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Essayabout rocket history
China's golden age gunpowder
How did china invent gunpowder
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Wernher von Braun once said, “It [the rocket] will free man from his remaining chains, the chains of gravity which still tie him to this planet. It will open to him the gates of heaven.” Ever since humans have been looking up at the sky, they have been dreaming of ways to find out what exists up in space. Now, with the technology we have today, we can find out information about what exists in our universe thanks to rockets. Rockets have evolved greatly since humans have tried to figure out how to get into space.
The first recorded device to have used rocket propulsion was dated back to 428- 347 B.C. Archytas is a Greek Philosopher believed to have flown a small bird-shaped device that was propelled by a stream of compressed air. The bird possibly was suspended by a wire or mounted around the end of the bar that revolved around some type of pivot. Although the Hero Engine was not a rocket, Hero of Alexandria invented
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In 1232, the Chinese would take sulfur, saltpeter, and charcoal dust and used it to make an early form of gunpowder. Leather and tubes of bamboo were closed off and filled with the gunpowder. A fountain of sparks or a bang was produced when ignited. Therefore, the rocket was born. Later, in the 13th to 15th century, there were many records of rocket experiments, such as using new forms of gunpowder to greatly increase to the range of rockets. According to legend, Wan Hu was a stargazer dreaming of spaceflight in the 16th century. So, he constructed a chair and attached 47 rockets to it. On the day he tested it, 47 officials ignited all of the rockets at once. A gigantic explosion followed, but when the smoke cleared, Wan Hu was nowhere in sight. Some people suggest that he made it all the way into space and became “The Man in the Moon”. Wan Hu had the right idea on how to send people into space, regardless of how his rocket
The earliest model was the trebuchet. It started by using a large weight on one end of a pivoting arm. The arm was pulled back the missile was placed and then let go. The weight went down, the arm went, and the missile launched. The later model gained its power from a tightly wound skein of rope, hair, and skin. the skeins were twisted incredibly tight and then had a wooden arm up to sixty feet long placed in between them. The arm was pulled back using pulleys and rope, the missile was placed in the wood cup and then the arm was released. The arm sprang to a 90 degree angle where it was stopped by a large padded piece of wood. The arm was then brought back down and fired again.
In 1044 AD Zeng Gongliang and Yang Weide wrote a treatise called “Wujing Zongyao” or “Collection of the Most Important Military Techniques” in which several formulas for making powerful blasting powder with a large percentage of nitrate were contained. These experiments with and improvements of gunpowder formulas led to more powerful weapons, including bombs (Needham, Joseph (1986e), Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7: Military Technology; The Gunpowder Epic, Cambridge: Cambridge University
Since man’s first experiences with fire we have longed to control it and we wished to will it to do our bidding. For very long we failed mostly, and we still do sometimes, but with the trials and experiments we have done and died doing, we succeed now, mostly. The first formula that is still written down of an “explosive or pyrotechnic composition” are the three examples of gunpowder in the 1044A.D. Chinese military guide Wujing Zongyao which showed a few uses of this powder they had experimented with for near a hundred years. The most used formula from it was approximately 50% KNO3, also known as Saltpeter in those times, and formally called Potassium nitrate today, ~25% S, Sulfur, and ~25% carbonaceous matter (mostly charcoal and compounds mixed with impure sulfur); the other formulas move the percentages for the KNO3 around 10-15%, S 5-10%, and carbonaceous 7-20% to adjust burn rates and usefulness in certain situations. The likely only reason gunpowder was ever invented was the Chinese’s wish to live long, and their many mixtures of elixirs, which was what gunpowder was intended to be used as (more-pyrotechnics.com). “Within 200 years China had several crude weapons, mostly huge iron or alternative metal barrels and maybe a wooden grip but with no aiming attachment. They also had very many types of fireworks using no telling how many formulae for devices ranging in size, color, and purpose. People in Europe hear of this powder and its power, and then slowly find out more“(more-pyrotechnics.com). Then by 300 years they had better arsenals, larger cannons that actually worked well, and better, lighter barrels. The Indians and Islamic nations have made use of this by now, neither surpassing China’s previous ones nor Europe’s futu...
Feng Ru was the first one to bring aviation to his homeland of China. He faced many challenges but overcame them. A few of the challenges that Feng Ru faced was he did not have much space in his workshop, he also crashed significant his planes, and the anti-Chinese settlement was on the way. Did you know what his last words were? ‘Your faith in the progress of your cause is by no means to be affected by my death.’”, said Ru. Even though, he faced many challenges He was the first one to bring aviation to his homeland.
The Chinese invented the earliest gunpowder-based weapon when they discovered the great potential for using gunpowder in warfare. The Chinese military focused on outsmarting and surprising their enemies with any possible ways. Therefore, fire was used in warfare because it caused great fear and confusion amongst their enemies. To improve their strategies and efficiency in sieging their enemies, Chinese military engineers experimented with gunpowder towards the first millennial. They found that gunpowder in bamboo tubes can propel themselves just with the pressure from the released gas and generally created loud noises and fire. The Wujing Zongyao, a military manual written in 1044 CE by Zeng Gongliang and Ding Du records the fundamental composition of gunpowder (see appendix 1), the process of producing it in large scales, and illustrations with descriptions of the different types of the earliest gunpowder-based weapons (see appendix 2 & 3) such as barbed arrows propelled by gunpowder and different types of bombs. During the 13th century, The Chinese military embraced the applications of gunpowder weapons and used it to prevent the Mongols from seizing parts of the Great Wall on the Northern side of China. The weapons that the Chinese had used include small bundles of gunpowder that would be wrapped in bamboo or paper and were fixed to arrows ignited with a fuse, gunpowder mixed
Pioneering Space " That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. " Those words, spoken by Neil Armstrong, the first man to set foot on the moon, have passed into history. Their emotional delivery, their meaning, and the historically monumental event they commemorate make them some of the most famous words ever spoken.
