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The disintegration of yugoslavia
Ethnic cleansing in Yugoslavia
A summary of the disintegration of Yugoslavia
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Cause of Yugoslavia's Revolution The key terms of the question are the terms 'primordial hatreds' of
the nationalities involved and also the time period that is set, the
1990s. The term primordial is an adjective defined as "existing at or
from the beginning."[1] To address the question I will discuss the way
in which the violent disintegration of the former Yugoslavia was due
to this, and also to the extent that it was caused by other factors
for example the economic collapse as each factor can only present part
of the whole story with the latest conflict being an instalment in the
saga.
Throughout history the Balkans has been a hotbed for conflict, from
the two Balkan wars to one of the factors causing the Great War.
However the disintegration was a war of recognised nations, involving
ethnic Croats; they were in the main protesting the nationalistic
policies of President Trudjman. Ethnic Serbs were opposing Slobodan
Milosevic. The case of Bosnia is slightly more complex with both
ethnic Serbs and ethnic Croats identifying themselves as Bosnians as
opposed to those who saw themselves as Bosnian Serbs or Bosnian
Croats.[2] These nations were members of Yugoslavia, later to become
the independent states of Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Macedonia and Serbia. The participants were all members of the
Yugoslav state and gained recognition as states later, after it's
collapse. It is often described as a "clash of civilisations - between
civilised and barbarian, Western and Balkan."[3]
There are many theories as to the causes of war; International
Relations...
... middle of paper ...
...ttkopf, "World Politics", 2001
Oxford Quick Reference Dictionary, 1998
Wiberg H, "Social security and the explosion of Yugoslavia", in O
Weaver et al, Identity, Migration and the New Social Security Agenda
in Europe, 1993
[1] Oxford Quick Reference Dictionary, 1998, pp709
[2] Woodward S, "War: Building States from Nations" in T Ali ed.,
Masters of the Universe, Nato's Balkan Crusade, (2000), pp 254
[3] Woodward S, "War: Building States from Nations" in T Ali ed.,
Masters of the Universe, Nato's Balkan Crusade, (2000), pp 254
[4] Kegley and Wittkopf, "World Politics", 2001, pp 416
[5] Glenny M, "The Balkans, 1804-1999", 2000, pp635
[6] Wiberg H, "Social security and the explosion of Yugoslavia", in O
Weaver et al, Identity, Migration and the New Social Security Agenda
in Europe, 1993, pp 98-9
In fact, sometimes it is actively encouraged as part of preserving the culture and the traditional aspects of the nation in question; for example, routine celebrations of national holiday and the wearing of cultural clothing demonstrate moderate forms of nationalism. However, it is when extreme pride in one’s nation leads to acts that contravene common decency that the forces of nationalism become dangerous. A historical example of such an event was the Bosnian war and the resulting Bosnian genocide that occurred shortly after the partition of Yugoslavia in the early 1990’s. In this event, extreme Serbian nationalism called for the unity of the Serbian peoples in Bosnia-Herzegovina - an event that echoes the words of the source. Serbian leaders and followers believed that their culture and people were superior to that of the neighbouring ethnic groups - the Bosniaks and the Croatians - and thought that they needed to be eliminated because of the potential threat they posed to the establishment of an autonomous Serbian Republic, or “Greater Serbia”. In the course of the war, and the ethnic cleansing that followed, more than 100,000 Bosniaks and Croatians were to be killed in a mass act of genocide. This appalling and gruesome figure shows the extent to which extreme nationalism is unacceptable and how unification of a people by force is both detrimental and wrong on all
In 1992 (and with resolutions created earlier) Kosovo's Albanian majority also voted to secede from Serbia and Yugoslavia, hoping to unite with Albania. The conflict in Kosovo could be seen as t...
It was created out of the Austria-Hungary empire that lost the war and lost its land. Serbians, Croatians, Slovenes, and Bosnians and Muslims lived all in one country. The problem was the people didn't get along and each republic wanted to take control of the country. This went on until after WWII, when the Soviet Union took power and control over the country. Joseph Broz (Tito) was leader of Yugoslavia until the 6 republics separated.
... that other republics felt to the need to be the same so that they did not become disadvantaged. Exaggeration was an integral part of the huge amounts of propaganda being beamed at the common people, all in an attempt to imbue them with the nationalist ideologies (Rogel 45). The Serb death count at Jasenovac was a wildly varying number, grossly overinflated by the Serbs and downplayed by the Croats. The Serbs even asserted that the Bosnia was just an administrative creation of Tito, designed to thwart the rights of the Serbs (Rogel 43). The Croats countered that the whole Yugoslav system under the communists had been run for the benefit of the Serbs, and Croatia had borne the economic brunt of it. All of this propaganda was disseminated in order to make the common get people feeling anxious enough that they felt it was necessary to take up arms to defend themselves.
