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Martin Luther ‘ s influence
Martin Luther ‘ s influence
Mention five contributions by both Martin Luther and John Calvin
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Early Modern Authors and Christian Humanism
Early modern authors owe a lot of things to Christian Humanism. Christian Humanism is taking a religious spin to humanity and the way people have transformed the world from Jesus’ teachings. There are many people in the reformation that contributed to Christian Humanism, Sor Juana, Margaret Fell, Martin Luther and John Calvin, to name a few. Christian Humanism was able to begin in a whole new way in the reformation because of the new advances in paper, the way people were able to write, and new ink. This led people to a whole new scholarly level, therefore, able to dig deeper than ever, which led to important tributes to Christian humanism.
First, Sor Juana owes a lot of her work to Christian humanity;
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In “Treatise on Christian Liberty” and “On the Jews and Their Lies” he is very focused on spiritual equality and that no one has authority over your self but yourself. Being a Christian humanist is about finding out what it means to be human through the lenses of being a Christian. Luther, who is eager to learn about the bible, is described as a Christian humanist. One of his claims is that works do not matter, because if you are saved they come naturally, and that works are a real representation of what is going on in your heart. Luther was big on communicating with God and human spirituality; he says, “Therefore there is need of the prayer that the Lord may give us and make us theodidacti, that is, those taught by God”.
Calvin and Luther are similar in that they both helped to reform the church as it is now. They both agreed that the path of wisdom starts with God. John Calvin probably owes the most to Christian humanism as anyone does. He wrote a commentary on many books in the New Testament after studying it for many years.
Sor Juana, Margaret fell, Calvin, and Luther all owe Christian Humanism plenty. Each one of these authors hit on the Humanity of Jesus and his teachings. Without Christian humanism, some of the texts we have today that made such a dent on literature could be completely
In Martin Luther’s Freedom of a Christian Man, Luther describes what he believes should be the relationship between faith and good works in the life of Christian people. His beliefs became integral to the Protestant and Lutheran ideologies. The basis of Luther’s pamphlet was “A Christian is a perfectly free lord of all, subject to none. A Christian is a perfectly dutiful servant of all, subject to all.” (31) This central thought provides readers dialogue on what is truly a selfless, act and if these acts do in fact have an effect on one’s
Martin Luther and King Henry VIII are similar in the sense that they both formed new churches, but their ways of going about it and goals were not even close. Luther’s ideas became the basis Protestant Church and Henry’s became the Church of England. Although, the end result of Luther and King Henry VIII’s actions was similar, their intents and actions differed from each other.
Established in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries to counter the limited ideals of medieval scholasticism, Renaissance Humanism were educational and social reform ideals that sought to emphasize individualism as a central value in contrast to religious beliefs. Humanists revered the dignity of human kind and called for a life of virtuous action. The writings of Petrarch and Pico exemplify humanist thought by displaying the values of self-knowledge, individualism, and studying lessons from the past; appealing to the authorities of the Greek and Latin classics by Cicero, Vergil, Horace, Plato and Livy. Petrarch and Pico’s thinking can be constituted as a marked departure from medieval attitudes and beliefs, due to the origins of humanist resources being classical and biblical rather stemmed from medieval philosophers and theologians.
In this essay Martin Luther comments upon the role of good works in a Christian's life and the overall goal of a Christian in his or her walk. He writes seventeen different sections answering the critics of his teachings. I will summarize and address each one of these sections in the following essay.
The book, Humanism: A Very Short Introduction, most definitely gives a clear and precise understanding of what exactly Humanism is and consists of. There are several different meanings behind the term and it means more than a person’s opinion on whether or not God truly exists. Humanists are very open-minded and believe that science and reasoning are tools that should be used to evaluate the human lifestyle. The history of humanism dates back to Ancient Greece and the days of Confucius who believed in the Golden Rule which is well known as being, “Do not unto another that you would not have him do unto you” (Law, 9). It appears ironic that both religious groups and humanists embrace such rule. In the beginning of the book, the author gives seven characteristics to help the reader better understand what humanism actually is.
