Wood samples from Cupressus arizonica, Cupressus lusitanica, and Cupressus sempervirens were evaluated in terms of chemical, anatomical and pulp features in order to consider as raw-material for pulp production. Two 17-year-old trees per species were harvested and wood samples taken at two stem height levels (ground level and 2 m from the ground). Extractives and Klason lignin content were determined in the different wood samples. Wall thickness and tracheid diameter were determined for earlywood and latewood. Representative Wood chips from Pinus pinaster grown in Portugal and from Pinus sylvestris grown in Finland were used as references.
The average extractives content of the cypress woods was 3.9%, 3.3% and 2.5 %, respectively for C. lusitanica, C. sempervirens and C. arizonica. These values are lower than the corresponding values for the reference pines species (5.1 % for P. pinaster and 4.5 % for P. sylvestris). Klason lignin content ranged from 33 % to 36 % and was markedly higher than the values exhibited by the pinewoods (28.5 - 29.1 %).
Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus pinaster are the only hardwood and softwood used by the Portuguese pulp and paper industry. E. globulus is exploited in the production of bleached kraft pulps and transformed, generally, to office paper. Unbleached P. pinaster kraft pulps are obtained and converted, often to kraft liner and packaging paper.
Tree species diversification in the raw-material supply for forest-based industries is an acknowledged goal that could positively contribute to global forest sustainability, biodiversity and adaptation to climatic changes and natural hazards.
The environmental problems resulting from increasing world consumption of paper has stimulated research into t...
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...rom C. sempervirens has lower Klason lignin content and fibre characteristics that appear to be better suited for pulp and paper. The data on fibre characteristics reveals a very high variability.
2. The results showed that the wood samples from Cupressus exhibit lower yield and higher residual lignin content than the Pinus samples used. However with older trees this disadvantage could be overcome. Moreover, the P. sylvestris exhibits a slightly higher pulp yield than P. pinaster. As expected, chemical composition justifies the majority of the cooking results.
3. Some of the less favourable characteristics could be improved by using older trees. A more systematic study on the wood variability of different Cupressus species is therefore necessary to complement the knowledge on this raw material and assess its potential value for several uses as long fibre softwood.
Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata) and Pulp and Lumber Production. Introduction Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) is commercially one of the four most important conifers in the southeastern United States. In fact, shortleaf pine has the widest range of all southern pines, spreading from Florida to New Jersey and from North Carolina to Oklahoma. Sidney Investments, a firm based in Dallas, Texas, is considering the purchase of a 360-acre parcel of forested land located in the Quachita Mountains of eastern Oklahoma. This land has been under timber production through one rotation to this point.
These are very difficult questions for me personally to answer because I live in the Pacific Northwest, and I have seen the beauty of the old growth forests first-hand.
Each of these Pennsylvania evergreen species provides a variety of resources unique to their own species. Whether it be producing timbe...
Redwoods were named for the color of their bark and heartwood. These trees have a high resistance to fungus and diseases due to the high tanin content in the wood. The dense, fibrous bark has an even higher content, and acts as an insulator from periodic fires which have plagued the countryside for centuries. Though these trees are immense, they have delicate foliage. The needles are narrow and sharp-pointed, and combine to form feathery sprays. The cones are an inch long and typically contain fourteen to twenty-four seeds. The older trees offspring sprout form their parents' roots in order to take advantage of the established root system.
(Kumar et al., 2008a). Globally, 1.3 1010 metric tons of wood is produced by terrestrial
Talbot, M. (1944, December 27). Site preparation as an aid to sugar pine regeneration. Retrieved from http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_rn_os041/cfres_rn041.pdf
Many old-growth forests across the landscape of northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan contain a mixture of tree species rather than a monoculture. Many researchers have put forward ideas to explain the competition and co-existence of tree species in such communities. A theory explaining competition and co-existence between two species is gap regeneration. Gap regeneration is when a gap is created upon death of a plant individual and a new individual, sometimes of the same species as died and sometimes not dependent on environmental heterogeneity, takes its place (Kenneth Lertzman). Canopy gaps during gap regeneration can be explained by either reciprocal replacement or habitat preference . In a reciprocal replacement, seedlings of one species would be found predominately under large trees ...
Sweetgum (Liquidambar straciflua), also called Redgum, Sapgum, Starleaf-gum, or Bilsted, is a common bottomland species of the south where it grows biggest and is most abundant in the lower Mississippi Valley. This moderate to rapid growing tree often pioneers in old fields and logged areas in the uplands and Coastal plain and may develop in a nearly pure stand. Sweetgum is one of the most important commercial hardwoods in the southeast and the handsome hardwood is out to a great many uses, one of which is veneer for plywood. Birds, Squirrels, and chipmunks eat the small seeds. It is sometimes used as a shade tree.
Taking wood from rainforests and old-growth forests is detrimental to the environment and society. However, it is possible for us to have sustainable wood if we make an effort.
The Adirondack Indians knew what they were doing when they harvested the inner bark of Eastern White Pines as a valuable food resource. Pines are naturally procured in great quantities, and are quite nutritious. Knowing what parts of the pine tree are edible and how to prepare them could very well save your life. There are many parts of the pine tree that can help you out of a hungry situation.
extracted from the stem and used to make rope, stout fabrics, paper, fuel, food, plastic, composite
Perry, D. A. (1998). The Scientific Basis of Forestry, Annual Review of Ecology and System Thematic 29:435-466, Retrieved July 9, 2005 from: http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/policy/policy_and_events/index.cfm
The preparation of making wood into a pulp for papermaking is accomplished in two different ways. In the groundwood process, blocks of wood are held against a fast revolving grindstone that shreds off short wood fibbers from the block. The fibbers produced by this process are short and are used only in the production of cheap newsprint and used to be added with other types of wood fibber in the making of high-quality paper. Another technique uses a chemical-solvent processes where wood chips are treated with solvents that remove “resinous material and lignin” from the wood, leaving pure fibbers of cellulose.
People all across the world enjoy cherries for their sweet flavor in pies, candies, and pastries. They have become one of the most widely cultivated fruits in the world. As reported by the Columbia Encyclopedia Online (2000), they can be found in home orchards all across the country. However, the cherry tree has many uses. Some varieties are valued for their beautiful flowers, others for the wood that can be made into high quality furniture. Whatever the variety or use, the cherry tree is an important plant in today's society.
3. Sap Wood: Next to heart wood is sap wood. Sap wood is instrumental in the growth of trees through permitting sap to move upward. Annual rings in sap wood are less sharply divided and light in color. Sap wood may also be referred to as “laburnum”.