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The physics of projectiles / catapults essay
Physics of catapults
Physics of catapults
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Data Analysis The scientific question investigated in this experiment was, “Which household object, when catapulted at a 45 degree angle, will travel the farthest?” The hypothesis in this experiment was, “If four household objects are catapulted at a 45 degree angle, then the standard white dice will travel the farthest.” The independent variable in this experiment is changing the object launched. The dependent variable in this experiment is the change in distance traveled. The control variables are using the same catapult, tape measure, location, and maintaining the same launch angle. The control group is the catapult which remains the same throughout the experiment. The experimental group consists of the four objects being catapulted. The procedures for this experiment go as follows: Step three, place an item in the cup on the arm of the catapult. Step four, pull back the arm until it cannot go back any further. Step five, carefully release the arm which will catapult the object into the air. Step six, record where the object initially lands. …show more content…
An extraneous variable that may have caused unexpected results is the wind. On the day the experiment was conducted, a rain storm had just stopped about one hour earlier. The wind may have blown harder or softer during the launching of certain objects, which would affect the data and possibly the outcome of the experiment. The experiment, once it began, went well, but there were two notable incidents over the course of the experiment. During test launches, the top hat was launched in a rocky area and became missing. About 20 minutes later, the top hat was found. Trial 1 officially began about 5 minutes later. Also, after completing the first trial of the highlighter cap, the experiment was temporarily stopped for about 10 minutes to take pictures. Besides those two incidents, the experiment went
There were no significant error factors that may have affected the arrangement of the lab experiment. Everything went smoothly with relative ease.
Possible sources of error in this experiment include the inaccuracy of measurements, as correct measurements are vital for the experiment.
The tennis ball is the constant variable factor (the variable that is kept the same, to make the investigation valid). The ball will dropped from increasing heights (cm-25, 50, 75,100,125,150,175,200) and the bounce of the ball will be measured. A sample size of 3 results will be taken from each height the ball is dropped. The same investigation will then be repeated, but one of the independent variables will be changed.
Before the days of gunpowder, the military used large timber machines to hurl rocks, arrows and flaming barrels of tar at and into castles and forts. In ancient times, in order to prevent attacks from invaders, forts and castles are built for protection. These castles and forts had very strong walls and were sometimes placed high on top of a hill or such. Therefore, people within the military often build machines and structures to aid in attacking castles. These machines were called catapults, which didn’t use explosives like today’s military weapons, instead they used energy which was stored in bent timber and sinew, twisted ropes or heavy weights. A catapult is a machine that initially stores energy and then releases energy in order to fire a projectile. In simple terms, it is a device that is used to hurl an object to a further distance. In order to be classified as a catapult, the machine generally has to be larger than an average person, which logically makes it difficult for the said person to carry. The first catapults were early
Another example of a systematic error that might have taken place during this experiment could have been that the room temperature water could have been in flux due to the fact that the temperature of the room may not have been constant and therefore the temperature of the room temperature water could have changed. This error could have been prevented by making sure that there were no occasional blasts of cold or warm air coming into the room that the experiment would be taking place
Going into details of the article, I realized that the necessary information needed to evaluate the experimental procedures were not included. However, when conducting an experiment, the independent and dependent variable are to be studied before giving a final conclusion.
The word trebuchet originated in France, but contrary to the name, the early siege weapon actually originated in China. The original trebuchet was made in 300BC. The trebuchet was made as a way to attack over enemy walls or fire at large groups of enemies running at the user. The Chinese had a design in which good ol’ fashion man power was used instead of a counter weight. There weren't very many advancements in the Chinese trebuchet besides the use of different woods. This trebuchet tended to be the least accurate out of all of the other models. This model is known as the traction trebuchet.
The experiments were quite simple, in that there was a seemingly harmless task to be performed, and the participants were instructed to choose the estimation of the lengths of a line when compared to two ...
The purpose of the projectile lab is to test the validity of the law of conservation of energy. The application of this law to our everyday lives is a surprisingly complicated process. Conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but that it can be transferred from one form to another. Consider the projectile lab from document A that this essay is based upon. In an ideal experiment, the projectile is isolated from everything except the gravitational field. In this case, the only force acting on the particle is gravity and there are only two forms of energy that are of interest: the energy of the particle due to its motion (defined as kinetic
...s strength in the experiment rather than a limitation which future studies should also monitor.
During the Cold War, the United States Navy became one of America’s most important deterrence tools largely because of the aircraft carrier, a half-acre mobile platform of American sovereignty and military might. When stressing the importance of the aircraft carrier as a center of gravity of military coercion, few analysts appreciate the relatively small system that makes it a feasible launching platform for aircraft, the catapult system. This paper will explain the mechanics of the aircraft catapult system as well as its evolution from the weight and derrick system to the presently used steam system and new electromagnetic system that Gerald Ford-class aircraft carriers will use.
Since the ball was not launched horizontally, initial velocity was taken into consideration. The ball was launched at increasing angles of 10° from a starting angle of 15°. The range, R, was calculated by using the initial velocity and the initial angle of the launch, because the horizontal range of the projectile is defined as the horizontal distance traveled by the projectile when it returns to the height at which it was originally launched. As a result, this gives the equation R = (v02sin2θ/g). However, the maximum value of sin2θ = 1 or when θ = 45°. In other words, the range will be at its maximum when the angle of projection is θ=45°. As the experiment progressed, the ranges for the ball being launched at an angle greater than 45° would decrease. Both the measured and calculated ranges were compared, and all values should be similar. With limited data, such as initial velocity or displacement, it is possible to determine the time of flight or range of the projectile motion of an
Independent variables: The temperature of hcl gas will be decreased and increased throughout the experiment.
A confounding variable (or an extraneous variable) is an outside influence, separate from the independent variable, that changes the outcome/effect of the dependent variable. Researchers (usually) cannot control confounding variables; consequently, it is possible that confounding variables may impact research in ways the researcher desires, or even in ways that are undesired. Confounding variables majorly impact experimental conditions and outcomes, yet it is almost impossible to prevent them.
There is also the potential of human error within this experiment for example finding the meniscus is important to get an accurate amount using the graduated pipettes and burettes. There is a possibility that at one point in the experiment a chemical was measured inaccurately affecting the results. To resolve this, the experiment should have been repeated three times.