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Great britain and the industrial revolution
The British industrial revolution
Effects of low wages
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In the mid-eighteenth century, Britain faced a crisis. The early Industrial Revolution had created new technologies that increased production. However, with it came a restructuring of jobs and low wages. Unemployment increased and crime rose. Many poverty-stricken residents resorted to theft (Harris 74). As more burglars were arrested and imprisoned, prisons became overcrowded. As a result, the British government sought a solution to prison overcrowding and packed most convicts onto prison ships anchored off-shore called hulks. These floating jails, however, proved to be a poor solution because of the lack of hygiene and high death rate among prisoners (“Prison Hulks on the River Thames”). Finally, the government decided to transport these and other convicts to the colonies in America. However, after the successful American Revolution in 1787, American leaders refused to accept Britain’s convicts. This left one far-flung territory claimed by James Cook in 1770 for British settlement: Australia (Morgan). Britain formally colonized Australia in 1788 and quickly established penal colonies for its convicts, transporting nearly …show more content…
Convict women were under great pressure to pay for their food, bedding, and clothes with sexual services. Many of the women in Australia, convict or Native, were victims of sexual assault (Fuchs and Thompson 37). It is a popular belief that the reason convict women seemed to be available for all of the men’s (convict or free) sexual needs is because the British government needed some way to keep the men inactive. “The whore stereotype was devised as a calculated sexist means of social control and then, to absolve those who benefitted from having to admit their actions, characterized as being the fault of the women who were damned by it” (Sturma
During the World War II era, the outlook on the role of women in Australian society revolutionised. As a majority of men were at war, Australian women were encouraged to rise above and beyond their stereotypical ‘housewife’ status. They were required to take on the tasks that were once considered predominantly male roles, and also allowed the opportunity to join the armed services as well as enlist in the Women’s Land Army. Many women who doubted their abilities played their part by entering voluntary work. Women had the privilege of contributing in Australian society in many ways that they had never been able before. Thus, it is manifest that the role of women in Australian society had drastically changed.
Most women in Canada before World War One (WWI) were treated poorly compared to the men. Women were dehumanized and were not looked as any worth or value. During WW1 women’s roles in Canada changes to a great extent. The war influence change in the work force and politics. Women had to take on jobs of the men who went to war to keep the established economic system running. In 1911 before the war 16.6% of the female population of 2,521,000 participated in the labour force. During the war in 1921 the participation rate increased from 418,486 female workers to 563,578. War changed their roles greatly as before women were housewives, they would raise the children and do household chores. Now during the war they were needed as men went overseas
During the late eighteenth century, particularly 1770s through 1790s, the common woman of London, England had a primacy through life because of the growing center of prostitution. Women, specifically single women, were considered to be destined for prostitution because of the absence of a male role model. However, some women found great success in this lifestyle because of the beneficial assets garnered within their interactions with their clients. As to the courts, benefiting some of these assets were due to involuntary judgments which lead to women imprisonment. Women who worked as prostitutes were compared to materialistic property used for pleasurable encounters. Often in London, these women were categorized in three different demeanors according to some of the case trials brought against them. The major characteristic was focused on the means of survival. Women struggled to survive in London because of the male dominancy overruling their judgment of their own behaviors and beliefs. Another demeanor of prostitutes was identify with theft and abuse of taking what should have been rightfully owed to them for their services. Lastly, the behavior of organized crime was in favor of prostitutes; for what they did against their clients was only to gain recognition and praise from their brothel-keeper. There was a concerned discourse about the city on whether the act of prostitution was right or wrong. London usually showed a humane attitude towards prostitutes and maintained justice for the women who choose this profession.
Plan of Investigation This investigation will evaluate the question, to what extent did the British Women’s Auxiliary Air Force assist the Allies’ war efforts during the Second World War? This question is important because in World War 1 British women were active in the war effort but to a limited extent, acting as nurses on the battle field and working in munitions factories, but resumed their traditional roles in society after the war. In World War 2 women were more active in the military through auxiliary groups, such as Women’s Auxiliary Force (WAAF) and it is important to understand how much of an impact their work made on the Allies war effort.
Shelagh Delaney’s, “A Taste of Honey”, is a great example of what life was like for women in England in the 1950’s. Women were not offered reliable jobs and were sometimes not treated well by men. “A Taste of Honey” exemplifies the weaknesses and the spirit of women in a poor and restless world. The play also depicts the lives of the working class British citizens. The main characters, Jo and Helen, are an image of the treatment of women in post-war Salford, England (Manchester).
