Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing In this case study, a six-year old boy, Carlton, was cut deeply on the foot after stepping on a sharp seashell while playing at a beach. His mother washed the injury on site and he wore his shoes home, but began showing some associated symptoms a day later. The foot had signs of swelling, was warm, and the original cut itself had turned red, and with there was pain. Carlton's mother has taken the initial action to place bandage gauze on the wound. Her next step is to take him to a local health clinic. The symptoms experienced by Carlton are in the group of the cardinal signs of inflammation that have been identified for centuries (Grossman & Porth, 2014). Carlton’s wound is in the first stage, the inflammatory phase, of acute inflammation, which is the beginning of a complex, regulated, and critical process of immunologic events (Rosique, Rosique, & Farina Junior, 2015). There are two main types of stimuli that cause this kind of biological and immunological reaction: physical injury and microbial infection (Qian et al., 2016). …show more content…
This phase generates the necessary actions that are vital in preparing the wound for healing. The body is attempting to remove the triggering stimulus (if present), limit the tissue damage, and set the stage for repair and regeneration of the wound (Rowan et al., 2015). If natural biological healing does not progress satisfactorily, it can lead to a chronic wound with chronic inflammation, though this is most often associated with other disease conditions or a compromised immune system. On a larger scale, this is a significant, world-wide issue of concern for present and future research, because these types of non-healing or persistent wounds impact on the quality of life for an estimated 40 million people worldwide and are costly in many ways (Zhao, Liang, Clarke, Jackson, & Xue,
Note and answer to yourself, the factor that are involved at the incident, the mechanisms and circumstances on the injury, as well as the extent and type of injury. Assessing the situation identify what happened, a number of people involved, as their age, there is a child and or elderly.
Background. Dorrence Darling II, at eighteen years old student who broke his right leg playing college football. Darling II was taken to the emergency room at Charleston Community Memorial Hospital for medical attention and treatment. Charleston Community Memeorial Hospital was a “rural, fifty-bed hospital in downstate Illinois” (Weit, p.399). Dr. John R. Alexander, the emergency room physician, treated Dorrence by applying traction and placing his leg in a cast. Shortly after the cast dried, “Dorrence began experiencing pain in his toes, which became swollen and discolored and later cold and insensitive. On several occasions thereafter, Alexander made slight modifications to the cast including
Inflammation: the response to injured tissue that stops bleeding and causes swelling and warmth as the tissue prepares to repair itself
A pressure ulcer is an area of skin with unrelieved pressure resulting in ischemia, cell death, and necrotic tissue. The constant external pressure or rubbing that exceeds the arterial capillary pressure (32mmHg) and impairs local normal blood flow to tissue for an extended period of time, results in pressure ulcer (Smeltzer et. Al., 2013). According to National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, 2014, pressure ulcers are a major burden to the society, as it approaches $11billion annually, with a cost range from $500 to $70,000 per individual pressure ulcer. It is a significant healthcare problem despite considerable investment in education, training, and prevention equipment. This paper includes two different studies to link cause-effect
Many great historical figures of the scientific community have written on the subject of the same perplexing disease over the centuries (Angus, van der Poll, Finfer, Vincent 2013). Sepsis has been given many names, origins, and etiologies. In the 4th century, Hippocrates declared the disease the cause of organic decomposition, wound festering, and swamp gas (Angus et al. 2013). During the 19th century, Louis Pasteur theorized the disease was the outcome of a pathogenic microorganism in the bloodstream, which resulted in a body-wide infection (Angus et al. 2013). In the 21st century, the medical community made a breakthrough with the discovery of the disease’s link to the inflammatory response system and devised a plan of action to combat the high mortality rates among those infected (Angus et al. 2013). According to Hotchkiss, Monneret, & Payen (2013) the effects of sepsis are well documented, while the molecular processes it utilizes are still being explored; however, new studies are helping to expand our understanding of the centuries old disease.
