Brief History Of Microprocessor

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PIC microcontroller

Brief History
The first microprocessor was developed by a small company called Intel (Integrated Electronics) in the early 1970s. But it faced no consumer market so they decided to market the chipset as “general purpose” microprocessing system where digital logic chips would have been used. This idea was a success and the Intel team developed 4 bit microprocessor called the 4004.

In 1974, the second generation microprocessor (the 8080) was fabricated as a single chip operated by +5V supply.
Meanwhile Motorola released its first 8 bit microprocessor the 6800 with same processing power as Intel 8080. But their internal structures are bit different.
A register based architecture is used in the 8008 with a separate I/O memory which is accessed by the typical MOV instructions where Motorola 6800 used “the memory mapped I/O” means that both memory and byte-wide input/output share the same memory map.

In case of the Intel range of new microprocessors, the 8080 further developed into the 8085 then the third generation 16 bit 8086 microprocessor which, in its 8088 pseudo 16 bit form. 8088 was an 8086 but with only an 8 bit data bus. 8088 made it easier to interface to the common 8 bit peripheral devices available at the time. The 800386 (a 32 bit processor), and 80486 are available today. These processors are designed for large memory maps.
The Motorola developed the 6800 replaced by the 6809 (8 bit), then the 68000 (16 bit), the 68010, 68020, and 68030 used in many workstations.

The more recent development in microprocessor architectures such as the Harvard architecture and the use of Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC) have led to the development of microcontrollers such as the Microchip PIC.

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... middle of paper ...

...unication and USB connectivity.

FIG 4: PIC 18F4550 interfacing circuit

Technical details of interfacing circuit

Circuit Parts Specifications:
• MCU:
PIC 18F4550.

• Power Led:
Led to Indicate Power status.

• Snubber Capacitor:
A 100nf non-polar capacitor is used to (snub) damp/remove any noise in input power supply to MCU unit.

• Oscillator:
A 8 MHz Quartz Crystal is servicing Oscillator along with two 25pf decouple capacitors at in and out OSC pins.

• Master Clear Resistor:
1K ohm weak pull up resistor at !MCLR pin inhibits reset during MCU operation.

• Reset Switch:
Switch may b used to manually reset MCU to start program execution from start.

• Analogue Channels:
4 open Analogue Channels are Available for interface to Co-circuits
Available Channels:
AN0, AN1, AN2, AN3

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