Carbon is ubiquitous: we wear it, write with it, and 18.5% of our body is composed of it. By mass, carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe. Carbon is the element marked with the symbol C and the atomic number six. Carbon is nonmetallic; although, it is sometimes considered a metalloid. Carbon is composed of six electrons and four valence electrons. I chose carbon because of its many useful allotropes of which the three most well known are diamond, graphite, and graphene. Depending on the allotropic form, the physical properties of carbon vary, for example, the diamond is transparent and graphite is black and opaque. I also chose carbon because it has untapped potential to benefit our lives and its many uses continue to …show more content…
Graphene has many inherent properties that make it a valuable allotrope of carbon. Graphene is very well suited for conducting electricity and heat and is 1,000 times more conductive than copper. Graphene is also 100 times stronger than steel and yet extremely lightweight. A 1m2 sheet of graphene weighing less than .8mg could theoretically hold over 4kg. Currently, graphene is used for experimental purposes only; although, the properties of graphene have led to the proposal of many potential applications. The high conductivity of graphene makes it useful for use in batteries and has enabled IBM to use it to make the smallest ever transistor that is only one atom thick and 10 atoms wide. Graphene's high conductivity and transparency make it ideal for solar cells liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and light emitting diodes (LEDs). Graphene could also be used to make ultra strong touch screen displays. Distillation methods for liquids and gasses could be improved with the use of graphene because a graphene membrane has the unique ability to only allow water vapors to pass through while remaining sealed form any other liquids or gasses. Graphene's high thermal conductivity makes it ideal for heat management within computers and as a coolant additive. One report claims that by making a liquid coolant mixture just 5% graphene the thermal conductivity of the fluid would increase by 86%. Additionally, graphene has also been researched for use medically for cancer treatment and drug
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a colorless gas, which was first discovered in 1577 by Van Helmont who detected it in the products of both fermentation and charcoal burning. CO2 is used in solid, liquid, and gas forms in a variety of industrial processes. These include: beverage carbonation, dry ice, welding and chemicals manufacturing. It is produced by the combustion of all carbonaceous fuels and can be recovered in an abundance of ways. It is widely used today as a by-product of synthetic ammonia production, fermentation, and from flue gases by absorption process. CO2 is also a product of animal metabolism and is important in the life cycles of plants and animals. It is present in the atmosphere only in small quantities (.03% by vol.)
The raw Carbon Nanotubes recovered from this process can be directly incorporated in composites or rubber tires which increases the tensile strength and that is a direct application (NAIR & (IN), 2012)
Diamond is a material that has been closely looked at over recent years as a lot of its properties are desirable in mechanicals systems. Because of these diamond is a leading material for MEMS applications in harsh conditions , as it one of the hardest natural materials. As Figure 2 shows both amorphous and crystalline diamond possess much higher elastic moduli and hardness properties than most other MEMS manufacturing materials. This means that diamond is a good material choice for high-wear environments.
So why can we see the color of carbon stars, but not that of most other celestial objects? Because their light is both bright and concentrated into a point rather than being spread out like nebulae and galaxies. Aim binoculars or a small telescope at a carbon star and you’ll see its color even more prominently. That’s because the scope will gather much more light than your eye and will help stimulate your color receptors.
particles in it but not as much as the polystyrene cup so it will cool
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a key global warming gas that is proposed to have direct linkage to global climate changes [1, 2]. Therefore, there is a growing interest in developing technologies for efficient capture and sequestration of large quantities of CO2. An efficient and economical capture material is needed to capture and separate the CO2 produced during various industrial processes. There are four potential sources of carbon dioxide emission; industrial processes, fossil fueled power plants, de-carbonization (production of hydrogen from carbon rich feed stock), and transportation [3]. Among the carbon dioxide emission sources, fossil fueled power plants are ranked the number one potential source. Fossil fuels provide 81 percent of the world’s commercial energy supply [4]. Consumption of fossil fuels produces nearly 30 Pg (petagram) of carbon dioxide annually. About three-fourths of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is attributed to burning of fossil fuels [5].
