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Effects of Japanese internment camps
Effects of internment camps on Japanese Americans
Japanese american internment DBQ
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Japanese internment was the capturing of Japanese-Americans into Internment Camps, or a prison camp for the “aliens”, prisoners of war, political prisoners etc. It started after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. 127,00 Japanese- Americans were imprisoned. The only reason they were imprisoned was because of their Japanese ancestry. Even without evidence Japanese Americans were suspected of still being loyal to their ancestral land. The camps were permanent and the internees, Japanese-Americans staying at the camps, had to do anything and everything to otherewn will. The US Government evacuated any Japanese person from their homes and took them to the buses and train (Uchida 20). They put evacuation orders in their communities. …show more content…
In 1942, President Roosevelt signed and effective form ordering the relocation of Japanese-Americans Americans to concentration camps. The order was 9006. The orders gave instructions on how to evacuate (Internment). The Japanese internment order actually called for the creation of security zones to where the military could watch over and control (why). For organization purposes, they called the Japanese-Americans Nisei and the elder Nisei were called Lessei (Japanese).Rebei were people born in America but educated in Japan. Rebei were still taken even though they were clearly American. They took Japanese people that worked for that worked for Japanese biggest businesses firms, and took them. Most families sold their businesses, homes and stores and most of their belongings (Internment). America got the Internment camp idea from Canada. They had a similar situation as the US. They evacuated Nikkei, or candan -Japanese ( Japanese). They were taken to the camps by buses and trains because they were not allowed to use their own personal cars. Japanese internment camps were overcrowded and bad living conditions (Japanese). They were isolated with premature barrokes and facilities (Why). The Japanese were put into these camps permanently (Relocation). They were kept in mess halls, recreation halls, and even sometimes latrines (camps). As many as four people lived in a space intended for 4! There was 7,700 crowded in a little house meant for 5,000 people. They lived in simply constructed tar-paper houses with and little plumbing. The food rations were fortyeight cents each day per person. It was hard to find coal, so for warmth they had to cover up with as much as allowed. One of the internees argues asking “if we were put here for our protection, why were the guns at the guard tower pointed inward not outward?” Saying if he was there for his protection why were they threatened to kill me not the enemy? To add on to all the torture the internees were forced to answer questions about their loyalty to the U.S. The camps were sort of similar to concentration camps, just not as brutal and fatal (Experience). The actual camps were everywhere all over America. The camps in deserts were brutal! In the winter the temperature reached 35 degrees and in the summer it got up to 115 degrees! The victims were taken to Immigration Detention Headquarters (Uchida 18). There so many different camps all over America. The top ten were: Amech-opened August 24 1942 closed-oct 15 1945, population- 7,318. Gila River: opened-July 20th 1942 and closed November 10 1945, population-13,348. Rohwer:opened September 18 1942, closed November 30 1945, population- 8,475. Poston: opened may 8 1942, closed november 28 1945, population 17,814. Minidoka: August 10 1942, closed November 28 1945,population- 9,379. Tule lake: opened may 27 1942, closed march 20 1946, population 18,78! Topaz- opened september 11 1942 closed october 31 1945, population 8,130. Manzanar: opened march 21 1944, closed november 21 1945, population 10,046. Jerome: opened october 6 1942, closed- June 30 1944 population 8,497. Heart Main: opened August 1944 closed on November 10 1945, population- 10,767 (Camps). There was some major health issues from staying in the camps. In, the camps the families lived in small homes, had very little nutrients and their regular daily lives destroyed. Long-term health consequences were psychological anguish, and cardiovascular disease. From taking a survey they found former internees, people who survived the camps, had a 2.1% greater risk of cardiovascular diseases, mortality, and premature death (Health) The only way they could ever have a chance of getting out of the camps is military service.
Many people volunteered out of will so they would not have to stay in the camps any longer. They were allowed to leave the camps if and only they joined the army. Over 26,000 Nisei and Kibei served in the armed forces. The place where the Japanese went to volunteer was called the Japanese- American Citizens League .(JACL). Many of the Nisei served at translators. Military Intelligence Service.(MIS). Thousands of Nisei served in the 442nd Regimental combat team. (RCT). Nisei woman also served in the women's Auxiliary corps.(WAC’s). General Willoughby and General MacArthur's said that the Nisei work, MIS, shortened the Pacific war by two years! (Military …show more content…
service). The apology for the internment by Ronald Reagan was made in 1988, also the million dollars in reparations due for the former internees (Why) The internment camps started in 1942 and ended in 1945. The only reason they were put into internment camps is because of their ancestry of being Japanese. The camps had terrible living conditions and really bad health issues leaving the camps. The only way they could leave could leave the camps is if they joined the Air Forces. About 120,000 people died in these camps. There were 10 camps nationwide. The camps ended in 1945 (Internment). Japanese internment was the capturing of Japanese-Americans into Internment Camps, or a prison camp for the “aliens”, prisoners of war, political prisoners etc.
