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Political history of Italy
Political history of Italy
Political history of Italy
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Boethius lived during the Medieval period in Italy, where the city-states warred with each other constantly. His was not an easy life, since it was one of politics and accusations. He was eventually exiled and executed, but not long before that occurred, he wrote the Consolation of Philosophy in which he shows how his philosophical teachings helped him rationalize and survive the trials he faced. His book deals with many themes, some of which are fortune, life, despair and death. Because of his life, he is now in a position to consider these themes. He pays special attention to fortune, because in his earlier life he felt like she was on his side but now she deserted him. Boethius the character seems to not understand the entire nature of …show more content…
Although Boethius the character's own viewpoint is not shown in this section, Boethius the writer is showing how he feels Fortune has impacted his own life through the calming and soothing words of Lady Philosophy. Lady Philosophy first addresses Boethius' own Fortune by stating that he is "yearning and pining for [his] earlier fortune" (2P1 line 2). She is talking about when he had a very successful political life and became consul of Rome. However at this point, he has been exiled and imprisoned and therefore feels as if Fortune has turned against him. Lady Philosophy believes it has, but is not surprised that it has due to the nature of Fortune that she has described. However, Lady Philosophy also discusses the point that "[Boethius] think[s] that Fortune has changed towards you, but you are mistaken" (2P1 line 9-10). She is discussing when Boethius was consul and thought that he was very fortunate, however Lady Philosophy sees this still as one of Fortune's games, saying that Fortune's nature never changed. At that point her fickleness was just in Boethius' favor. Lady Philosophy also questions if Boethius should truly treasure his Fortune, asking "Are the attentions of Fortune dear to you, when you cannot trust her to remain, and once she departs she will cause you grief?" (2P1 line 13-14) In this passage, Lady Philosophy again addresses the fickleness of Fortune and how it hurt Boethius when she went away, giving him a reason to not rely on Fortune. All of this leads to the point that if Boethius had not relied on Fortune to begin with, or if he realized what could come from relying on Fortune, he would not have felt as harmed once she
Of Music: Understanding the Text 1. Boethius begins the essay by writing about the other senses, especially sight, before introducing the topic of music because our actions we part take are “not so obvious” why the way we are when we are listening to music and using our senses. The similarity of music and the senses are not so easy to comprehend our actions under the influence of music and the knowledge of our senses. 2.
I was given the task to make a decision concerning the confession of Alexandros of Nicomedia regarding his Monophysite beliefs. After carefully studying Boethius’ Consolation of Philosophy, and closely analyzing his arguments, I was able to come to a conclusion. Boethius would argue that the correct thing to do is punish Alexandros to push him to reform himself rather than just senseless torture, given that wicked men technically do not exist, wicked men are already punishing themselves and wicked man can reform themselves by suing the right punishment.
Consequently, this should not bring him comfort since he is unable to understand it. To fully trust and find comfort in what Lady Philosophy tells Boethius, he must have faith not only in the reasoning of Lady Philosophy but also in a good God. One cannot reason himself to see all things working out for good, they must have faith. Only Providence is capable of seeing how exactly everything works out in the end, humans are left with limited knowledge and the capacity to have faith and trust in God. This is the situation Boethius is left in. His situation is dire, and Lady Philosophy is attempting to help him by reasoning him through a series of assumption to cure him of his sorrow. But in the end, Boethius must have faith to find true
Fate seems to lurk in the shadows of these characters very being and it is this force in which they acknowledge their mortality as human beings. Boethius wrote The Consolation of Philosophy, which may be very helpful in interpreting the meaning of fate in the epic poem Beowulf. Boethius creates fate as a female character that attempts to heal the mind of a troubled man. Richard Green translates some of Boethius’s work in the introduction and interprets this woman’s role as, “She represented fate as a random, uncontrollable force, to be feared or courted, opposed or despised” (xvi). Green is trying to unfold the meaning of fate and Boethius’s intent to illustrate its effects on a man’s life. Boethius himself says that, “Fate moves the heavens and the stars, governs the elements in their mixture, and transforms them by mutual change, it renews all things that are born and die by the reproduction of similar offspring and seeds. This same power binds the actions and fortunes of men in an unbreakable chain of causes and, since these causes have their own origins in an unchangeable providence, they too must necessarily be
In The Consolation of Philosophy, Boethius uses good vs. evil argument in an objective, metaphysical view, on an abstract level. Good being the all-powerful God and evil being nothing. Parallel to that view, there is good vs. bad, which is presented from a human viewpoint. While the good has similar meani...