Bosnia is one of several small countries that emerged from the break-up of Yugoslavia, a multicultural country created after World War I by the Western Allies. Yugoslavia was composed of ethnic and religious groups that had been historical rivals, even bitter enemies, including the Serbs (Orthodox Christians), Croats (Catholics) and ethnic Albanians (Muslims).
Blau, J. (2004). The dynamics of social welfare policy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.
This mini-paper will discuss the social welfare system. The mini-paper includes a discussion of welfare Policy, residual and institutional approach, and what is Social Welfare and Social Security. Midgely, (2009), pointed out that social welfare systems deliver services that facilitate and empower our society, especially to those persons who require assistance in meeting their basic human needs. The goal of social welfare is to provide social services to citizens from diverse cultures, and examples include Medicare, Medicaid, and food benefits. Midgley,( 2009).
(9) Research of authoritarianism in Yugoslavia carried out in the nineties shows a very high degree of authoritarianism of examines (2/3 of examines show it toward leaders), Z. Golubovi}, B. Kuzmanovi}, M. Vasovi}, Dru{tveni karakter i dru{tvene promene u svetlu nacionalnih sukoba, Institut za filozofiju i dru{tvenu teoriju "Filip Vi{nji}", Belgrade, 1995, p. 338. The research in 1996 show a decline of authoritarianism toward leaders among 55% of examines, Legitimnost politi~kog sistema i vrednosni profil gra|ana Jugoslavije, p. 9
Although Milosevic was a key figure during this period whose actions undoubtedly influenced the chain of events that unfolded, I believe his power-seeking motives were not unique to him; his actions in the former Yugoslavia could have been committed by a number of others who had the same desire for power driving them. Nevertheless, as he was president of Serbia and essentially commander-in-chief of Serb forces who carried out unconscionable acts of cruelty against Muslims and other non-Serb civilians, particularly in the attempt to annex Bosnia-Herzegovina, he bears responsibility for his actions as an authority figure. Though his main goal seemed to be focused on territorial expansion of the Serbian state, he led military forces to deport and murder non-Serb civilians in massive numbers and therefore was in vi...
I think that the First World War was the product of long-standing rivalries rather than a badly mismanaged Balkan Crisis because it was these rivalries that led to the Balkan Crisis. The Balkan Crisis may appear mismanaged because previous crises such as those in Morocco in 1905 and 1911 did not result in war.
Serbia used to be a part of a large country called Yugoslavia, which split up into seven separate countries due to a number of political disruptions and conflicts. These 7 countries are known today as Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Republic of Macedonia Slovenia and Montenegro. The Turkish were affected by the first Balkan war as they were almost wiped out and it took years for them to rebuild the population, infrastructure, economy, as it did with Serbia as well. As people and technology evolved over time so have the two countries and their ways of
Yugoslavia came to be because of a group of people wanted their own nation, and worked out as the Allies of Britain wondered what could come of dominating the Austro-Hungarians. The beginning of Yugoslavia is well known, but why did the country fall apart completely? As stated in the thesis, there was always a sense of nationality and diversity between the republics of the nation. The six never came together as one nation, and if there would have, many of Yugoslavia 's conflicts would have ceased to happen.
Following the death of Josef Stalin in 1953, the harsh policies he implemented in not only the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, but also its many satellite nations began to break down. There was a movement to distance all of the socialist nations from Stalin?s sadistic rule. In the Peoples? Republic of Hungary, there was much disillusionment with this Stalinist absolutism (Felkay 50). This disillusionment with the Soviet ideal of socialism lead the people of the fledgeling socialist state of Hungary to rise up in revolt, but ill-preparedness and the strength of the Soviet Red Army put down the insurrection within several days.
Causes such as poverty, Soviet power, and change of Hungarian life ultimately led to the primary uprising known as the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. This event not only portrayed the initial precursor of instability, but also rebellion inside the Soviet Iron Curtain. The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 included effects such as a massive decrease in the global Communist party, an increase of the policy Containment in the Western Hemisphere, and polarization of the Cold War. In the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, The U.S.S.R. principle of peaceful negotiation greatly faltered due to the Soviet practice of intervention and immense destruction of the Hungarian people.
Juka, S.S., Kosova: The Albanians in Yugoslavia in Light of Historical Documents. New York, NY: Waldon Press, Inc., 1984