In these Thesis’ Luther basically criticized the church’s wrongful practices and exposed the church’s corruption in order to bring about change in the church. Luther is quoted in Document 3 from his 95 thesis’ “Christian’s should be taught that he who gives to a poor man, or lends to a needy man, does better if he bought pardons.” Luther believed that actions, such as helping others did way more toward saving a person’s soul than buying a pardon did. He saw through the idea that one could by their way into heaven. He brought about new ideas such as God’s grace is the only way into heaven, not buying indulgences, or simply participating in church activities. His ideas eventually spread out all over Europe and his followers formed a group calling themselves Lutherans. This eventually became a protestant denomination, where Luther preached ideas, and his version of christianity. Also other reformist such as John Calvin had their own ideas, like predestination, and that everyone was full of sin until they were saved by christ. “We must resist the lust of the flesh, which, unless kept in order, overflows without measure.” (Document 6) Calvin believed that everyone was filled with this sinful “lust” that could not be kept in order without the power of christ. Calvin also started a sect of christianity nicknamed Calvinist after their leader. Both Luther and Calvin inspired others such as George Fox, who created quakerism, and Ulrich Zwingli who started anabaptism. Overall a huge force that drove the Protestant Reformation was reformers such as Martin Luther and John
Humanists had been calling for reform in the Catholic Church long before Martin Luther penned his Ninety-Five Theses. Humanism was an intellectual and cultural movement of the Renaissance that emphasized the expansion of mans’ capacities. “[Humanism] was an attempt to discover humankind’s own earthly fulfillment. . . [it] developed an increasing distaste for dogma, and embraced a figurative interpretation of the scriptures and an attitude of tolerance toward all viewpoints” (Sporre 310). This perspective could not differ more from the Church’s strict reliance on tradition. People’s outlook on the world changed, but the Church continued on with what had previously worked. It soon became clear that reform in the Church was not in the foreseeable future, so people decided to take matters into their own hands. As humanism spread throughout Italy and northern Europe, more and more people agr...
However, secular humanism removes the concept of absolute truth and replaces it with relativism. This has the potential to create classrooms and societies that are governed by those who have the most power and not by the truth of Scripture which seeks to protect the poor and the weak (Moreland, 2007). The only way that good will triumph over evil is if the truth of Christ’s death and resurrection is able to hold in check the sinful nature of mankind. A classroom that removes God from the picture is a classroom that will ultimately produce a society that ignores the needs of the weak and caters to the needs of the powerful. The Bible enables students to understand who they are, who God is and the realities of the world they live in (Graham, 2003). In contrast, secular humanism allows people to deceive themselves into thinking that they can overcome their sinful nature and create a perfect world apart from God (Moreland,
Luther preaches grace and in so free choice is abolished, suggesting that divine grace and human freedom are contradictory concepts. Because reconciliation between God and humans is made possible through the death of Jesus, God’s gift, it is foolish to assume that the exercise of freedom could have any relevance to salvation. Human freedom in Luther’s eyes is derived from the notion that individual’s are already saved through God’s righteousness and confirmed with the works of Christ, you are saved because of your possession of faith. "We reach the conclusion that faith alone justifies us and fulfils the laws; and this because faith brings us the spirit gained by the merits of Christ. The spirit, in turn, gives us the happiness and freedom at which the law aims.
John Calvin was born in 1509 a French Catholic. He later converted to Presbyterian and served as the great protestant systemizer. He wrote volumes in the "Institute for Christian religion" which laid out a protestant foundation.
An essential piece in the second reformation was John Calvin’s, The Institutes of the Christian Religion, also known as John Calvin’s Institutes. These writings had a huge effect on how people came to see religion at the time and has also molded our ideas for religion to this day. To give a better picture it should be said that John Calvin had similar ideas to Martin Luther, in a sense he wanted to take religion back to a pure focus on faith and no outside forces. In fact in 1533 Calvin had what he called a, “sudden conversion,” which is when he first came across Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis. The 95 Thesis was written to make everyone aware of the Catholic church’s corruption and also to get people to see the way religion should truly be practiced.
A central focus of the Renaissance was humanism. Humanism was an intellectual movement that claimed the heart of the Renaissance. Humanists studied the classical cultures of Greece and Rome. They used their newly acquired knowledge to develop a better understand of their own times. Humanists, although they were mostly Christian, did not focus of religion. Instead they were fixated on worldly subjects. It was believed that education should stimulate one’s creative mind. Humanists emphasized humanities, which are classic subjects such as grammar and poetry.
“John Calvin was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism” (CCEL). A prominent theologian during the Protestant Reformation, his Institutes of the Christian Religion is still widely regarded today, and Calvinism continues to retain an enthusiastic following.
The majority of the world’s population views humanism as an admirable worldview. It states that all humans are equal and have a sense of dignity, as well as possess reasoning capacities and the ability to think for themselves. According to its fundamental truth, all humans require respect and certain material and psychological needs. Although this concept is often seen as the ideal, there are two extremely different “sub-worldviews” within humanism: secular humanism and religious humanism.
The word humanism is a relatively broad term described by Merriam-Webster as, “a system of values and beliefs that is based on the idea that people are basically good and that problems can be solved using reason instead of religion”. While this seems a perfectly reasonable definition for the present day, it does not adequately apply to medieval society. If such a definition was used by a person from the 12th century, that person would likely be looked at incredulously and then swiftly called a heretic or a blasphemer. The role of religion in medieval society is too ingrained in the medieval world. Richard Southern provides a more likely definition of medieval humanism. He describes humanism as having “elements of dignity, order, reason and