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Actionable negligence in tort
Tort law case studies on negligence
Tort principles of negligence
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Issue: Are the agents G Shepherd & Co. and the loose asbestos insulation assessor, Basil, liable in negligence for harm that has occurred to Roland and Belle’s family? Relevant Rules or law: The Tort of Negligence: The Negligence is the failure for someone to take reasonable care to prevent foreseeable injury, loss or damage to other people. It also contains both intended and unintended acts and omission. The Negligence action can only be liable to the plaintiff by counting the following three elements which are based on the balance of probabilities under common law and statute : 1 Duty of care The duty of care exists in the relevant situation where risk of harm or injury to plaintiffs was ‘reasonably foreseeable’ and the plaintiff was ‘closely and directly affected’ by the defendant’s act. The injuries not only include personal injury or property damage but also the risk of purely economic loss, for example, resulting from negligent misstatements. Whether it is the reasonable person’s response would be considered from various factors: (a) the probability of harm occurring; (b) the likely seriousness of the harm; (c) the burden of taking appropriate precautions; (d) the social utility of the activity. 3 Damage The plaintiff’s damage, which caused by the defendant’s negligence, must be recognised by the law and not too ‘remote’ to be compensated. The “but for” text can be used to exam the causal relation between the breach and damage. However, even though the causal link exist in fact, the defendant may not be liable for the damage if the damage is not foreseeable. Application (negligent
Without clarifying the instruction, it was suggested that if the behavior is not what a reasonable person would consider to be a “normal consequence” of the situation created by defendant's conduct, then said intervening act is a superseding cause. Consequently, it does not convey the relevant standard—whether the probability of harm is “sufficiently serious that a reasonable and prudent person would take precautions to avoid it.” (Iturralde, 2013)
The first component of the four D’s of negligence is duty. The dentist owed a duty of care to every one of his patients. Duty of care is a legal obligation a health care worker, in this case, the dentist, owes to their patient and, at times,...
The refinement of this definition has significant legal implications, as it broadens the scope of those who can sue within blameless accidents. Prior to this, such victims would also face being labelled with “fault”. Supporting the findings of Axiak, by establishing non-tortious conduct as separate from “fault”, similar, future cases are more likely to proceed despite the plaintiff’s contributory
All that in all the relevant circumstances including the fact of the defendant's occupation of premises and the manner of the plaintiff's entry upon them, the defendant owed a duty of care under the ordinary principles of negligence to the plaintiff. A prerequisite of any such duty is that there be the necessary degree of proximity of relationship. The touchstone of its existence is that there be reasonable foreseeability of a real risk of injury to the visitor or to the class of person of which the visitor is a member. The measure of the discharge of the duty is what a reasonable man would, in the circumstances, do by way of response to the foreseeable
The engineer breached the duty of care through failing his/her duty to warn by providing insufficient warning on the limitation of the application. His/her software application caused the structural firm to designed a defective bridge and was the direct cause of many deaths. The junior engineer should be held liable for his/her product due to the principle known as product liability. This is evident in the case study because deaths and injuries due to defective product as a result of the software were foreseeable. Looking at the 1971 case of Lambert v. Lastoplex Chemicals Co. Limited et al., the manufacturers must not only instruct the user how to properly use the products but also warn the user the consequences of misuse []. This precedent case proves that the engineer failed to warn the structural firm of the limitation of the application as well as failed to warn the consequences of using the application beyond its capabilities. However, the information technology firm may be held vicariously liable for the mistake of the junior engineer as he/she developed the software application during his/her employment. The reason being the employer generally has deeper pocket than the employee [] and the collapse was a result of the junior engineer developing the application under the authority of the employer. Thus, the junior engineer is one of the tortfeasor to which the information firm maybe vicariously liable for his/her
To succeed in a negligence action, you must prove each of the following. The first element, did George owe the plaintiff a legal duty of care? Legal duty of care paradigm includes that a person acts towards others with attention, prudence, and caution. George owed a duty of care to people by leaving his car in park.
Negligence, as defined in Pearson’s Business Law in Canada, is an unintentional careless act or omission that causes injury to another. Negligence consists of four parts, of which the plaintiff has to prove to be able to have a successful lawsuit and potentially obtain compensation. First there is a duty of care: Who is one responsible for? Secondly there is breach of standard of care: What did the defendant do that was careless? Thirdly there is causation: Did the alleged careless act actually cause the harm? Fourthly there is damage: Did the plaintiff suffer a compensable type of harm as a result of the alleged negligent act? Therefore, the cause of action for Helen Happy’s lawsuit will be negligence, and she will be suing the warden of the Peace River Correctional Centre, attributable to vicarious liability. As well as, there will be a partial defense (shared blame) between the warden and the two employees, Ike Inkster and Melvin Melrose; whom where driving the standard Correction’s van.