The Consolation of Philosophy is written by Boethius while in prison awaiting for his execution. It starts out with Boethius talking to lady philosophy and she starts to tell him about the philosophical view on Christianity. She begins by explaining that the vagaries of Fortune visit everyone and she has came there to "cure" him of all his suffering and sickness he is feeling through this troubling time. Boethius's view is more of a philosophical point of view meaning that he uses reasoning and experience to base his view of God. He doesn’t understand why bad things happen to good people and why good things happen to bad people. Boethius had a hard time understanding that God would allow good people to have a troubling life. Boethius has a
The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that the events in Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, are the result of the hero’s self determination and restless attempt to escape a terrifying destiny predicted for him by the oracle of Apollo at Delphi. My intention is to prove that although the Fates play a crucial part in the story, it is Oedipus'choices and wrong doing that ultimately lead to his downfall.
The most important Boethian influence Chaucer extracts is the intensity of something being increased or decreased by the knowledge of its opposite. Boethius' main discussion of this concept is in books three and four deal where he deals with the problem of evil. The question at hand is, "How can evil exist in a world with an omnibenevolent and omnipotent God?" If God is all-powerful, is anything impossible for God? If God is all-good, can God commit evil? After much discussion, Boethius concludes that evil is a lack of good and those who commit evil lack something. He writes, "so it is plain that those who are capable of evil are capable of less" (Boethius 110). He continues, "Therefore the power of doing evil is no object of desire" (110). Thus "the power of doing evil" is a lack of "the power of doing good." Boethius can know what evil is only when he first realizes how to determine good.
Despite Boethius’s initial resistance, Lady Philosophy shows that because Boethius did not own his wealth or position, he was subject to Fortune’s transitory...
Marcus Aurelius was a famous philosopher in 121 through 180 C.E. He lived a hard life and even though he was surrounded by crowds he was considered a recluse. He was known for his kindness and mercy. The last years of his life were spent on a military campaign. It is said that these years were the hardest and loneliest. However, instead of becoming bitter and angry Aurelius wrote The Meditations. This was a diary or journal of his personal thoughts. He believed that by writing this it was his duty to his soul. The Meditations, is a popular piece of stoic literature. In this paper I will be describing how Aurelius used stoicism in book two of The Meditations and what I liked and did not like about what he said.
Boethius stands firmly against the advantages of fame in The Consolation of Philosophy. Boethius maintains that fame, like every worldly achievement, is taken away some time after death: “Should you believe extended life will surely dawn/ Through tidings of your earthly fame,/ Mere lapse of time this expectations will dethrone./ a second death waits you to claim” (Boethius 37). Lady philosophy proves this by asking, “How many men, highly famed in their own day, have been expunged from our memory…?” (Boethius 36). Philosophy asserts that not only is fame temporary, it is also relative to where you live. She inquires Boethius to think, “Perhaps you have not learnt of the flight of Anaxagoras, of the poison forced on Socrates, of the torturing of Zeno, for these took place abroad; but at any rate you have been able to acquaint yourself with such figures as Canius, and Seneca, and Soranus, for the tradition about them is still fresh and famous” (Boethius 7). Corroborating her argument, Boethius was only aware of the events that happened in close proximity to him. Now that she has proved that fame is only temporary and relative to proximity, Lady philosophy goes of to show that fame does not have any real value in the grand scheme of the
Boethius feels disappointed because he is not at peace with his own mind and soul in the later years of his life. He is in a moral dilemma because he has lost touch with himself, as well as, the world and its creator. In my opinion, Seneca and Aurelius both agreed with Boethius because they all believed in a higher power who helps one with
Virgil’s Aeneid adopts Homeric material by combining both Homeric themes to create a double theme and by following a similar plot found in both the Iliad and the Odyssey. Virgil has also in a way adapted Homeric material by having Aeneas embark on a journey similar to Odysseus’ but different in its own way. As well as, through the utilization of fate and destiny that play a vital role in Aeneas’ journey. However, Virgil has the upper hand in his writing of the Aeneid because he was literate, along with the fact that he was capable of reading both Homeric poems rather than listening to them as was done in the past. This allowed Virgil to study both poems in depth and develop his character, Aeneas, in a new and profound way.
If she was so desperate to kill herself, the reality of fate prevailed to show to have a toll on her life. Just as it had on Oedipus, destiny and declaration from the gods prevailed, therefore proving to show that one cannot run away from what they are destined to be or have happen
Oedipus in the play Oedipus Rex experiences a reversal of fortune, discovery of truth and an abundance of calamity due to a series of events that occurred. Oedipus faced a transposal of fortune through his attempts of running away in order to abstain from his predetermined fate. Initially, Oedipus was discarded by his biological parents to prevent the fortune from surpassing; he eventually encircled his destiny and ran away from his adopted parents and went right back into the midst of his natal parents. Oedipus enfaced an unexpected reversal as he unknowingly fulfilled his fate of killing his biological father and put a curse on himself, “Now my curse on the murderer. Whoever he is, a lone man unknown in his crime or one among many,