With the creation of gun powder the Chinese were anxious to use this, in order to do that they needed something to be created so they made the fire lance it was a small cannon on a stick several feet long this is the earliest firearm ever discovered it is thought to be from the late 12th century. This was more of an addition to the soldiers spear than a gun it was not until later that the first hand cannon was made unlike the fire lance this was a weapon of its own and could shoot almost anything that the soldier could jam in the barrel that they could find on the battlefield. Both of these were fired...
Gunpowder was first used by the Chinese to light fireworks. Gunpowder changed the way people will fight in wars forever. It was used in artillery and hand-held guns. Instead of using arrows, people could easily shoot a gun. Early guns were lit by a match and therefore it took a long time to light the match. Gunpowder was also used in bombs. The mixture consisted of charcoal and iron pieces. The bombs would then be catapulted forward to the enemy and then explode. BY the late 1300s, gunpowder had reached the European nations and was used in the French and English military.
The first gunpowder was black powder which is mainly saltpetre. Black powder is thought to be discovered in china. Without gunpowder we wouldn’t be able to protect our country or protect
Outer space has always intrigued the human mind. Ever since humans have inhabited the Earth, they have always looked to the heavens. Ptolemy, who lived over two thousand years ago, dreamed of being with the stars. He said, “I know that I am mortal by nature, and ephemeral; but when I trace at my pleasure the windings to and fro of the heavenly bodies I no longer touch the earth with my feet: I stand in the presence of Zeus himself and take my fill of ambrosia” (Tyson). At that time, reaching the “final frontier” was not even remotely possible. Even in the late 19th century, few people believed such a feat was possible, and yet, a mere half a century later, the first man was launched into space (Irvine 5). How did the human race go from just dreaming about space to actually launching human beings into space in such a short time?
Lukas Thornton Ms. Glick English 10 pd. 1) 9 June 2024 “There must have been moments even that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of his [Gatsby’s] dreams—not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion. It had gone beyond her, beyond everything. He had thrown himself into it with a creative passion, adding to it all the time, decking it out with every bright feather that drifted his way. No amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man can store up in his ghostly heart” (Fitzgerald 60).
On July 16, 1969 an astronaut named Neil Armstrong had a huge mission and that was to fly to the moon. Neil got into the ship and he sat down in his seat. When he heard that click of the seat belt he was having second thoughts. Then he heard 3.2.1 blast off. They left at 7:30 A.M. When they were flying through space they had some trouble there was huge rocks flying around and they flew right threw it. When they landed it was very bad, they crashed into the moon and there ship broke. ‘’Wow look at this Abdulla this is amazing’’ said Alax. Neil Armstrong told Alax and Abdulla that he was going to go outside and look around. Neil went outside and when he took the first step it felt like it was the softest pillow in the world. Neil left and went walking around, but he did not know what he had coming his way.
It is within man’s blood and nature to explore, and space is our next New World. Man’s first achievement in space travel was the launch of the Sputnik on October 4, 1957. For the next decades, space travel was roaring like a rocket, fueled by man’s desire to explore, man’s desire for knowledge, and man’s desire to beat his enemies. However, these impulses have died out as the well of government funding has been diverted to wars and debts, and the interest of the American people has been diverted to wars and debts. Amidst all these issues it is debated as to whether or not space travel is worth the money and the attention of scientists, particularly since humanity faces so many issues on earth currently. However, because of the past inventions, current services, and future benefits, space travel is indeed worth the money and attention of governments and people. It is within our hands to control man’s advancement, and space travel is the next venue to do so.
Since the beginning of time, mankind has sought after learning about and exploring the universe. This yearning drove us to achieve such great things as the journey to the moon and the discovery of water on Mars. Nowadays, several people argue as to whether or not space exploration is worth the effort. I believe that it is humanity’s instinctual nature to pursue a better understanding of ourselves, and our universe. Further understanding of our universe will lead to the discovery of new technologies and ways to secure humanity’s survivability.
The idea of travelling into the unknown has puzzled life since it could move. Where we can not quite, is what intrigues us the most. Ancient civilizations, like the Chinese, have made rockets for celebrations, and for the chance to “catch some air.” Leonardo di Vinci himself tried to make a machine that could hover. Coming up to recent history, we have many countries developing rockets to go to the stars. The three main countries involved being Germany, Russia, and the United States of America (Brief). Germany’s attempts made little to no history, but the United States and Russia got involved in what we know today as “The Space Race.” Each country trying to be the first to go into space, have a man orbiting Earth, and get on the moon. Russia struck first with Sputnik 1, the first man-made object to go into space, intentionally. The United States played catch up and one year later sent Explorer 1. The Russians were a...