Small size desalination plant
The Kwinana Desalination Plant, located south of Perth, Western Australia, turns seawater from Cockburn Sound into nearly 140megalitres of drinking water per day, supplying the Perth metropolitan area.
Large scale desalination plant
Wonthaggi desalination plant) is awater desalination plant in Dalyston, on the Bass Coast in southern Victoria, Australia, completed in December 2012. The plant is an integral part of Victoria's water system, supplying water via a series of existing and proposed pipelines. Produce around 410 megalitres of drinking water per day supplying the
The plant is estimated to require 90 MW of electricity to operate. Additional energy will be required to pump the desalinated water from Wonthaggi to Cardinia Reservoir in Melbourne
…show more content…
5.1 Energy revolution There are some data will show us the great energy consumption of these plants.
Perth has two seawater desalination plants, one is completed in 2006 with a 123,000 m3/d (45 GL/yr) water production powered by a wind farm. The other one is almost double size of first one, which is 100 GL/yr powered by 65 MWe of dedicated renewable energy, which together provide half the city’s needs.
All seawater desalination plants in Australia offset their energy impacts by purchasing renewable energy certificates, buying renewable energy from wind farms, or both.
Plants – in operation Energy source
Gold Coast Desalination Plant (QLD) 100% offset by the purchase of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECS)
Perth Seawater Desalination Plant (WA) 100% renewable energy – wind farm
Kurnell Desalination Plant (NSW) 100% offset by the purchase of RECS
Southern Seawater Desalination Plant (WA) 100% renewable energy – offset by purchase of RECS
Wonthaggi Desalination Plant (VIC) 100% renewable energy – Green Power
Port Stanvac Desalination Plant (SA) 100% renewable energy – Green
Power Table x, energy source for desalination plants in Australia “The current generation of sea water reverse osmosis desalination processes use about 20% of the energy required by the first generation reverse osmosis desalination plant. About 3 to 3.5 kWh/kL, at a recovery rate of about 40%. To compare this with everyday energy use – the energy used to desalinate all the water used in the average house, is about the same as that used each day by a refrigerator. By contrast, an inefficient pump, toilet flushing and other indoor needs from a rainwater tank, may use up to 5.3 kWh/kL” (Tjandraatmadja et al. 2011). All major desalination plants in Australia incorporate energy recovery devices to minimise overall energy requirements. Also, a worldwide research and development effort is currently devoted to reducing the energy consumption of desalination processes. A recent report by CSIRO and WSAA has identified that the uptake of desalination has influenced the energy demand profile for water supplies in Australian cities (Cook, Hall & Gregory 2012). In South East Queensland, desalinated and recycled water made up around 10% of the water supplied in 2009/10. The treatment energy for these rainfall independent water sources made up more than 40% of the total energy for water supply treatment and pumping. (Appropriate title related to research) - Main work, e.g., solution approach, theory, simulation software, circuit design, etc. - Results and findings based on the method described in Chapter 3 Evaluation - This could be optional, depending on the content of the research. This chapter provides an objective evaluation/comparison of the student's work with others.
1 What is the potential energy of the water in a lake of surface area 10 square kilometers, with an average depth of 15 m, and elevation above the electrical generator of 200 m? (Note that you can ignore 15 m depth of the water compared to the 200 m elevation, i.e., use the total mass of the lake at an elevation of 200 m. Also, a cubic meter, i.e., 1 m3, has a mass of 1000 kg. The wonders of the metric system!
- The nurse’s mistake will increase the saltiness due to the double amount of saline in the bag.
The peristaltic pumps are widely used in chemical , dispensing, cosmetic, food processing and water treatment field.
Water is the most relied upon resource on earth and if it disappeared life could not and would not exist on this planet. So if one of our main sources of water in South Australia, The Murray Darling-Basin, becomes unusable then we would need to find the problem and do everything possible to stop it or counteract it. This report investigates on salinity in the Murray Darling-Basin, using the issue question “Is there enough being done to counteract the effects of salinity in the Murray?” as the focus. Salinity is a key significant environmental challenge which the Murray faces and if left unmanaged it could cause serious implications for water quality, plant growth, biodiversity, land productivity, infrastructure and could lead to a loss of a water source that’s critical to human needs. In this investigation five different aspects of this salinity issue are presented and these aspects include what Salinity is and how it has become an issue, what the effects are, how salinity affects the rest of Australia, what can be done and is anyone doing anything and finally what the visions are for the future of the Murray and its salinity levels.