Many convicts began their servitude during transportation. Convicts entered upon what some call a "repressive penal system" through a long oversea journey (Connah 50). The problem with this journey was that "no vessel was specially designed and built as a convict ship" (Batesan 68). This would make the transportation of convicts difficult. These were the kind of ships that Pip saw at the Hulks waiting to take prisoners or waiting to find them in order to continue on their journey, just as they had waited for Compeyson and Magwitch. Often, transportation of convicts was called "convictism"; convicts were thrown on a boat and spent many days in waiting (Inglis 12). Usually the voyage "took eight months, six of them at sea and two in ports for supplies and repairs" (Inglis 6). Often, many convicts died along the way. The case of the Second Fleet in the very beginning of transportation "was the worst in the history of transportation" (O'Brien 168).
During the 18th century the British colonies in the Americas were settled down and had established a relatively well functioning economy and society. They had but one major problem, and it was with the country which had founded them. The British colonies had some grievances with the British government, which contained disagreements between the taxations being imposed on the colonies and the constant cause of chaos being caused by the British soldiers residing in the colonies. The colonies were outraged when they found out about the Townshend Act, and what Britain planned to do with all the money they were going to collect.
In the English colonies during the eighteenth century, women had multiple roles which involve doing mostly housework. During that time, the women were expected to obey their husbands, nurture the children, and do other jobs including outside the house. This was called normally by “women’s work”, and the women had been working in addition to the house, as well as the garden and fields. In addition, women were also been served as tavern hostesses and shopkeepers in different towns. The reason for the women to do so much work is because of inequality with the opposite gender. An example of inequality is when a New England minister stated, “The woman is a weak creature not endowed with the strength and constancy of mind of men.” Eventually, there
Australia has always been portrayed as masculine, heterosexual, and white. For example, the national image that Australians portray are stereotyped as the ‘frontier explorer’, the ‘bushman’, the ‘larrikin’, the ‘digger’, the ‘workingman’, the ‘breadwinner’, or the ‘globetrotting business tycoon’ (Carter 14). Men represent Australia, whereas women are seen in an inferior and domestic light, for example, they are seen as mothers and housewives (Carter
The Colonial Flaneuse: Australian Women Negotiating Turn-of –the –Century London by Angela Woollacott, comprises historical abstracts taken from journals, dairies, and magazine articles. These artifacts help identify as well as support the physical and social mobility of gendered ideologies of London’s turn toward modernism in the 20th century. This article has four specific arguments pertaining to the colonial subjects of Australian women coming to London, to achieve living the ultimate reality. Firstly being how London and modernity fostered white colonial women’s desires for fulfilling lives and careers.
After my very hearty commendation in this letter to myself, I have thought it reasonable to introduce myself as Agnes Russell in the case of any confusion in regards to the writer of this diary. I am the daughter of the lord my father Francis Russell, the 2nd Earl of Bedford and currently reside in London, England. Though I am only one and twenty and too young to be married, it is often on my mind. My father often reminds me that I must always keep our family name in mind and present a good image while I live with my distant cousin, Lord William Lennox, and his wonderful wife, to learn the ways of society. If only he knew of all the craziness I have involved myself in, he would be horrified.
The Victorian era was the age of Queen Victoria. She was the daughter of Edward duke of Kent and inherited the throne when her uncle, William IV passed away. She reigned from 1837 until her death in 1901. Her first years as queen was tainted with social and economic chaos mainly because of the industrial development. During the midst of her reign England possessed a long period of harmony, wealth, sophistication and national confidence as a united nation. Queen Victoria gradually became more popular as a moral leader and model of family values. She established high principles for the Victorian society including the roles of the women.
In this analytic essay we will be discussing about continuity and change in women’s working class and the role they have played in the Canadian economy in the time frame of mid nineteenth century to 1990. Not only women have played a fundamental job in Canada’s economical state but they also have helped transform Canada bits by bits leading into being a better country by establishing social services, and shaping the political practices and institutions. Women developed social services within communities that were facing hard struggles, they improved the services of hospitals and orphanages, increased the safety of local communities and adding to that, obtained better quality education and huge children health enhancement for Canadians. Even
The process of transporting convicted criminals to Australia came about as a result of Britain's defeat in the American War of Independence. With the loss of this colony, Britain also lost its primary depository for its surplus criminal population; and, for a time, these excess numbers were housed in floating jails - 'hulks' - moored on the Thames. This proved an unpopular policy and so, in 1787, a British fleet set sail to build a penal colony at Botany Bay in New South Wales - seventeen years after James Cook had landed there. Robert Hughes, in his study The Fatal Shore, describes this undertaking as 'a new colonial experiment, never tried before, not repeated since. An unexplored continent would become a jail.'
"Women as “the Sex” During the Victorian Era." Victorian Women:The Gender of Oppression. N.p.. Web. 4 Apr 2014. .