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Historical development for atomic structure
Essay by Neil Bohr
Write an essay on the Bohr's atomic model
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Recommended: Historical development for atomic structure
The Bohr model is a big part of Chemistry history. Neils Bohr proposed this model in 1913. It states that electrons orbit the nucleus at set distances. The model was an expansion on the Rutherford model overcame (Coffey, Universe Today). Neils Bohr’s model was based on his observations of the atomic emissions spectrum of the hydrogen atom (Coffey, Universe Today). His findings said that the electron can move to a higher-energy orbit by gaining an amount of energy equal to the difference in energy between the higher-energy orbit and the initial lower-energy orbit (pg.102, line 20). But time and research has proven and changed the Bohr model; Making this model one of the most famous models in Chemistry history. As stated earlier, Bohr said that electrons are at a set distance from the nucleus, but this proved to be true only in the hydrogen atom. Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom explained /observed spectral lines so well that many scientists concluded that the model could be applied to all atoms (pg.103, line 8). It was soon recognized, however, that Bohr’s approach didn’t explain the spectrum of atoms with more than one electron, nor did his theory explain the chemical behavior of atoms (pg.103, line 10). Most significantly, Bohr’s model violates the uncertainty principle because it features electrons with known orbital periods and a definite radius-two attributes which cannot be directly determined simultaneously (aps.org/physics). So basically, Bohr’s model was proved not true, because you cannot know exactly where an electron is at any given moment. Bohr’s model caused scientists to start asking questions. Why did the hydrogen’s electron exist around the nucleus only in certain allowed orbits with definite energies (pg.104, ... ... middle of paper ... ...n what we know now. We can learn so much more from science and chemistry. Though it may not be a subject I particularly love, it has given us so much knowledge on life and our makeup. I have made many points in this paper, but they all center around one subject: Bohr’s model and how big of an influence it made on chemistry history. There are a bunch of details and important equations that have come out of his model, and, although there might be a lot of facts in this paper, it all pertains to Bohr and his model. His model has taken us to where we are today and showed us how we can look at atoms and electrons. The quantum theory we have today would never have existed without him. Though he may have been wrong in his findings, our progress has shown how much truth there really was to Bohr’s model. And in many ways Bohr’s model is a big impact on chemistry history.
Physicist in the 1900 first started to consider the structure of atoms. The recent discovery of J. J. Thomson of the negatively charged electron implied that a neutral atom must also contain an opposite positive charge. In 1903 Thomson had suggested that the atom was a sphere of uniform positive electrification , with electrons scattered across it like plum in an pudding. (Later known as the Plum Pudding Model)
Oppenheimer's early studies were devoted mainly to energy processes of subatomic particles, including electrons,positrons, and cosmic rays. He also did innovative work on not only neutron stars but also black holes. His university provided him with an excellent opportunity to research the quantum theory, along with exploration and development of its full significance. This helped him train an entire generation of U.S. physicists. Furthermore, the most important impact was the invention of the atomic bomb.
The definition doesn’t say anything about the hydrogen atom. All it talks about is the transfer of electron pairs.
physics. The work of Ernest Rutherford, H. G. J. Moseley, and Niels Bohr on atomic
A theory can lead to the development of a model which provides a visual representation and explanation of the scientists’ understanding. A model can assist in predicting what could happen if a particular incident occurs. An example of a model is the Niels Bohr model of the atom.