It started after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. 127,00 Japanese- Americans were imprisoned. The only reason they were imprisoned was because of their Japanese ancestry. Even without evidence Japanese Americans were suspected for still being loyal to their ancestral land. The camps were permanent and the internees, Japanese-Americans staying at the camps, had to do anything and everything under there own will. The US Government evacuated any Japanese person from their homes and took them to the buses and train (Uchida
20). They put evacuation orders in their communities. In 1942, President Roosevelt signed and effective form ordering the relocation of Japanese Americans to concentration camps. The order was 9006. The orders gave instructions on how to evacuate (Internment). The Japanese internment order actually called for the creation of security zones to where the military could watch over and control (why). For organization purposes, they called the Japanese-Americans Nisei and the elder Nisei were called Lessei (Japanese).Rebei were people born in America but educated in Japan. Rebei were still taken even though they were clearly American. They took Japanese people that worked for that worked for Japanese biggest businesses firms, and took them. Most families sold their businesses, homes and stores and most of their belongings (Internment). America got the Internment camp idea from Canada. They had a similar situation as the US. They evacuated Nikkei, or candan -Japanese ( Japanese). They were taken to the camps by buses and trains because they were not allowed to use their own personal cars. Japanese internment camps were overcrowded and bad living conditions (Japanese). They were isolated with premature barrokes and facilities (Why). The Japanese were put into these camps permanently (Relocation). They were kept in mess halls, recreation halls, and even sometimes latrines (camps). As many as four people lived in a space intended for 4! There was 7,700 crowded in a little house meant for 5,000 people. They lived in simply constructed tar-paper houses with and little plumbing. The food rations were forty eight cents each day per person. It was hard to find coal, so for warmth they had to cover up with as much as allowed. One of the internees argues asking “if we were put here for our protection, why were the guns at the guard tower pointed inward not outward?” Saying if he was there for his protection why were they threatened to kill me not the enemy? To add on to all the torture the internees were forced to answer questions about their loyalty to the U.S. The camps were sort of similar to concentration camps, just not as brutal and fatal (Experience). The actual camps were everywhere all over America. The camps in deserts were brutal! In the winter the temperature reached 35 degrees and in the summer it got up to 115 degrees! The victims were taken to Immigration Detention Headquarters (Uchida 18). There so many different camps all over America. The top ten were: Amech-opened August 24 1942 closed-oct 15 1945, population- 7,318. Gila River: opened-July 20th 1942 and closed November 10 1945, population-13,348. Rohwer:opened September 18 1942, closed November 30 1945, population- 8,475. Poston: opened may 8 1942, closed november 28 1945, population 17,814. Minidoka: August 10 1942, closed November 28 1945,population- 9,379. Tule lake: opened may 27 1942, closed march 20 1946, population 18,78! Topaz- opened september 11 1942 closed october 31 1945, population 8,130. Manzanar: opened march 21 1944, closed november 21 1945, population 10,046. Jerome: opened october 6 1942, closed- June 30 1944 population 8,497. Heart Main: opened August 1944 closed on November 10 1945, population- 10,767 (Camps). There was some major health issues from staying in the camps. In, the camps the families lived in small homes, had very little nutrients and their regular daily lives destroyed. Long-term health consequences were psychological anguish, and cardiovascular disease. From taking a survey they found former internees, people who survived the camps, had a 2.1% greater risk of cardiovascular diseases, mortality, and premature death (Health) The only way they could ever have a chance of getting out of the camps is military service. Many people volunteered out of will so they would not have to stay in the camps any longer. They were allowed to leave the camps if and only they joined the army. Over 26,000 Nisei and Kibei served in the armed forces. The place where the Japanese went to volunteer was called the Japanese- American Citizens League .(JACL). Many of the Nisei served at translators. Military Intelligence Service.(MIS). Thousands of Nisei served in the 442nd Regimental combat team. (RCT). Nisei woman also served in the women's Auxiliary corps.(WAC’s). General Willoughby and General MacArthur's said that the Nisei work, MIS, shortened the Pacific war by two years! (Military service). The apology for the internment by Ronald Reagan was made in 1988, also the million dollars in reparations due for the former internees (Why) The internment camps started in 1942 and ended in 1945. The only reason they were put into internment camps is because of their ancestry of being Japanese. The camps had terrible living conditions and really bad health issues leaving the camps. The only way they could leave could leave the camps is if they joined the Air Forces. About 120,000 people died in these camps. There were 10 camps nationwide. The camps ended in 1945 (Internment).
