Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Discuss ethical issues relating to research
Discuss ethical issues relating to research
Essay on reflection on ethics in research
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Discuss ethical issues relating to research
INTRO
To conduct a successful research study it must go through a series of steps. Researchers must be responsible in terms of how they conduct their research, which includes the gathering of facts, the ethical treatment of what they are studying and of the participants. In the movie viewed in class, “Doctor Money and the Boy With No Penis,” it is obvious that Doctor John Money did not treat either Bruce or Brian Reimer properly. Taking advantage of Bruce’s malfunctioned circumcision, Doctor Money wanted to conduct research on his theory about what makes us a man from a woman, and if a boy can be raised as a girl. He developed a profound new theory on nature vs. nurture as he wished to explain how we think of ourselves as either a boy or
…show more content…
The first part will also draw upon Chapter 3 of, “Fundamentals of Social Research,” and will compare Doctor Money’s research with against ethical agreements and standards that prevail in Social …show more content…
The first possible error is inaccurate observations. Since observing participants in a research study is considered conscious activity, the researcher can easily make mistakes. These mistakes can range from not paying attention to forgetting a detail when trying to recall it later. Another issue that Doctor Money’s research can be linked to pertains to his theory about nature vs. nurture. As discussed in Chapter 1, this is the issue of overgeneralization. Doctor Money was attempting to prove his theory simple with one research with the twins. He did not conduct any other studies simultaneously or afterwards to prove his theory to stand correct. Replication is important in terms to back up a theory. This is because when a research is replicated many times and the same results are equivalent to the first time, it is found that the particular theory or research has been proved correct. A danger of overgeneralization is the possibility of leading to selective observation. When Doctor Money came up with the theory and published his work as a success, no other scientists/psychologist looked to replicate his study to see whether results would be the same time after time. Therefore, for a while it was believed that a child could be nurtured into a sex other than the one they were born into. However, after the twins went public and
People trust doctors to save lives. Everyday millions of Americans swallow pills prescribed by doctors to alleviate painful symptoms of conditions they may have. Others entrust their lives to doctors, with full trust that the doctors have the patient’s best interests in mind. In cases such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, the Crownsville Hospital of the Negro Insane, and Joseph Mengele’s Research, doctors did not take care of the patients but instead focused on their self-interest. Rebecca Skloot, in her contemporary nonfiction novel The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, uses logos to reveal corruption in the medical field in order to protect individuals in the future.
Those who were affected by the testing in hospitals, prisons, and mental health institutions were the patients/inmates as well as their families, Henrietta Lacks, the doctors performing the research and procedures, the actual institutions in which research was being held, and the human/health sciences field as a whole. Many ethical principles can be applied to these dilemmas: Reliance on Scientific Knowledge (1.01), Boundaries of Competence (1.02), Integrity (1.04), Professional and Scientific Relationships (1.05), Exploitative Relationships (1.07, a), Responsibility (2.02), Rights and Prerogatives of Clients (2.05), Maintaining Confidentiality (2.06), Maintaining Records (2.07), Disclosures (2.08), Treatment/Intervention Efficacy (2.09), Involving Clients in Planning and Consent (4.02), Promoting an Ethical Culture (7.01), Ethical Violations by Others and Risk of Harm (7.02), Avoiding False or Deceptive Statements (8.01), Conforming with Laws and Regulations (9.01), Characteristics of Responsible Research (9.02), Informed Consent (9.03), and Using Confidential Information for Didactic or Instructive Purposes (9.04), and Debriefing (9.05). These particular dilemmas were not really handled until much later when laws were passed that regulated the way human subjects could be used for research. Patients
The study took advantage of an oppressed and vulnerable population that was in need of medical care. Some of the many ethical concerns of this experiment were the lack of informed consent, invasion of privacy, deception of participants, physical harm, mental harm, and a lack of gain versus harm. One ethical problem in this experiment was that the benefits did not outweigh the harm to participants. At the conclusion of the study there were virtually no benefits for the participants or to the treatment of syphilis. We now have
... appears to be the story of a young medical student trying to find his way, but in reality, this story is a critique of the medical field and America in general. It is through Martin’s lack of interest in classes not related to research, and Gottlieb’s dissatisfaction in teaching, that Lewis poses the question should universities focus on research or teaching? Through Gottlieb’s experience at the Hunziker Company Lewis brings to light the argument concerned with how much control pharmaceutical companies and research laboratories should have over researchers. Martin seems to find his scientific paradise in the McGurk Institution, but it becomes clear that this institute preaches commercialism, not in profit but in prestige. The conclusion of the novel suggests the only way to truly escape commercialism is to cut all ties with the commercial world and find escape.
First, when we talk about ethics we talk about moral principles, what is good and what is bad. Throughout the book the author starts showing us the unethical things doctors use to do. For example, on Chapter 3 she writes “Like many doctors of his era, Telinde often used patients from the public wards for research, usually without their knowledge. Many scientists believed that since patients were treated for free
Kass, Leon. "Neither for Love nor Money: Why Doctors Must Not Kill." Public Interest. No. 94. (Winter 1989)
...ects of their study before presenting it to an IBR to be certain it does protect the particpants' rights of respect, beneficience, and justice. Research is an important component of medical advancement; but only if it is performed in an ethical way following all requirements and regulations.
Kant writes states “Autonomy is thus the ground of the dignity of the human and of every rational nature .” Autonomy is one of the foundations of being a human, according to Kant. Since the study was designed to look at the effects of untreated syphilis, the men in the study did not get treatment, which most of them would have likely sought. Because they were never told about the purpose of the study nor were they informed of their condition, there was no way for them to consent to what was happening to them. Because they were not given the information necessary to make these key life-governing decisions, it is immoral and unethical through the eyes of
The David Reimer experiment was set up to test if nature (biology) verse nurture (environment) determines the gender of a child. Dr. Money continued to monitor and study the twins. Brian was the perfectly controlled subject while Brenda was the variable. Dr. Money continued to monitor and record the development of the
Jecker, N. (1990). Integrating medical ethics with normative theory: Patient advocacy and social responsibility. 11(2), 125-139.
Steinbock, Bonnie, Alex J. London, and John D. Arras. "The Principles Approach." Ethical Issues in Modern Medicine. Contemporary Readings in Bioethics. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013. 36-37. Print.
We attribute to our modern healers a great deal of power, and trust that they will use it for our benefits rather than to harm us. Professional codes of ethics are promises that doctors will use their knowledge to benefit patients. The sociologist Talcott Parsons (1951) described what he considered the essential point of this contract. These rights, obligations and privileges are standards of behaviour, which Parsons felt people in American society believed desirable in the 1940s. The sociological term for such a standard of behaviour is a norm.
Press. Parrott, Lester. (2010). Principles and consequences. In: Values and Ethics in Social Work. 2nd ed. Exeter: Learning Matters. P47-67.
Miller, T., Mauthner, M., Birch, M. & Jessop, J. (2012). Ethics in qualitative research. SAGE.
Freedman B. Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research. N Engl J Med. 1987; 317(3): 141-145