Changes in Modern Day Mining Techniques

Since the dawn of civilization, pre-historic societies have practiced the technique of mining in order to obtain minerals from the earth that could be used for the production of weapons, ornamentation, and building of structures. As society has progressed in technology and the many uses of Earth’s resources are continually developing, mining still plays a major rule in the industry of many countries. By definition, mining is described as the extraction of minerals, precious metals, and other valuable materials from the Earth; in addition, these supplies are things that lack the ability of being produced by agriculture, or artificial manufacturing in laboratories or factories, thus rendering these resources unrenewable. Therefore, a broad definition of mining is the removal of a non-renewable resource from the earth which includes: base metals, uranium, iron, limestone, coal, rock salt, potash, diamonds, precious metal, petroleum, natural gas, and even water. Although the practice of mining is as archaic as the civilizations that first utilized the practice, modern mining greatly differs from the techniques of the past. Because of the advancement of modern technology and a higher demand for these non-renewable resources, present day mining is tremendously more evasive than its prehistoric form and with the vast increase in the world’s population greater amounts of materials are extracted from the earth in comparison to the amounts used by early civilizations.

As previously mentioned, the modern techniques used for mining are extremely different than those of prehistoric times. In the early history of mining, ancient peoples dug for materials close to the earth surface with make shift shovels and pics; as one could imagine, this...

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...old mining is the leading source of human-caused mercury emissions while the smelting of metals, including gold, is a primary source of arsenic emissions and other toxins”. Smelting, which is a particular method of metal extraction, releases toxins into the air such as: lead, nitrogen, sulfur ,mercury, zinc, cadmium, uranium, and sulfur dioxide, which leads to acid rain. In addition, smelters release very dangerous greenhouse gasses called peflurocarbons (pollution from aluminum smelters) which are almost 9,200 times more capable of heat-trapping than carbon ; moreover, these greenhouse gasses will remain in the atmosphere for tens of thousands of years. All of the above listed environmental tribulations caused by mining have the potential to irreversibly harm the planet, however, mining also impacts the world socially, economically, politically, and culturally.