In her speech “Undo the Mistake of Internment” Eleanor Roosevelt uses similes and allusions to situations well known to the reader to create an appeal using ethos that urges the American public to act peaceably towards Japanese Americans that may settle among them. Roosevelt supports this plea by first expressing sympathy to the plight of Americans whose families have died in the war, but then reprimanding them for being prejudiced against the Japanese. Roosevelt’s purpose was to deliver this speech in a way that remains relatable to Americans, hence the many mentions of how she understands them and their feelings are not unreasonable. However, at the same time Roosevelt explains that these same reasonable feelings are not acceptable, a reprimand
A Japanese American Tragedy Farewell to Manzanar, written by Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston, Japanese American, and James D. Houston, describes the experience of being sent to an internment camp during World War II. The evacuation of Japanese Americans started after President Roosevelt had signed the Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942. Along with ten thousand other Japanese Americans, the Wakatsuki was sent on a bus to Manzanar, California. There, they were placed in an internment camp, many miles from their home, with only what they could carry. The lives of the Japanese Americans in the internment were a struggle.
It is not a well known fact that around the time the Holocaust took place in Europe, another internment (less extreme) was taking place in the United States. “Betrayed by America” by Kristin Lewis gives readers an insight on what happened to Japanese-Americans in America. The article tells us about Hiroshi Shishima, Japanese-Americans internment, and what was going on during the regime. During WW2, America went into a frenzy after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Many Americans believed what was being said about Japanese-Americans even though it was proven to be false. Since the whole fiasco with Japan took place, many Japanese-Americans were forced into internment in certain parts of the United States. The reason for the internment of Japanese-Americans was due to fear & hysteria, racial
The Battle of Pearl Harbor was one of the most atrocious events that happened in U.S. history. On December 7, 1941, Japan made a surprise aerial attack on the United States naval base and airfields at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. More than two thousand Americans died and a thousand two hundred were wounded. Eighteen ships were badly damaged, including five battleships. The next day, President Franklin Roosevelt with the support of the Congress, declared war on Japan. It led United States’ official involvement in World War II. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor because of a deteriorating relationship with the U. S. The “New World Order”, expansion and resources, and economic sanctions were factors that conducted to another disaster on the Second World War.
During the 1900’s, it was common for people to immigrate to America. They saw it as a land of freedom and opportunity. Some thought that this was a great way for the US’ economy to boom, but some thought otherwise. With the shortage of jobs, many believed that the immigrants were stealing their precious jobs. Because of the competition over jobs, immigrants became the new public enemy to many. Immigrants such as the Japanese. The Japanese had already been through some racial discrimination, but it wasn’t until World War II that it got much worse. During the war the US decided it was best to be neutral, but the longer the war went on for, The more the US’ neutrality was on the verge of breaking. It wasn’t until December 7, 1941, that the US
Japanese Internment Camps were established to keep an eye on everyone of Japanese decent. The internment camps were based on an order from the President to relocate people with Japanese Heritage. This meant relocating 110,000 Japanese people. “Two thirds of these people were born in America and were legal citizens, and of the 10 people found to be spying for the Japanese during World War II, not one was of Japanese ancestry” (Friedler 1). Thus, there was no reason for these internment camps, but people do irrational things when driven by fear. In theinternment camps, many of the Japanese became sick or even died because of lack of nourishment in the food provided at these camps. The conditions in the internment camps were awful. One of the internment camps, Manzanar, was located to the west of Desert Valley in California. “Manzanar barracks measured 120 x 20 feet and were divided into six one-room apartments, ranging in size from 320 to 480 square feet.
This caused the Japanese to become a scapegoat of America’s fear and anger. The Issei and Nisei who once moved to this country to find new opportunities and jobs were now stripped of their homes and businesses and were forced to live in poor living conditions (DISCovering). Although many Americans believed that Japanese American internment was justified because it was used to protect us from attacks by Japanese Americans, it was very unlikely that they were ever going to attack us in the first place. For example, in Dr. Seuss’ political cartoon, many Japanese Americans are lined up to get TNT and waiting for a signal from Japan to attack (Seuss).
