Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Drawing conclusions on the major differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Drawing conclusions on the major differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Drawing conclusions on the major differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Cell Essay
Cells were first discovered by Van Leeuwenhoek. He coined the term cell. After cells were discovered the cell theory came out which states. All living things are made of cells, cells come from preexisting cells, and cells are the smallest unit of organized life. When Van Leeuwenhoek first discovered cells he described them as looking like monk's cell room. There are two main types of cell Prokaryotes cells and Eukaryotes cells. Eu means true. Eukaryote cells have a true nucleus. Kary means nucleus. Cyto means cell. Prokaryote and Eukaryotes have a nucleus. Pro means before. Prokaryotes came before eukaryotes which means they are primitive. Prokaryotes are bigger than eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are smaller than eukaryotes. Prokaryotes
…show more content…
Ribosomes are the most numerous and they reproduce the most. Ribosomes are made up of proteins. Ribosome are located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes can be classified as free floating and bond ribosomes. Free floating ribosomes stay in the cell. Bond Ribosomes make proteins that are exported from the cell. Bond ribosomes are stuck to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes are used as energy and food for the cell. They can be packaged and exported to different parts of the cell.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum makes proteins that are packaged and exported from the cell. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is connected to the nuclear envelope and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not contain ribosomes. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes lipids and steroids. It detoxifies toxins and stores
…show more content…
Hydrogen Peroxide is then broken down into water and oxygen. Valcule and vesicles are a large storage sacs that store water, and sugar. Valcule are larger in plants and take up 90% of the cells space. Protist located in the valecules pump out things so the valecule does not explode. Lysosomes are digestive organelles. Lysosomes eat any damaged organelles and waist. Lysosomes contain digestive organelles. If it was to bust it would kill the cell do to its digestive enzymes. Some lysosomes do this on purpose. This is called apoptosis. The cytoskeleton provides structural support and cell motility. Cells do divide. There are many stages of cell division like prophase and metaphase. We still have a lot to learn about cells but with new technology and more research we can one day understand cells
There are many different cells that do many different things. But all of these cells fall into two categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and are larger in size than prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus, are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. Two of their similarities are they both have DNA as their genetic material and are covered by a cell membrane. Two main differences between these two cells are age and structure. It is believed that prokaryotic cells were the first forms on earth. They are considered primitive and originated approximately 3.5 billion years ago. Eukaryotic cells have only been around for about a billion years. There is strong evidence that suggests eukaryotic cells may be evolved from groups of prokaryotic cells that became interdependent on each other (Phenotypic analysis. (n.d.).
Eukaryotic Cells are Deemed as a Result of the Evolution of Symbiotic Prokaryotes Both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells over time have sustained very dynamic changes from one another. More specifically we have seen the appearance of a more complicated and organized cell structure, the nucleus. However the big question amongst scientists today is how did these changes first occur? A fundamental concept of this evolution is the belief in the natural progression 'from the simple, to the more complex.' However one popular theory that argues that Prokaryotic symbiosis was responsible for forming the Eukaryotic nucleus is the 'Endosymbiotic Theory' this theory was first proposed by a former Boston University Biologist known as Lynn Margulis in the 1960's.
The ribosomes are like the chefs of the restaurant because the chefs produce food for the patrons of the restaurant in the same way that the ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins in the cell. The Endoplasmic Reticulum is like the kitchen in the restaurant because the kitchen is where food is produced and cooked in the same way that the endoplasmic reticulum helps in the cell. The mitochondria/chloroplast is like the stove and oven in the restaurant because the stove and oven produced the energy for the food to cook and bake in the same way that the mitochondria supplies energy for the cell to use. The cytoplasm is like the dining room of the restaurant because the dining room allows the customers and other staff to move around and have space to sit in the same way that the cytoplasm allows molecules to move around the cell. The golgi apparatus is like the waiters of the restaurant because the waiters put in the order for a dish,receive it, and then carry it out from the kitchen to deliver to the customer in the same way that the golgi apparatus
This happens because the mitochondria now has more surface area connecting it to its surroundings. The processes that the mitochondria make are to break down the high energy organic molecules into smaller more useful packages. The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubes and channels that transport and with the help of ribosomes produce proteins. The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes which are not present in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, and Lysosomes. (2013). In Scitable Nature Education. Retrieved December 09, 2013, from http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/endoplasmic-reticulum-golgi-apparatus-and-lysosomes-14053361
Prokaryotic cell: have no membrane covered organelles, they also have circular DNA and bacteria, Eukaryotic cell: have membrane covered organelles, they also have linear DNA and all other cells. Also the cell cycle is short in prokaryotic cells, roughly taking about 20-26 minutes to complete. And in eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle is long, it usually takes about 12-24 hours to complete. Below is a table of some of the differences between the cells:
Q1.The cell cycle is the series of events which occur in a cell leading to its division and replication.
