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Negative economic effects of slavery
Negative economic effects of slavery
Negative economic effects of slavery
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Modern American imperialism continues to thrive on the racial domination and national oppression of African Americans, albeit in a different way. The historical relationship between slavery and capitalism is important because the racial context of American capitalism continues to be staggeringly evident in our society today. African Americans can no longer be bought and sold as slaves, but they are the ones most affected by our current economic crisis. They suffer higher unemployment rates, sharp declines in household wealth as well as losses of homes, health services, and pensions. According to The State of Working America, in 2010, 27.4% of African Americans lived in poverty, compared to the overall U.S. poverty rate of 15.1%. In addition
to that, 45.8% of African American children under age 6 lived in poverty, more than three times the rate for young white children (Mishel). African Americans are even incarcerated at a disproportionate rate resulting from the racialized legal system. Political analyst Abayomi Azikiwe in an article titled The Atlantic Slave Trade & the Rise of World Capitalism writes,
At the turn of the Twentieth Century America is one generation removed from the civil war. For African Americans times are supposed to be improving following the Reconstruction of the south and the ratification of the 15th amendment. Except, in actuality life is still extremely tough for the vast majority of African Americans. Simultaneously, the birthing of the industrial revolution is taking place in America and a clear social divide in daily livelihood and economic prosperity is forming across the country. This time is known as the Gilded Age because as the metaphor emphasizes, only a thin layer of wealth and prosperity of America’s elite robber barons is masking the immense amount of impoverished American laborers. Among the vast majority
While the formal abolition of slavery, on the 6th of December 1865 freed black Americans from their slave labour, they were still unequal to and discriminated by white Americans for the next century. This ‘freedom’, meant that black Americans ‘felt like a bird out of a cage’ , but this freedom from slavery did not equate to their complete liberty, rather they were kept in destitute through their economic, social, and political state.
For more than two hundred years, a certain group of people lived in misery; conditions so inhumane that the only simile that can compare to such, would be the image of a caged animal dying to live, yet whose live is perished by the awful chains that dragged him back into a dark world of torture and misfortune. Yes, I am referring to African Americans, whose beautiful heritage, one which is full of cultural beauty and extraordinary people, was stained by the privilege given to white men at one point in the history of the United States. Though slavery has been “abolished” for quite some years; or perhaps it is the ideal driven to us by our modern society and the lines that make up our constitution, there is a new kind of slavery. One which in
Smith’s three pillars Slavery/Capitalism, Genocide/Colonialism, and Orientalism/War are distinct and interrelated logics which work separately as well as collectively to oppress minority groups. The first, Slavery/Capitalism reduces Black people as no more than property whereby Blackness is equated with slaveability (Smith 67). Smith continues in her discussion through the examination of various forms of slavery such as the formal slave systems, sharecropping, and the prison-industrial complex (Smith 67). The United States system of Capitalism commodifies people lending itself to create a racial hierarchy within society (Smith 67). This structure conveys a promise in which all nonblack people have the opportunity to escape the commodification of Capitalism because they are not Black. Thus, non-Blacks accept their pillar of oppression because at least they are not property and therefore, slaveable like Blacks (Smith 67). This allows Blacks throughout the country to changeover from the property of slave owners to the property of the state (Smith 67).
Until the late 19th century, America was not an imperialist nation in the sense that the western European nations were. The wars with Native Americans were not so much a colonization effort as it was sheer conquest. Imperialism is an oppression of a foreign land and people for the purpose of enhancing the economy and political prowess of the imperialist nation, as well as enforcing the imperialist nation’s culture and often religion on the native population. The Native American oppression was too domestic to be considered imperialism, and was done strictly for the land and the American belief in Manifest Destiny. In short, the Indian wars were no more imperialistic then the Ottoman conquest of the Byzantine Empire or the NAZI invasion of Europe. As a nation, America did not become imperialistic until the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt, under whom the U.S. acquired its first foreign colony. America did have a significant influence in Liberia, despite a void of military presence. The American government’s allowance of slavery and the ensuing anti-slavery campaign led to the rise of the American Colonization Society (ACS) in 1817. The ACS, headed by Robert Finley, bought land on the West Coast of Africa in what is now called Liberia. This project was funded by members of the ACS and the American government, the latter of which donated one hundred thousand dollars in 1819. The ACS had a very strong influence in the American government due to some of its most prominent members, who included James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, Francis Scott Key, Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay.
Capitalism has always been a double-edged sword for the United States. It began as the driving force in pushing along economic growth, but it came at the price of the African society. It was implied, and enforced, that Africans were of a lesser class through the means in which they were "used" by the slave owners to promote their wealth and stature. The larger their plantation, the wealthier and more successful people were seen. But in order to do this, the plantation owners needed workers, but if they had to pay workers reasonable wages, they could not yield a profit.