Considering the fact that Marc has both been sweating and drinking minimal amounts of water, Marc is now dehydrated. This means he has less than the required amount of water for his body to complete the processes necessary to maintain its health. As stated in the question, the process of sweating causes the loss of more water than solutes. This means that as the level of water decreases, the level of solute concentration will increase, creating a change in the water to solute ratio.
The essential use of irrigation in Australian Vineyards to maximize the productivity of vines has the detrimental effect on the surrounding waterways my contributing to water pollution. The use of irrigation in Australia has become a primary
A side method within desalination is cogeneration. Cogeneration is a process known to use excess heat from electricity generation for another task. In this case desalination plants use this for the production of potable water from seawater or brackish groundwater in an integrated, or "dual-purpose", facility where a power plant provides the energy for desalination. The facility's energy production may be set aside for t...
The water that supplies Western Australia comes from a variety of sources, including surface water and groundwater. Recent technologies have emerged which allow WA to use water sources that were previously unusable, such as desalinated ocean water and recycled wastewater (Government of Western Australia, 2012). The scale for this report is the state of Western Australia. This scale will allow for analysis of more elements of water consumption in Perth and its surrounding areas, not just the city’s consumption of water, but consumption from other key industries that fuel the economy of Perth and WA, including mining and agriculture.
FIJI Water (FIJI) is a brand of bottled water that is derived from an aquifer in the Nakauvadra Mountains in Fiji. FIJI was created for international distribution in 1995, under the corporate name of Natural Waters of Viti Ltd. It was marketed to appeal to health-conscious and image oriented consumers by touting the water’s silica-rich property that has been attributed to anti-aging and immunity boosting. FIJI Water has captured a large share in the bottled water industry in the niche premium segment alongside Evian and Perrier. The initial success of FIJI has been overshadowed by multifaceted issues that were exacerbated by management’s actions.
Since, these two technology are the world fastest electricity generators; therefore, they are rapidly starts to grow particularly in Australia due to the environmental benefits and economics. Australia has the highest average of solar radiation and best solar energy resource in the world, which is used by more than 2 million of households. In 2015, approximately 14.6% of renewable energy is provided for 6.7 million average homes. Furthermore, regarding to the Australia government statistics, 2.4% of solar energy generated electricity in 2015. Moreover, 58 million of PJ solar radiations are receives per years, which are approximately 10 000 times larger than its total energy consumption. Alternatively, Wind energy is known as the fastest growing renewable energy source for electricity, and the current share of Australian primary energy consumption is approximately 4%. Most of the winds resources are obtain from particularly in south-western, southern and south eastern margins. In 2015, Australia's wind farms produced about 33.7% of clean energy with the total out of 20% of renewable energy and supplied 4.9% of electricity during the year. The use of wind energy in Australia is to pump bore water such as in rural
Background: Waste water treatment plants are essential to communities of all sizes and must work efficiently. Waste water treatment plant primary priority and responsibility is the treatment of incoming sewage water by the removal of biological and chemical wastes so it can be treated and recycled for future use. There are many government agencies and standards set forth to govern and observe the successful treatment of sewage, such as the Department of Environmental Quality, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System and the Clean Water Act of 1972. Compliance and constant monitoring of the treatment plant’s operations are important as they protect the surrounding community. A spill or backflow of sewage due to a complete system malfunction could potentially be detrimental to the environment and local community.
Even though Australia is one of the driest country in the world, we continue to waste tons and tons of water. We suffer from serious droughts on average about every 18 years. With the effects of climate change rolling in, our country will continue drying out more and more but at the same time, more people are coming into Australia increasing the demand of water. In 2002, Australia suffered its worst drought on record. This dry weather lasted to about 2010. Due to this disaster, heavy restrictions were put on water use. With the enormous increase of population and the increase of climate change, will there be enough water to keep the whole nation hydrated. I believe that we will be able to supply enough water as the government but it will cost us greatly as the government has spent over $2 billion building desalination plants. These plants are still running currently even though we currently have no need for extra waters and is being run by taxpayer
Before delving in to what is actually wrong with seawater desalination plants, it is important to establish that there are plenty of alternatives available. One of the best alternatives is to adopt more efficient practices, such as conservation of water, and recycling storm water and grey water (from washing machines and bathrooms...
...able amount of energy to keep the pump flowing. The third drawback of desalination is that a massive amount of salty wastewater is accumulated and must therefore for a place to reside. If the salty wastewater is dumped into coastal oceans, it could cause harm to the sea life as well as compromise food resources. Disposing it on the land is not an option either because the groundwater and surface water could become polluted (Miller & Johnson, 2010).
"Sustainable Energy for Your Home: Small Scale Hydro Systems." The Environment Centre: Promoting Sustainable Lifestyles in the South. Web. 04 Oct. 2011. .