mankind is the root of evil that is sewed onto this perfectly tranquil and harmonious world. Humans, through various actions and ideologies are corrupting the world and decreasing
"Chemical Warfare Agents - Resources on the health effects from chemical weapons, emergency response & treatment, counterterrorism, and emergency preparedness.au.af." Specialized Information Services - Reliable information on toxicology, environmental health, chemistry, HIV/AIDS, and minority health. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2010.
Wilman, D. (2011, March 22). Report faults Army in 2001 anthrax mailings. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 16, 2013, from http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/mar/22/nation/la-na-anthrax-ivins-20110323/2history/famous-cases/anthrax-amerithrax
Chemical Warfare in WWI World War I was beginning to invent new ways to produce more casualties to the enemy’s force and reduce the probability of losing Soldiers from their own line of defense or offense. They did this by conducting extensive research in chemical warfare. At the same time, it will motivate the troops and win the hearts and minds of the people of their country if they had new ways of ending the war quickly. Chemical warfare affected tactics and techniques of warfare and almost changed the outcome of World War I. (LTG Carl E. Vuono) The French were the first to start experimenting on chemical agents in 1912.
Poison gas was perhaps the most feared weapon out of all. Created to overcome the long stalemate style of trench warfare, its purpose was to draw out soldiers hiding in the trenches. One side would throw the poison gas into the enemy trenches and they would either wait for their enemy to come out into open fire or perish in the trenches. The first poison gas used in battle was chlorine at the start of the Second Battle of Ypres on April 22, 1915 by the Germans. Shortly after, followed the phosgene. The effects of these gases were ghastly. Chlorine was the most deadly as "within seconds of inhaling its vapor, it destroys the victim's respiratory organs, bringing on choking attacks" (Duffy). Phosgene had similar effects, except the fact that the effects started kicking in after 48 hours of inhalation. In September 1917, the Germans introduced the mustard gas or Yperite which was contained in artillery shells against the Russians at Riga. Those exposed t...
Mustard gas was not the only example of chemical weaponry used during World War I. The first example of this was the Germans use of a gas called phosgene in mid-1915, which caused drastic damage to the lungs (Mack 2). The Germans began using mustard gas in 1916 and soon both sides began to use poison gas as a weapon. At a lab at American University, which at its peak employed over 1,200 scientists specifically to create chemical weapons for the war, a new gas called Lewisite was developed. Lewisite poisoned its victims through the skin and rendered gas masks useless against it. During the war as many as 50 different gases were used by both sides (Mack 2). When the war e...
Tu, Anthony. “Chemical Weapons Abandoned by the Imperial Army in Japan and China at the End of World War II.” Toxin Reviews 30.1 (2001): 1-5 Environmental Complete. Web. 15 Apr. 2014.
Chemical weapons are gases that can be used to injure people by inhalation or exposure to the skin, and biological weapons are bacteria, viruses, or poisons that are purposefully spread with intent to cause impairing or fatal diseases. The first known use of biological weaponry were poison tipped spears and arrows used by early civilizations, and it slowly advanced over time, having its use in siege warfare of medieval times. Poisonous substances would be burned to create fumes and dead bodies that had been killed by plague would be launched over fortress walls to cause disease inside the city. Other known uses were by the British in the French and Indian War when they gave Native Americans blankets that had been used by smallpox patients in an attempt to spread the disease. Chemical weapons saw their first use in WWI, when the Germans used chlorine gas against French troops at Ypres, France. Other chemical weapons used in the war were tear gas, phosgene, and one of the worst gases, mustard gas, which causes the skin to blister and brought about internal bleeding (Lee and Muhinda 1). After WWI, there was a large drop in the use of CBW’s due to the Geneva Protocol, but it did not completely stop their use. Arsenals of CBW’s still exist today, but it is unlikely they will be used in any major wars because of their military ineffectiveness and inferiority to other
...cy on biological warfare. During his visit to Fort Detrick, he announced that the United States would terminate all research on biological weapons. By the year 1972 the United States had completely destroyed all biological weapon stockpile. In return of this act the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention was held, As a result of 118 countries signed a agreeing not to develop, produce, or stockpile any form of biological weapon(Mayer p4). Unfortunately despite many laws passed over time, few countries have abided by them. Evidence of this came in the late 1970’s and early 1980’s there were reports that the Soviet Union was using biological weapons in Laos, Kampuchea, and Afghanistan (Mayer p 4).