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The importance of DNA in the human cell
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Recommended: The importance of DNA in the human cell
Biology is the study of life of living organisms, divided into specialized fields that cover the differences in them. In my collage I included a quick, easy and understandable diagram of the Cell Cycle. The Cell Cycle is a major part of biology in my standpoint since almost all of the human anatomy is made from cells. I covered the 4 phases of mitosis, which include: Prophase,Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. I will tell a little about each. Prophase is the first phase to mitosis. This is when the nucleolus disappears and the chromatids condense together. During the Metaphase the chromatids attach to the spindle fibers, in which they meet in the middle of the cell. The next stage is Anaphase, during this stage the chromosomes move away from …show more content…
What is DNA? DNA is the genetic material that makes us different from one another. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic Acid. On my poster I have all the different bases paired together. Adenine pairs with thymine, Thymine pairs with Adenine, Cytosine pairs with Guanine and last must not least Guanine pairs with Cytosine. For humans to be made we use Meiosis. Meiosis is the cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a parent by half. This simply means we are given 23 chromosomes from our mother and 23 chromosomes from our father that gives us such a diverse look. It is important that Meiosis is taught because it educates us on the biology way of how we all were made.
Have you heard about the pH scale? I hope soo! The pH scale tells how acidic, basic or neutral a substance is. The lower the pH the more acidic the substance will be. Some acidic things include the following: Battery acid, Hydrochloric acid , lemon juice, vinegar etc. The higher end of the pH scale include the basic substances. Some basic substances include soap, bleach , oven cleaner, washing detergent etc. The neutral part of the pH scale includes ONLY pure water. There are no added chemicals to pure water. Number 7 on the pH scale is the only neutral
Cell cycle events portray some differences between different living things. In all the three living things, their cells divide, a process referred to as mitosis. The mitosis stage differs and it encompasses four phases. During development, the cell cycle functions endlessly with newly created daughter cells directly embarking on their path to mitosis. Bacteria cells separate forming two cells after every thirty minutes under favorable conditions. However, the eukaryotic cells take quite longer compared to bacteria cells to develop and divide. Nevertheless, in both animals and plants, cell cycle is usually highly regulated to prevent imbalanced and excessive growth. Both animals and plants are known as eukaryotes meaning that their DNA exists inside their cells’ nuclei. Therefore, their cells as well as mitotic processes are similar in various ways (Eckardt, 2012).
DNA is the genetic material found in cells of all living organisms. Human beings contain approximately one trillion cells (Aronson 9). DNA is a long strand in the shape of a double helix made up of small building blocks (Riley). The repeat segments are cut out of the DNA strand by a restrictive enzyme that acts like scissors and the resulting fragments are sorted out by electrophoresis (Saferstein 391).
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule found in in the nucleus of all cells in the body which carries our genetic information. DNA is found in the form of chromosomes, with a total of 23 pairs in the human body1. DNA holds the genetic coding for all our characteristics, i.e. our eye colour, body shape, and how we interact with others on a daily basis.
The book Genome by Matt Ridley tells the story of the relationship between genome and life by examining the twenty three chromosomes of the human DNA. Each chromosome literally and metaphorically becomes a chapter in the literal and metaphorical book of DNA. In this book of DNA, Ridley examines a particular aspect of the chromosomes chapter by chapter to see how it affects life and humanity’s understanding of life, humans and genetics itself. Although each chapter dives into different aspects of DNA and gathers stories as varied as the genes’ applications, Ridley connects them with important ideas about life and humanity’s understanding of life.
Base being Baking Soda, or Sodium Bicarbonate, and the acid being Vinegar, or Acetic Acid for a control. I measured 10 ml. of Vinegar, dumped that into a two inch high glass jar, and wrote down the pH level. Then I measured o...
The process of mitosis can take place in either a haploid (23 chromosomes) or a diploid (46 chromosomes) cell. Before a cell can be ready for a mitotic division it must primarily undergo its interphase stage. Following the interphase stage several other stages come into play. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During each specific stage certain sequences of events take place that assist to the completion of the division.