Most scalp wound is caused by blunt hit. However, it will bleed a lot although it is a minor wound since there are so many blood capillaries in the area. Normally to treat this injury, we just need to put a direct pressure on the wound with sterile dressing material until the bleeding stoped. And tie the cloth into place with a triangular bandage if continued pressure is needed. Carefully assess whether stitches are needed. If decided to treat at home, be sure the wound is free of dirt and debris. Clean with clean water , then dry the wound and surrounding hair. It usually recover well. Make sure there is no wood or gravel in the wound. To avoid more serious complication, pay a visit to a doctor for double
The fresh wound didn’t seem like it would be such a problem until I saw the blood trickling out. Sure, when I had cut my self by grabbing a piece of saw palmetto, I felt my skin ripping and quickly retracted my right hand. However, my want for adventure to explore the tree island overcame the small bit of pain I felt. An adrenaline rush helped me overcome all of the annoyances pushing through the dense brim of the island, like palmetto leaves and spider webs, as well as the myriad of other obstacles upon finally penetrating.
Vorvick, Linda, Jatin Vyas and David Zieve. "Gangrene." 24 August 2011. MedLine Plus. 20 November 2013 .
The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response to cellular injury and bacterial invasion. Inflammation is the primary defense in early gingivitis. Biofilm can initiate an inflammatory response if it is left undisturbed for as little as seventy two hours. Redness and swelling are two of the cardinal signs of inflammation and can be observed clinically in gingivitis. Histamine is released by mast cells and responsible for the redness and swelling of tissues. Histamine causes both an increase in vascularity and permeability of blood vessels at the site of injury. Swelling may occur in response to the accumulation of fluid at a specific site. The inflammatory response includes cellular components of the immune system polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are crucial to the cellular immune response. Polyporphonuclear leukocytes are the first cells that arrive at an inflammatory site. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes arrive at the site via chemotaxis, and begin to phagocytize bacteria. As the disease continues and the inflammatory reaction is not strong enough to subside the bacterial infection the immune response is further
Joe turns to me and grumbles, “It will be a miracle if they don’t cut off my foot.” As he removed his boot, I glance over I see his foot was nearly twice its normal size a condition known as trench foot. I feel sorry for the man, knowing that he will most likely lose his foot.
Electrical stimulation (ES) therapy involves the transfer of electrical current across wound tissue through the two electrodes and uses three types of currents: AC, DC and Pulse DC. According to various studies, electrical stimulation therapy has shown to reduce inflammation, edema, improve wound appearance, cause a faster reduction in wound size by helping to kick start the wound healing process and is cost effective for many patients. It has generated a positive impact on patient’s comfort and convenience. Electrical stimulation therapy has provided numerous beneficial effects in wound healing demonstrated by various studies, however; further research trials are needed in order to prove the effectiveness and benefits of electrical stimulation therapy as it relates to wound healing (Cutting, 2006).
Blood streams heavily from the wound on the child’s young head, and
When a wound is determined as non-healable, as described by Sibbald et al (1), it should not be treated with a moist treatment and should be kept dry in order to reduce the risk of infection that would compromise the limb. It is also important to consider the patient 's preferences and try to control his pain, his discomfort in activities of daily living and the odour that their wound may produce. In this case, special attention must be given to infection prevention and control. Some charcoal dressing would be interesting in the care of our non-healable wounds at St. Mary 's Hospital.
Research proves a strong connection between psychological stress and health, including poor surgical results, and a decrease in the immune system functioning. This is vital regarding wound healing especially on the skin because the skin is the largest organ of the human body and has many responsibilities including regulating temperature, vitamin D production, and protection. With the skin being such a vital organ, timely wound healing is extremely important. Psychological stress has been shown to negatively impact wound healing, both directly and indirectly. It has been found that psychological stress can spike the levels of some hormones in the blood, which directly impacts the wound healing. These hormones can slow the delivery of certain compounds like cytokines to the location of the injury to start the healing process. This will ultimately slow the healing process. It also indirectly impacts wound healing through people who are experiencing anxiety, who could possibly have trouble sleeping at night. This can further exaggerate the weakening of the immune system, which could lead to a wound infection when the body can’t fight off damaging bacteria and
The white blood cells destroy any unfamiliar pathogens in the bloodstream and can cause inflammation. Therefore, the inflammation causes a surplus of white blood cells to clot the wound for healing.