Challenges Of Transcultural Nursing

If there is evidence of nurturing caring behaviours with the use of culture-specific care, there will be more signs of well-being and fewer signs of illness. According to Leininger (1991), Transcultural nursing is application of comparative study of cultures to understand similarities and differences across human groups during nursing process (Leininger, 1991). Culture, religion, ethnic, ethnicity, cultural identify, culture-universals, culture specifies, material/non-material culture, subculture, bicultural, diversity, acculturation, cultural shock ethnic groups ethnic identity, race, cultural awareness, culturally congruent care and culturally competent care are key words used in transcultural nursing. In modern world, there are huge challenges

Leininger was the founder of transcultural nursing and was honoured as a living legend of the American Academy of Nursing. She introduced her theory of “cultural care diversity and universality” with the model called “sunrise” in 1975. She divided transcultural nursing into three models: establishment of field (1955-1975), program and research expansion (1975-1983) and establishment of transcultural nursing worldwide (1983 to present). She launched programs for higher educational preparations where no cultural knowledge was exist among the society. Afterwards in 1970’s the Transcultural Nursing society was originally established. It leads to integrate the members of the society with advanced ideas of trans-culturlisum. Today it has expanded to a large organization delivering active consultation, conducting researches and teaching specifically transcultural areas. This society’s publication “The Journal of Transcultural Nursing was initiated in 1989 which focused on dimensions of transcultural nursing phenomenon (Murphy.S.C, 2006). Apart from indigenous people, there is a large proportion of immigrants in Australia. In such a situation, multicultural identifies with a range of cultural beliefs and values especially in use of health care technology have escalated. Simultaneously, rise in feminism and gender issues with new demands of women and children, increase in

61% of them were from non-English speaking countries (Vogel.S, 2014). So Australia is a multicultural country which has impacted on both society and healthcare system, Particularly, Australia has become a strong, richer nation by asking migrants to share their culture, language with their citizens. Hence, diversity exists among people who are from different social and cultural characteristics such as different lands, climate and settings are some variations that influence diversity. In that case, transcultural nursing is important as Australia compounded with multi cultures (Omeri.A & Raymond.L, 2008). Therefore, health care delivery for rural community settings and urban settings are relevant in relates to the cultural diverse clients. For example an indigenous patient may not come to urban areas as they live with their environment and as nurses need to understand their needs. However the needs, thoughts, beliefs and customs may differ of every each person, culture, place they live. That is reason that transcultural is important and demanding in modern world. As a country there is a responsibility of authorities to supply adequate health care services to each person who lives in Australia. Because human being is one of the precious things in the world, so that everyone needs to be healthy and wealthy to develop and maintain a