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Principles of counseling
Principles of counseling
Principles of counseling
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As one of the founding fathers of humanism, Carl Rogers was very interested in an approach to psychology that had to do with the thoughts and feelings of clients (notice that the word patient is sparsely used). His feelings on resourceful therapy were always centered around the client and how they wanted the therapy to affect their life. In humanistic psychology, the main focus is allowing the client to decide how the therapy would direct them on their own life. Carl Rogers, as with many other humanistic psychologists, believe in keeping the values and morals of the clients in tact. They do not judge their clients, and they try to stay as positive as possible in their therapy sessions with the clientele.
Carl Rogers was born the fourth of six children in 1902 in Oak Park, Illinois. His mother was a Christian homemaker and his father a civil engineer. Rogers was a very smart child growing up, he could read before he was 6 and started school as a second grader instead of a kindergartner. He went on to receive his Bachelor's from the University of Wisconsin in 1924. While he was going to school in Wisconsin, he was chosen to be one of the students to go on a mission trip to China, where he stayed for six months and learned about religion and social philosophy (Kirchenbaum, 2005). His Master's and Doctorate came from Columbia University (Columbia, 2009).
Teaching at honorable schools such as the University of Rochester (1935-1940) and Ohio State University (1940-1044), his most prominent time as a professor was at the University of Chicago when he founded a therapeutic counseling center in 1945 (May et al., 1987). While he lived in Rochester, New York, he was appointed director of the Prevention of Cruelty to Children ...
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...under of several very important concepts such as client-centered therapy and his infamous Nineteen Propositions. Being a humanist, for Carl Rogers, was very important to him because he cared about how people felt. Rogers believed that his theories were necessary and sufficient for therapists trying to learn from their mistakes and move forward with helping their clients. He was not a psychologist for the money or social status, he was a psychologist because he genuinely felt it was his duty to help the needs of the people around him. Overall, Rogers definitely made the world around him a better place. With his strict positivity and everlasting concern for those around him, he was a performer of art in the psychology field. “He believed that psychologists were born, not made.” Every thing he did was for the aid of others, and not many people can fend for that.
Carl Rogers founded the Person-Centered Approach on the idea that client/therapist relationships can only be successful if the therapist’s attitude toward the client is being built on three core conditions: Congruence which is being real and authentic, Unconditional Positive Regard which is being accepting and nonjudgmental of the client, and Empathy which is sensing feelings as well as personal meanings clients are experiencing (Corsini & Wedding, 2008). Other concepts of the Person-Centered Approach include: importance of self-awareness, self- actualization and growth, belief that humans are self-determining ...
As the field of counseling continues to progress numerous theoretical orientations have been developed. One theoretical approach to counseling has been coined as person centered counseling or client centered therapy. This type of approach is commonly referred to as Rogerian psychotherapy. Rogerian therapy focuses on the empowerment of individuals with the inner self. These constructs are vital to ensuring and promoting a transparent and honest atmosphere which subsequently results in effective counseling. The behaviors that are found in client centered counseling are valuable as they motivate the client to explore their "hidden feelings" and become aware of where their feelings derive from. Being afforded the rare opportunity to see Rogers
Carl Jung came into the world in 1875 in the country of Switzerland and he passed in 1961. He was a very famous psychologist who founded the habits of analytic psychology in response to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. He had many finding that still affect today such as extroverted and introverted personality types, archetypes, and collective unconscious. Jung was a very lonely child and had a rather ...
broke away from Freud in order to develop his own theory: analytic psychology. As I previously
Humanistic psychology relies on client centred therapy and the idea that each individual has the potential to achieve a position in their psyche named self actualisation. Humanistic psychology differs from psychodynamic theory in that it is optimistic about the human psyche and does not view conflict as inevitable. Humanistic psychology assumes people attach meaning to their unique perspectives on the world and that behaviour is strongly influenced by this. Carl Rogers defined the healthy personality as being one that had congruence between the perceived self and the experienced self and that the individual in question experienced unconditional positive regard from their parent or guardian. He defined an unhealthy personality as being one which lacked these components. Abraham Maslow alternatively suggested a hierarchy for which a person’s healthy personality could be measured by stages of psychological and physical needs (see diagram 2). He suggested that, for a person to achieve self actualisation and become a fully functioning person, they must first satisfy all the needs of each level in the pyramid before moving onto the next
Psychologist, born in Susquhanna, Pa. He studied at Harvard, teaching there (1931-6, 1947-74). A leading behaviorist, he is a proponent of operant conditioning, and the inventor of the Skinner box for facilitating experimental observations.