The descendants of the slaves here in America are showered with government aid David Horowitz states that “trillions of dollars in transfer payments have been made to African-Americans in the form of welfare benefits and racial preferences in contracts, job placements and educational admissions”. Since the 60’s, acts and bills have been passed to return justice to the African-American community. For example the passing of the Civil Rights Act presented by President Lyndon B. Johnson. banned the discrimination of race. In addition, Horowitz asks “if trillion-dollar restitutions and the rewriting of American law is not enough to achieve healing, what is?”. Meaning the government has worked to better the social lives of African-Americans as well as economically.
Europe, in the late 1800’s, was starting for a land grab in the African continent. Around 1878, most of Africa was unexplored, but by 1914, most of Africa, with the lucky exception of Liberia and Ethiopia, was carved up between European powers. There were countless motivations that spurred the European powers to carve Africa, like economical, political, and socio–cultural, and there were countless attitudes towards this expansion into Africa, some of approval and some of condemnation.
Imperialism in America At the turn of the century, America and the views of its people changed. Many different ideas were surfacing about issues that affected the country as a whole. The Republican Party, led by William McKinley, was concentrating on the expansion of the United States and looking to excel in power and commerce. The Democratic Party at this time was led by William Jennings Bryan, who was absorbed in a sponge of morality and was concerned with the rights of man.
The economic exploitation of blacks has its roots throughout history. The beginning of slavery, it can be argued, began the exploitation of blacks in America. It was the key feature of the southern economy and the source of wealth and power of the dominant class in southern society. Money was the motivating factor behind free labor and ultimately became the most important business enterprise of that time.
Since the beginning of slavery in the America, Africans have been deemed inferior to the whites whom exploited the Atlantic slave trade. Africans were exported and shipped in droves to the Americas for the sole purpose of enriching the lives of other races with slave labor. These Africans were sold like livestock and forced into a life of servitude once they became the “property” of others. As the United States expanded westward, the desire to cultivate new land increased the need for more slaves. The treatment of slaves was dependent upon the region because different crops required differing needs for cultivation. Slaves in the Cotton South, concluded traveler Frederick Law Olmsted, worked “much harder and more unremittingly” than those in the tobacco regions.1 Since the birth of America and throughout its expansion, African Americans have been fighting an uphill battle to achieve freedom and some semblance of equality. While African Americans were confronted with their inferior status during the domestic slave trade, when performing their tasks, and even after they were set free, they still made great strides in their quest for equality during the nineteenth century.
After the Civil War ended in 1865, a big question was left: what does the future look like for freed slaves in America? For so long - 246 years, since the first African slave arrived in Virginia in 1619 - Southern African Americans were forced into slavery. However, in 1856, as a result of the Union’s win in the American Civil War and the determination of many, they were finally free - at least legally. The Civil War left a big dent on the South and tension was rising between whites and blacks. In the meantime, African Americans needed help, or else they would fall into the trenches of the American society once again. This was a time of crucial social change for Southern blacks, and the effects of Reconstruction on white and black race relations in America are still apparent and alive today.
Throughout history, people of European or White decent have reign as the dominant race over many. From African Americans to Latinos/Hispanics, Whites surpass these minorities in the financial and economic world. The United States Census supports these claims. The census’s 2014 to 2015 statistics reported that Whites earned a median income of $60,325 while Hispanics trailed in second with $42,520 (Proctor, Semega, & Kollar, 2016). Lastly, African Americans received $35,439 (Proctor, Semega, & Kollar, 2016). Since slavery African Americans have always had to fight and overcome diverse barriers to achieve the social and economic statuses they presently possess. The idea that White supremacy is a global norm that must not be broken is a stigma that African Americans and other minorities must conquer and face daily.
Capitalism does not work as a system without the existence of oppressing and oppressed groups. Since its nascence in the United States, the oppressed group has consisted of Blacks — then with slavery and now with the mask of a democratic and egalitarian government that keeps the oppressed in a stagnated position. The penal system in the United States is an example of the way in which capitalism represses a specific group in order to make a profit. The deep-seated feeling of inferiority blacks have felt since the 19th century with slavery is still present in the minds of Blacks in the modern day not because they are enslaved in the traditional sense, but because they still walk around with the threat of being under constant surveillance. The idea of constantly being watched is a product of capitalism and the prison system; capitalism creates the oppressed and prison serves as a constant reminder of what could happen if the vigilant eyes were to catch them doing anything they should not be doing. Capitalism creates the oppressed by way of institutions everyone finds themselves in from birth, but that happen to work to the disadvantage of Black progress. By repressing Blacks in such a way, the minority group that profits the most from capitalism and holds most of the power over American citizens can continue to make a profit uninterruptedly while Blacks are left struggling to find a way to make a living without facing any severe repercussions.
Throughout history, imperialism has led countries to extend their rule over weaker countries and then colonized those countries to expand their own power. Imperialism allows the ruling countries to use the weaker countries for their resources. Colonizing other countries would then lead to growth and a better reputation for the dominating country. There are many examples of imperialism throughout European history. When many European countries “scrambled” for Africa, it seemed as though Africa had no say in anything. During the 19th century, Europe found a way to use Africa for their own growth and power. Using Africa for their resources, the Europeans colonized Africa without a second thought. European imperialism in Africa had a negative impact because of social disarray, cultural loss, and death it caused.