... over normal proliferating cells (Figure 1) It is important to target events taking place at the same time in the cell cycle in order to boost effectiveness of the arrest and the results. In addition, it is important to characterize tumors precisely in order to clarify where the deficiencies on the cell cycle control are accrued and which of the phases have to be targeted for successful therapy. Furthermore, in the future, identification of new tumor specific isoenzymes will be necessary to characterize the cell cycle accurately and comprehend the differences between normal cells and cancer cells for the design of novel anticancer therapies (Diaz-Moralli, et al. 2013).
Mitosis is the process by which the cell replicates itself and is left with two exact cells.
The cell cycle is the process by which cells progress and divide. In normal cells, the cell cycle is controlled by a complex series of signaling pathways by which a cell grows, replicates it’s DNA and divides, these are called proto-oncogenes. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations. This process has mechanisms to ensure that errors are corrected, if they are not, the cells commit suicide (apoptosis). This process is tightly regulated by the genes within a cell’s nucleus. In cancer, as a result of genetic mutations, this process malfunctions, resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation. Mutations in proto-oncogene or in a tumour suppressor gene allow a cancerous cell to grow and divide without the normal control imposed by the cell cycle. A change in the DNA sequence of the proto-oncogene gives rise to an oncogene, which
Cell cycle is a complex mechanism that governs the cell growth and proliferation. Cell proliferation contributes to the continuity of life by producing cells, replenishing cells which undergone to cellular differentiation to acquired specialized phenotypes (function and morphology) to carry out living mechanism and towards the end-point-cell-death. Cell proliferation is determined by both extracellular signals such as cytokines and mitogen, and intrinsic cellular factors. Interactions of extracellular signals with intrinsic cellular factors trigger the biochemical events of cell proliferation. In the case of acquired immunity, proliferation is the important state after lymphocytes encountered to antigen presentation, and then leads to their effectors functions. Cell cycle regulators control the appropriate entry and progression throughout the cell cycle event. Thus, any cell cycle deregulation will potentially lead to tumourigenesis. (Malumbres and Carnero 2003)
... have been doing a phenomenal job of figuring this out. DNA is the chemical in each cell that carries our genes. DNA is the source of just about everything. It not only determines what we look like, but also many other things. Instructions are on some of our genes to let them know when they need to multiply and divide. Cancers can be caused by DNA defects.
The simplest experiment for this type of situation would be to use red and blue litmus paper to distinguish between acids, bases and salts. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) makes blue litmus paper change color going from blue to red, making it an acid. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) makes red litmus paper change color going from red to blue, making it a base. Sodium chloride solution (NaCl) is neutral, since it would only soak blue and red litmus paper, considering that it is a by product of when an acid and a base mix together, neutralizing each other.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a self-replicating molecule or material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent in chromosomes. It encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses. Simply put, DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce. The discovery and use of DNA has seen many changes and made great progress over many years. James Watson was a pioneer molecular biologist who is credited, along with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, with discovering the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. The three won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1962 for their work (Bagley, 2013). Scientist use the term “double helix” to describe DNA’s winding, two-stranded chemical structure. This shape looks much like a twisted ladder and gives the DNA the power to pass along biological instructions with great precision.
The Cell, the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms, such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa, others, such as nerve, liver, and muscle cells, are specialized components of multicellular organisms. In another words, without cells we wouldn’t be able to live or function correctly. There are Animal Cells and Plant Cells. In Biology class the other day we studied the Animal Cell. We were split into groups of our own and we each picked a different animal cell slide to observe. My group chose the slide,'; Smeared Frog Blood ';.
What is the cell cycle? It’s the way we reproduce. A series of events lead up from the beginning that which gives them life to the splitting of cells, The separate steps make up this very important process. Without the division of cells, we simply would not be here today.