In our given scenario we are asked to discuss legal principles influencing the likelihood of any successful action against Steve in the grounds of negligence. Steve’s negligent driving caused a series of events that caused losses to the other people presented in the scenario and they take actions against Steve in the grounds of negligence. At first we must understand what negligence is. The tort of negligence provides the potenti...
The liability for negligent misstatement may arise from pure economic loss. According to Steele (2010), ‘Economic losses will be regarded as “pure” if they do not flow from any personal injury to the claimant nor from physical damage to his or her property’. The boundaries between “pure” economic loss and the loss which is “consequential” from damage were established by the Court
is vicarious liability. Vicarious liability essentially is when someone is held responsible for the tortious act of another person, typically seen in the workplace where an employer is generally held responsible for his/her employee’s action during their course of employment [3]. In the case study, this liability is evident as an employee of Acme Underground did not fully test the conditions of the sub-surface [6]. This indicates a vicarious liability may be possible because the employee was simply following order to conduct test for sub-surface conditions of the bridge site. In fact, Dutton V. Bognor Regis United Building Co. Ltd. case in 1972 [5] can effectively show such liability is indeed present in the case study. Summarizing the precedent case, a house was built on a rubbish deposit which requires larger foundation [5]. The foundation must be approved by an inspector by law, however, the inspector failed to properly inspect the foundation and part of the building collapsed [5]. The final verdict of this case was that the building inspector and the building authority are both liable [5]. This case clearly indicates that although the higher up was not directly related to the incident, he/she may still be responsible for the employee’s mistake which is a matching circumstance to the facts given in the case study. Thus, the employee of Acme Underground may have made a mistake in his work, but since it is in the
Negligence is a concept that was passed from Great Britain to the United States. It arose out of common law, which is made up of court decisions that considered whether a defendant had an obligation to act with greater care. It is conduct which falls below the standard established by law for the protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm and involves a failure to fulfill a duty that causes injury to another. Many torts depend on whether there was intent but negligence does not. Negligence looks to see whether the person had a duty to act with care. It emphasizes the need for people to act reasonably in society. This is important because accidents will happen. Negligence helps the law establish whether these accidents could have been avoided, if there was a breach of duty to act reasonably, and if that breach was the cause of injury to that person. By focusing on the conduct rather than the intent of the defendant, the tort of negligence reflects society’s desire to
The Act allows negligence as the sole ground unlike common law which required the claimant to establish ‘fraud’ even if negligence existed. It is believed that the ‘d...
...s been established, it has to be proved if the defendant (professional) has breached the duty of care and as a result, the claimant suffered harm (financial loss). In order to establish the breach of duty, the reasonable standard of a professional needs to be applied. In the case Lloyd Cheyham & Co v Littlejohn & Co Ltd (1987) the judgement was based on the standard of care of an accountant established by the Institute of Chartered Accountants Standards (Boyt, 2013).
Introduction Negligence is defined by, a failure to take reasonable care to avoid causing injury or loss to another person. There are typically four steps in proving negligence: is there a duty of care, a breach of duty, damages or loss that was able to be foreseen and damage caused by a breach of duty. Plaintiff v Defendant (Kimberly & Charlesc v Elle) The issue is that Elle, who runs a ‘Bed & Breakfast’ house, had installed pine shutters to the exterior of her building in which a handyman had installed. The instructions for the pine shutters disclosed that the shutters were merely for aesthetics than for practical use and should not be installed within areas of harsh weather.
The risk must be measured against the precaution that needs to be taken and all precautionary measures will be taken into account in determining the reasonableness of the defendant’s conduct. In Latimer v AEC [1953], the plaintiff fell down due to the factory floor being slippery because of a flood. The defendant had placed sawdust over slippery parts of the floor but the plaintiff still fell down and contended that the factory should have been shut down. The House of Lords held that the risk of injury was insufficient to warrant the shutting down of the factory. A reasonable precautionary measure needs to be balanced with other factors. If the risk of injury may be considerable reduced with rather low cost, the defendant would be unreasonable if he does not incur the low cost in order to reduce risk of injury, and this applies in the opposite manner as well. Courts of law will consider the practicability of precautions as against the disadvantages of halting the activity altogether.