Carl Jung was born in 1875 in the country of Switzerland and later passed in 1961. He was a very influential psychologist who founded the habits of analytic psychology in response to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. He had many findings and research that still affect psychology today. As a child, Jung spent most of his time alone and, thus, had a rather disappointing childhood. He felt happiest wh...
Carl Jung was the son of Johann Jung and Emilie Jung. Jung’s mother came from a protestant family (Smith, 1996). On both sides of Jung’s
Carl Rogers developed person centered therapy, also known as client centered, non-directive or Rogerian therapy, in the 1930s. The person centered therapy, differs than other typical formal therapy, against directive and psychanalytic approach. Rogers believed that the therapy should take place where there is a close personal relationship between the client and the therapist. Rogers rejected the traditional hierarchical relationship between the client and therapist, and view the clients as equals by using the term “client” instead of “patient”. In person-centered therapy, the client determines the general direction of the therapy while the therapist ask informal clarifying question to promote client’s self-insight and self-understanding.
Two proponents most noted for humanistic approaches to personality are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Both the Person-Centered Theory (Rogers) and the Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow) considered that humans ' true nature was good and that each has the potential for growth. A comparison of the two approaches demonstrates a compatibility between theory and practice. Furthermore, each approach focuses on individual choices and rejects the theory that biology will determine human potential.
All in all, I must say that I believe Rogers lead an incredible life. I think his works are amazing and I treasure the theory which he has provided for our world. I find great interest in the person-centered theory and what it stands for which was in my opinion Rogers greatest accomplishment. It is incredible to look back now and to realize that prior to Rogers the idea of listening to the client and actually hearing what they were saying and not just the vocal words which were spoken was almost non-existent. I am must state that I am very glad to live in the world post Rogers development, in which this idea is no longer foreign.
...ent and society restricts them from expressing their inner selves. This approach does not label the individual with a diagnosis; it perceives every condition as unique (Abnormal Psychology, 2013 pp. 93). With person-centered therapy that Rogers developed, the person is encouraged to achieve their full potential. The client-centered therapy “reflects his belief that people are innately good and that the potential for self-improvement lies within the individual, rather than in the therapist or therapeutic technique” (Abnormal Psychology, 2013, pp.94).
B.F. Skinner was born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania on March 20th, 1904. He had described his child hood as “warm and stable.” His younger brother had died at an early age of a cerebral hemorrhage. Skinner as a child had a significant fear of hell which eventually led him to turn towards atheism. His fear did not indicate that he was at all mentally un- stable. One of his most fond childhood activities was inventing things. A skill that became useful in his later psychological experiments. He was extremely fond of the outdoors and of attending school. His Father was a lawyer and his mother was a very intelligent woman who spent her days as a homemaker. Skinner had an enjoyable childhood.
(Zucconi, 2011). Rogers departed from viewing clients as a “patient” to avoid putting the stigma of a label on them or classifying them. Rogers was of the opinion that such terms or labels influenced a person’s identity and their behaviors causing them to feel the need to live up to the classification that was put on them. (Zucconi, 2011). Rogers was the first therapist to develop a complete therapeutic paradigm that was centered on the entirety or whole person and their potentialities. (Zucconi,
Carl Rogers was a founder of this movement that emphasizes personal growth, and he suggested that the personality only contains one paradigm- the self-concept. The self-concept is a collection of beliefs about one’s nature, qualities unique to them, and their typical behavior. If a person’s self-concept matched reality, then they are considered congruent. If they do not match reality, then they are considered incongruent, and this has an effect on the person’s well being. Rogers believed that a parent’s unconditional love for their child could help foster congruence in that person. (Weiten, Dunn, & Hammer, 2012) He based these humanistic theories off of the interactions that he had with his clients, as he observed them during their sessions. His theories help to explain a person’s defensive behavior among other things, but most importantly, he stressed that psychological health is extremely important. (Weiten, Dunn, & Hammer,