There are lots of natural processes constantly happening all around us, these processes are often linked by passing one type of atom to the next process which passes the same atom to the next one and so on. This ‘passing of the atom’ along a chain of processes is called a cycle, the series of processes in which the carbon atom goes through is called the carbon cycle. Each Carbon is the fourth most affluent element in the universe and is an important part of most molecules that make up most of the world’s natural resources and organic matter, which is why the carbon cycle is one of the most important cycles on earth. Through-out the cycle, carbon can become several different forms such as sugar, oil, diamond and marble. Processes such as photosynthesis, combustion and the compression of the earth play key roles in changing, containing and releasing carbon. All the chemical reactions and processes and forms carbon creates are part of the carbon cycle, which is one of the most important cycle on earth. The majority of carbon on earth is in the atmosphere the rest is stored in rocks, fossil fuels, oceans, plants and soil. Carbon is constantly being added to the atmosphere, the most common forms being carbon dioxide and methane gas. At the same time it’s being removed by plants on land and in the oceans. Carbon can be stored for hundreds of years in sediment, fossil fuels, rocks and the ocean. The carbon in the atmosphere is almost always a compound called carbon dioxide.
Carbon improves harden ability, strength, hardness, and wear resistance; it reduces ductility, weldability, and toughness.
the discovery of carbon nanotubes, the strongest material known to man, a possible solution has been found.
Carbon fibers were discovered in the late 1800s by Thomas Edison. The early lightbulbs Edison created used the carbon fibers as filaments. These carbon fibers used to create the early lightbulbs had a substantial tolerance to heat, but they lacked the tensile strength of modern carbon fibers. Edison used cellulose-based materials, such as cotton or bamboo, to make his carbon fibers. He used a method called “pyrolysis” to cook the bamboo at high temperatures in a controlled atmosphere to carbonize bamboo filaments, making them fire-resistant and capable of enduring intense heat needed for luminescence.
Carbon itself is one of the most abundant elements in the universe. It can be found in the sun, the stars, comets, and the atmospheres of most planets. There are close to ten million known carbon compounds, many thousands of which are vital to the basis of life itself. In normal combustion, the output would yield two oxygen molecules in combination with one carbon molecule to from carbon dioxide, or CO2. If not enough oxygen is present when the combustion occurs, one molecule is taken in by the carbon molecule to produce carbon monoxide (CO).
Diamonds come in several different color shades such as, yellow, blue, green, or pink. One reason why a Diamond has different colors is through the processes involving heat and radiation. Another reason is that 99.5% of a Diamond is Carbon and the rest are different trace elements. These 0.5% of elements are the reason why a Diamond has different color shades. For example Nitrogen causes it to have a yellow tint , and Boron a blue shade. The pink color in some Diamonds are thought to be caused by deformation of the atomic structure of the diamond crystal. A pure Diamond , which would be 100% carbon, is colorless
This quite novel material has progressed rapidly toward scaling up production of 30 in graphene membranes (Bae et al., 2010). The tiny thickness of graphene, i.e. one atomic layer, and its enhanced tensile strength (Lu and Huang, 2009), could allow accelerated water transport, low pressure supplies, and flexible array of operating conditions, and also, could be considered among the potential advantages of graphene compared to current RO membranes.
Carbon is one of the basic elements of matter (Bush 1230-1231). The name carbon comes from the Latin word "carbo" meaning charcoal.Carbon is the sixth most abundant element (Gangson). More than 1,000,000 compounds are made from carbon(Carbon (C)). "The Element Carbon is defined as a naturally abundant non-metallic element that occurs in many inorganic and in all organic compounds, exists freely as graphite and diamond and as a constituent of coal, limestone, and petroleum, and is capable of chemical self-bonding to form an enormous number of chemically, biologically, and commercially important molecules." Carbon is used in diamonds, petroleum oil, radiocarbon dating, smoke detectors, kerosine, gasoline, carbon fiber. (Alcin).
The molecular formula of carbon dioxide is CO2. Carbon dioxide is a naturally produced nontoxic gas that has no smell. Carbon Dioxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas on the planet next to water vapor. In solid form it is commonly known as dry ice. It is a gas that is mandatory to the survival of most, if not all, living organisms on this planet. Terrestrial animals naturally create carbon dioxide in their lungs when the breathe out Humans alone do not physically or directly need carbon dioxide to survive though. Humans need carbon dioxide to survive because it feeds the plants which produce oxygen for us to breathe. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere also allows for a warmer temperature so that conditions on Earth allow it to be inhabitable. Today we hear that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is becoming a problem even though it is a naturally occurring gas. This is because humans have been interfering with the natural cycle of carbon dioxide.