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The science of catapults
The science of catapults
The science of catapults
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Throughout the years, there have been many different forms of weapons used by the military. One type of weaponry that has failed to be used in modern-day military is a catapult. Catapults are very useful, if there is not a desired accuracy only a general direction in mind. One catapult that has recently been built and destroyed is called, “The Whatever,” created in Mr. Kunz’s sixth period Physics class by Brandon Jones and Jenna Lund. The name of the catapult fits the varying accuracy of the catapult though through testing of the angle of release, angle of launch and the position in which the object that would be projected forward would set. The angle of release was affected by the building and structural design of the catapult. Due to the
First the energy of conservation. The setting of the trebuchet before firing is shown in Fig 1. A heavy counterweight of mass (M) (contained in a large bucket) on the end of the short arm of a sturdy beam was raised to some height while a smaller mass (m) (the projectile), was positioned on the end of the longer arm near or on the ground. In practice the projectile was usually placed in a leather sling attached to the end of the longer arm. However for simplicity, we shall ignore the sling and compensate for this omission by increasing the assumed length of the beam on the projectile’s side. The counterweight was then allowed to fall so that the longer arm swung upward, the sling following, and the projectile was ultimately thrown from its container at some point near the top of the arc. The far end of the sling was attached to the arm by a rope in such a way that the release occurred at a launching angle near the optimum value ( most likely by repeated trials) for the launch height. The launching position is shown in fig.2 where we have assumed that the projectile is released at the moment the entire beam is vertical. In the figures: (a)=height of the pivot, (b)= length of the short arm, (c)= length of the long arm, while (v) and (V) are the velocities of (m) and (M), respectively, at the moment of launching.
History of U.S. Army Weapons | Military.com. (n.d.). History of U.S. Army Weapons | Military.com. Retrieved April 12, 2014, from http://www.military.com/army-birthday/history-of-us-army-weapons.html
The U. S. Soldiers used the M-79 40mm, also known as the thumper, which looked like a sawed shotgun. It could fire up to 300 meters and fire a 6.5 pound grenade. The M-72 is a BBMM light anti-tank weapon that weighs 5.2 pounds. It was also used as a bunker buster and fired a 1 kg rocket that could travel 300 meters. (173dairborne)”
Another type of catapult is the Onager. Onagers were used right up to the middle ages with the Trebuchet, when gunpowder and the Cannon were invented and eventually replaced the catapults.
For almost as long as civilizations began they have been fighting against each other. Often times these wars come down to who has the better military equipment. When one army creates an elite war machine another army is sure to soon copy or improve it. For example the U.S. Army Signal Corps purchased the first ever military aircraft in 1902 (Taylor). Two years later the Italians were also using aircrafts. The trebuchet catapult is no exception; it was one of the most destructive military machines of its time (Chevedden, 2000). A trebuchet works by using the energy of a falling counterweight to launch a projectile (Trebuchet). In this research paper I intend to explain the history and dynamics of a trebuchet catapult.
Melton, Jack W. and Lawrence E. Pawl. “Basic Facts Concerning Artillery.” Civil War Artillery. 2009. 17 January 2010. .
In an attempt to better understand the components of the trebuchet and to permit the viewer a better idea of the manner in which the firing of a trebuchet occurs, a trebuchet constructed entirely of K-nex was built this past week. The counterweight consisted of 5000 steel bb's wrapped in plastic and duct tape, while the sling itself was made of duct tape and twine. The remaineder of the trebuchet, including the throwing arm, were constructed purely from K-nex.
Several sources were used to collect information about the weapons described in this project. Most of the sources used were web pages. There is one book source. The project will also include a presentation complete with pictures and lecture for each of the weapons in the written report.
The Trebuchet achieved its deadly accuracy due to the components that made up the trebuchet. The materials used to build a trebuchet were often fairly common, but the materials were used in bulk and this made the trebuchet costly to build in terms of resources. The materials often used were wood, sand and stone, it often took engineers and builders days to build the trebuchet. The heavy nature of the trebuchet made the device very difficult to move; therefore mobility was a massive issue in using trebuchets in the middle ages. However only one trebuchet was needed to damage an entire wall of a castle due to the high accuracy associated with trebuchets. It is estimated by historians and statisticians that trebuchets had an 84.56% success rate. These points link back to the main statement that the trebuchets were highly accurate siege
The invention of gunpowder found its way into the artillery cannons in the fourteenth century, but this job was very dangerous because of the unpredictable reaction of the fired explosives. The early production of gunpowder was hampered by the cannon’s slow rate of fire, inability to travel swiftly, lack of aiming capability, and confusion on the mixture. The barrels were one to three inches in diameter and some were even mounted on the bottom of carriages. The development of gunpowder is momentous in history, because it marks the invention of modern warfare.
These engineers that were working for Phillip of Macedonia are trusted with building the first ballista. These model of catapult are used with two wooden arms, hard wound ropes and a cord to assist in the hurling of a deadly rocket, such as spears, at an enemy.
These kinds of weapons were impractical for military use, but attracted many people to the arms race for weapons that could sweep the battlefield. “They had limitations in practice, among them slow re...
Works Cited Journal articles: • Lane, Thomas. “Crazy Angles, Soaring Steel.” Building vol. 274 no. 8588 (28) 2009, July 17, pp. 40-46.
Technology in the military has greatly increased strength and eased the ranking among world powers and effected the development of new military weapons. The term “Survival of the fittest” means that the strong will succeed but the meek will not, this is the case with military technology. The U.S. has the best technology in the world, therefore we are the highest military power.
Projectile motion is the force that acts upon an object that is released or thrown into the air. Once the object is in the air, the object has two significant forces acting upon it at the time of release. These forces are also known as horizontal and vertical forces. These forces determine the flight path and are affected by gravity, air resistance, angle of release, speed of release, height of release and spin