In 1907, Einstein used Planck’s hypothesis of quantization to explain why the temperature of a solid changed by different amounts if you put the same amount of heat into the material. Since the early 1800’s, the science of spectroscopy had shown that different elements emit and absorb specific colors of light called “spectral lines.” In 1888, Johannes Rydberg derived an equation that described the spectral lines emitted by hydrogen, though nobody could explain why the equation worked. This changed in 1913 when Danish physicist Niel Bohr applied Planck’s hypothesis of quantization to Ernest Rutherford’s 1911 “planetary” model of the atom, which affirmed that electrons orbited the nucleus the same way that planets orbit the sun. Bohr offered an explanation for why electrical attraction does not make the electrons spiral into the nucleus. He said that electrons in atoms can change their energy only by absorbing or emitting quanta. When an electron absorbs a quantum it moves quickly to orbit farther from nucleus. When an electron emits a quantum the electron jumps to a closer
The Atomic Theory began in roughly 400BC with Democritus in Ancient Greece and is universally believed to be correct today. Democritus who was born in 460 BC and died 370 BC and is known as the father of modern science. Democritus proclaimed that everything is made up of atoms. He continued his theory to say that atoms will always be in motion, between atoms there is empty space, atoms are unbreakable, there are an infinite number of atoms all different sizes and shapes. He also said that iron atoms are solid and strong and have hooks to lock them together, water atoms are smooth and slippery, salt atoms have sharp jagged edges because of its taste and air atoms are light and spiralling.
Stemming from the first years of the 20th century, quantum mechanics has had a monumental influence on modern science. First explored by Max Planck in the 1900s, Einstein modified and applied much of the research in this field. This begs the question, “how did Einstein contribute to the development and research of quantum mechanics?” Before studying how Einstein’s research contributed to the development of quantum mechanics, it is important to examine the origins of the science itself. Einstein took much of Planck’s experimental “quantum theory” research and applied it in usable ways to existing science. He also greatly contributed to the establishment of the base for quantum mechanics research today. Along with establishing base research in the field, Einstein’s discoveries have been modified and updated to apply to our more advanced understanding of this science today. Einstein greatly contributed to the foundation of quantum mechanics through his research, and his theories and discoveries remain relevant to science even today.
The next big step in the discovery of the atom was the scientific test that proved the existence of the atom. After the discovery of the atom we had the discovery of subatomic particles. With the discovery of the subatomic particles came the research, which came from experiments that were made to find out more about the subatomic particles. This research is how we uncovered that most of the weight of an atom is from its nucleus. With the gold foil experiment, tested by Ernest Rutherford, he discovered the existence of the positively charged nucleus. He proved this when the experiment was happening, a small fraction of the photons th...
... new ways to treat other diseases like the cancer genes that soon could very well be stopped before they even start. The changes it could bring are amazing there is really no reason to stop learning more about helping to heal the human body.
To start off, learning the Bohr-Rutherford diagrams in grade nine was a very big confusion for me. I had never fully understood how many shells should go around the nucleus nor did I know how to do the many calculations. As I progressed into grade ten, the teachings became easier. The review shows an example such as in the the bohr diagram, a nucleus is in the center, which is a little circle, and following that there are shells surrounding it containing electrons. Each ring can only hold a certain amount of electrons, and so the first shell around the nucleus can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the next shell is able to hold a maximum of 8 electro...
Of all the scientists to emerge from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries there is one whose name is known by almost all living people. While most of these do not understand this mans work, everyone knows that his impact on the world is astonishing.
Science affects the world in many different ways. With the technologies that have been discovered we can now tell how warm or cold it will be for the next week, we will know when a tornado, hurricane, eruption or any other sorts of natural disasters will occur before they actually happen. This also helps out all communities. My family loves to travel, and if airplanes weren’t invented we wouldn’t be able to go to many places. We also need microwaves, stoves and ovens in order for us to eat supper, and fridges and freezers for us to keep our food in. We also enjoy watching television and movies, and I love talking on the telephone and listening to music. Without science none of these things would be possible.
Quantum mechanics has been around for at least a century and for about half of those years it has been widely rejected. When scientist finally saw its potential, they opened up to the idea and started creating many new experiments and finding out the great answers to the biggest questions in life. Scientists will continue to make amazing advancements in quantum mechanics and may be able to one day figure out a way to improve our lives with some of the greatest technology that mankind has ever seen.
...er fully developed and made some of the most important things in our lives today. Inventors such as Albert Einstein would have never reached his full potential and may not have ever even made the light bulb if not for his interest and his schoolings science.