Army eventually decided to allow the prisoners to leave the camps if they joined the U.S. Army but only 1,200 took the option. The last Japanese internment camp in the United States was closed in 1945. President Roosevelt canceled the order in 1944, two years after signing it. It wasn't until 1968, almost 24 years after the camps had been closed that the U.S. government decided to make reparations to those who had lost property due to their imprisonment. In 1988 surviving prisoners were awarded $20,000. Only 60,000 out of the 127,000+ prisoners of the internment camps were still alive. As a sign of their negative feelings towards the USA, 5,766 prisoners renounced their American citizenship because they were sent to the internment camps. (1) (2) After that the Japanese were released and lived along with other
Japanese Internment Camps Ten weeks after the Japanese had bombed Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) singed an Executive Order of 9066 that authorized the removal of any people from military areas “as deemed necessary or desirable”(FDR). The west coast was home of majority of Japanese Americans was considered as military areas. More than 100,000 Japanese Americans was sent and were relocated to the internment camps that were built by the United States. Of the Japanese that were interned, 62 percent were Nisei (American born, second generation) or Sansei (third-generation Japanese) the rest of them were Issai Japanese immigrants. Americans of Japanese ancestry were far the most widely affected.
Japanese internment camps were located around the Western United States with the exception of Arkansas (which is located further east). On December 7, 1941, the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. This sparked a period of war-time paranoia that led to the internment or incarceration of 110,000 Japanese Americans. Almost all of them were loyal citizens. Actually, many of them were not allowed to become citizens due to certain laws. Although these camps were nowhere close to as horrible as the concentration camps in Europe, the conditions were still pretty harsh for a while and caused internees to have various physical and psychological health effects and risks in the future.
The Japanese internment camps started in February, around two months after the Pearl Harbor bombing, which was also the reason America decided to enter the war. People’s suspicions of Japanese led the government, passing an order to uproot 120,000 people from their homes, lives, families, everything they knew. WWII brought lots of change, although their families were being contained, many young Japanese joined the U.S. army in the fight against Germany and Japan. It’s important for people to learn and remember who the really is against. “Sure enough, 40 days later January 20, 1942, came a letter that said, greeting from the President of the United States you are now in the army, and that was my draft notice.”( Interview with Norman Saburo
Much controversy has been sparked due to the internment of the Japanese people. Many ask whether it was justified to internment them. It is a very delicate issue that has two sides, those who are against the internment of the Japanese-Americans and those who are for it. With World War II raging in the East, America was still, for the most part, very inactive in the war. When America took a stand against Japan by not shipping them supplies, Japan became very upset. Japan, being a big island that is very overpopulated with little natural resources, depended on America to provide them with an assortment of supplies including scrap metal and oil, vital items that are needed in a time of war. Japan retaliated by declaring war on America and attacking Pearl Harbor. This surprise act led to many soldiers deaths and millions of dollars of damaged army equipment, including air craft carriers and planes. As a result to Japan declaring war, the Japanese-Americans were asked to and eventually forced to do their duty to the country and report to internment camps until the war conflict was over. Many opposed this act for a couple of reasons. One reason was that people felt that it was a huge hypocrisy that the Japanese were being interned while the Italians and Germans, also our enemies, were still walking around free in America. Another reason why many were against the internment was because many of the Japanese had already been in America for some time now. The Issei, the first generation of Japanese people that immigrated from Japan, had immigrated many years ago. A whole another generation of Japanese children had already began growing up in America called the Nissei. They were automatically U.S. citizens for they were born in America and for the most part were like other American children. Anti-Internment activists also said that the Japanese were being robbed of their rights as U.S. citizens. However, there are two sides to everything.
The Asian American history is the history of the ethnic and racial groups in the United States who are of Asian descent. Spickard (2007) shows that the "'Asian American' was an idea created in the 1960s to bring together the Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino Americans for a strategic and political purposes.
The internment camps were permanent detention camps that held internees from March, 1942 until their closing in 1945 and 1946. Although the camps held captive people of many different origins, the majority of the prisoners were Japanese-Americans. There were ten different relocation centers located across the United States during the war. These Japanese Americans, half of whom were children, were incarcerated for up to 4 years, without due process of law or any factual basis, in bleak, remote camps surrounded by barbed wire and armed guards.
More than 2,000 American soldiers and sailors died in the attack, and another 1,000 were wounded” (“Pearl Harbor”). President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared war the next day. The Japanese invasion of Pearl Harbor created havoc among Americans, “including concerns about the loyalty of Japanese Americans” (Healey). Internment, according to vocabulary.com, means “putting a person in prison or other kind of detention, generally in wartime” (“Internment”). A concentration camp, on the other hand, is defined as “a guarded compound for the detention or imprisonment of aliens, members of ethnic minorities, political opponents, etc., especially any of the camps established by the Nazis prior to and during World War II for the confinement and persecution of prisoners” (dictionary.com).