The start of any evolutionary story told about us lies within the origin of the eukaryote cell. This remarkable event consisted of a revolution of cell type matched in momentousness by the arrival on the biological scene of the prokaryote (O’Malley). Bacteria had a couple billion years head start on eukaryotes and have given rise to many biochemical processes that are essential to the ecosystem (Wernergreen). One organism living within another defines endosymbiosis. Nobody can say the exact origin of the eukaryote cell. The endosymbiosis theory dates back to the earliest 20th century and devotion to different models of its origins is strong and adamant (O’Malley).
... over normal proliferating cells (Figure 1) It is important to target events taking place at the same time in the cell cycle in order to boost effectiveness of the arrest and the results. In addition, it is important to characterize tumors precisely in order to clarify where the deficiencies on the cell cycle control are accrued and which of the phases have to be targeted for successful therapy. Furthermore, in the future, identification of new tumor specific isoenzymes will be necessary to characterize the cell cycle accurately and comprehend the differences between normal cells and cancer cells for the design of novel anticancer therapies (Diaz-Moralli, et al. 2013).
The cell cycle is the process by which cells progress and divide. In normal cells, the cell cycle is controlled by a complex series of signaling pathways by which a cell grows, replicates it’s DNA and divides, these are called proto-oncogenes. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations. This process has mechanisms to ensure that errors are corrected, if they are not, the cells commit suicide (apoptosis). This process is tightly regulated by the genes within a cell’s nucleus. In cancer, as a result of genetic mutations, this process malfunctions, resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation. Mutations in proto-oncogene or in a tumour suppressor gene allow a cancerous cell to grow and divide without the normal control imposed by the cell cycle. A change in the DNA sequence of the proto-oncogene gives rise to an oncogene, which
The Animal Cell is a little bit different than the Plant Cell for only a couple of reasons. One is how the Plant Cell has a cell wall and the Animal Cell doesn’t. The cell wall protects and gives structure to the cell. Then there is the Nucleus, which serves as a control center for the cell. Inside the Nucleus there are one or more Nucleoli. They are dense, granular bodies that disappear at the beginning of cell division and reappear at the end. Then you have the Cytoplasm. This is the watery material lying within the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus. The Cytoplasm also contains organelles, which have specific functions in the cell metabolism. Then there are the Golgi Bodies, which serve as processing, packaging, and storage for the cell. These organelles package and ship things out. Another parts of the cell, a very important one in fact, are the Lysosomes. These organelles are used to break things down and contain enzymes.
Second, cells are the smallest units of life and third, cells arise only from preexisting cells. These three facts are referred to as the cell theory. All cells can be categorized into two basic cell types. They are prokaryotic and eukaryotic. To distinguish where cells are placed in the two categories, what is inside the cell must first be looked at.
There are six mechanisms of cell injury; ATP depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ entry, mitochondrial damage, membrane damage, and protein misfolding/DNA damage. ATP depletion is when there is a loss of mitochondrial ATP and decreased ATP synthesis. This will result in cellular swelling, decreased protein synthesis, decreased membrane transport, and lipogenesis, all changes that contribute to loss of integrity of plasma membrane. Reactive oxygen species is when a lack of oxygen causes a progression of cell injury in ischemia. Destruction of cell membranes and cell structure is caused by activated oxygen species. Ca2+ entry is when ischemia and certain chemicals cause an increase in cytosolic Ca2+. This increase of Ca2+ causes damage
This report provides an insight into the differences in the structure of cells and the way that they carry out their internal mechanisms. Cells form the basis of all living things and they are the smallest single unit of life. Cell biology is the study of cells and how they function, from the subcellular processes which keep them functioning, to the
What is the cell cycle? It’s the way we reproduce. A series of events lead up from the beginning that which gives them life to the splitting of cells, The separate steps make up this very important process. Without the division of cells, we simply would not be here today.