In The Consolation of Philosophy, Boethius delves into topics including happiness, free will, and knowledge. Boethius centers this work around his own life, particularly his unfortunate arrest, where he serves as the “diseased” main character along with Lady Philosophy, a mystical being who attempts to “heal” Boethius of misery. Leading into Book II, Boethius believes that Lady Fortune, who sent him from a prominent philosopher and politician to a cell awaiting execution, is the cause for his misery. Man’s Covetousness, Song II of Book II, shifts from Boethius’s central perspective to humanity as a whole, questioning Fortune’s place in man’s misery, highlighting aspects of man’s greed, and leading us into the path to true happiness. Although …show more content…
By using the powerful adjective “all-devouring” to describe humanity’s greed, Boethius further emphasizes the entirety of it, leaving the reader to wonder if humanity is greater than or fully consumed by greed. Similar to Socrates’s leaky jar analogy—people lacking self-control are like leaky jars, always filling themselves up with momentary pleasure or impulses whereas those with self-control are content with what they have—the greed most people have tempts them into constantly refilling their jars with “wealth, rank, power, glory, [and/or] pleasure” (Boethius Book III Ch. 1). …show more content…
Even though Fortune feeds into humanity’s greed, she also reveals how to obtain happiness. Contrarily, Boethius also brings forth an idea of contentment in Man’s Covetousness. First, he questions “Will the race of man, content, cease to murmur and lament?” (lines 5-6), describing a negative correlation between contentment and unhappiness. Simply put, the way to end humanity’s unhappiness is to replace greed with contentment. Knowing, or believing, that living a content life is the way to achieve happiness, Boethius wonders if everyone will ever truly come to the undivided realization that their desires are preventing them from reaching their one true desire: happiness. Additionally, Boethius mentions “Honours, rank, and fame—content / Not a whit is nigher” (lines 9-10), developing goals that might align with being content before dismissing them as being completely different. These failed goals parallel some of the concepts mentioned earlier, particularly “rank, power, [and] glory” (Boethius Book III Ch. 2. As faults in the pursuit of
Happiness is a reprise from the many trials and turmoil of life, and so it is natural that we should actively seek it. Ironically though, in our naïve belief that we can somehow augment the amount of happiness in our world, we are actually making our world more depressing to live in. Both John F. Schumaker, in The Happiness Conspiracy, and Ray Bradbury, in Fahrenheit 451, argue that our myopic pursuit of happiness is actually counterproductive. The two authors attempt to persuade the reader that happiness is, and should be, an almost-serendipitous byproduct of a truly fulfilling life, and therefore should not be an explicit objective.
Aristotle accepts that there is an agreement that this chief good is happiness, but that there is a disagreement with the definition of happiness. Due to this argument, men divide the good into the three prominent types of life: pleasure, political and contemplative. Most men are transfixed by pleasure; a life suitable for “beasts”. The elitist life (politics) distinguishes happiness as honour, yet this is absurd given that honour is awarded from the outside, and one’s happiness comes from one’s self. The attractive life of money-making is quickly ruled out by Aristotle since wealth is not the good man seeks, since it is only useful for the happiness of something else.
In the Consolation of Philosophy, while wallowing in his sorrow, Boethius is interrupted by Lady Philosophy who seeks to help him in his hour of need. Driving away the Muses, Lady Philosophy begins her treatment of Boethius. She does this by walking Boethius through a series of discussions, eventually leading to conclusions that should comfort Boethius. While Lady Philosophy attempts to logically show that all fortune is good, in an effort to comfort Boethius, she also shows that humans are incapable of fully understanding this and therefore complete comfort in this knowledge is impossible without faith. She attempts to show Boethius, through the explanation of Providence and Fate, that their bad fortune does not exist but at the same time also gives him several reasons why he will not be able to understand it. She makes it very clear that man cannot understand Providence’s working out for good because man only sees confusion and disorder and they cannot know peoples inward motives and inclinations. This means that Boethius cannot find comfort in logic and reason alone, but must have some form of faith.
The philosopher Aristotle once wrote, “Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence.” This famous quote compels people to question the significance of their joy, and whether it truly represents purposeful lives they want to live. Ray Bradbury, a contemporary author, also tackles this question in his book, Fahrenheit 451, which deals heavily with society's view of happiness in the future. Through several main characters, Bradbury portrays the two branches of happiness: one as a lifeless path, heading nowhere, seeking no worry, while the other embraces pure human experience intertwined together to reveal truth and knowledge.
The aspect of greed shows itself as the heart of the many immoral acts committed by fictional characters and real people. From Adam and Eve’s betrayal to Macbeth’s collapse portrays what greed can produce as a result: destruction. Whether it destroys one’s health, it inherently portrays as a force to the path of corruption. The Pardoner, from The Canterbury Tales, defines greed’s purpose. This includes how greed pulls them to degeneration. No matter how subtle the fall, it still brings to distasteful events for the characters from The Importance of Being Earnest. Although the characters differ, their obsessions with their immoral acts decline their personalities. Thus, the authors portray the characters’ greed, as a pernicious force that drives
Fate seems to lurk in the shadows of these characters very being and it is this force in which they acknowledge their mortality as human beings. Boethius wrote The Consolation of Philosophy, which may be very helpful in interpreting the meaning of fate in the epic poem Beowulf. Boethius creates fate as a female character that attempts to heal the mind of a troubled man. Richard Green translates some of Boethius’s work in the introduction and interprets this woman’s role as, “She represented fate as a random, uncontrollable force, to be feared or courted, opposed or despised” (xvi). Green is trying to unfold the meaning of fate and Boethius’s intent to illustrate its effects on a man’s life. Boethius himself says that, “Fate moves the heavens and the stars, governs the elements in their mixture, and transforms them by mutual change, it renews all things that are born and die by the reproduction of similar offspring and seeds. This same power binds the actions and fortunes of men in an unbreakable chain of causes and, since these causes have their own origins in an unchangeable providence, they too must necessarily be
In The Consolation of Philosophy, Boethius uses good vs. evil argument in an objective, metaphysical view, on an abstract level. Good being the all-powerful God and evil being nothing. Parallel to that view, there is good vs. bad, which is presented from a human viewpoint. While the good has similar meani...
The Consolation of Philosophy is written by Boethius while in prison awaiting for his execution. It starts out with Boethius talking to lady philosophy and she starts to tell him about the philosophical view on Christianity. She begins by explaining that the vagaries of Fortune visit everyone and she has came there to "cure" him of all his suffering and sickness he is feeling through this troubling time. Boethius's view is more of a philosophical point of view meaning that he uses reasoning and experience to base his view of God. He doesn’t understand why bad things happen to good people and why good things happen to bad people. Boethius had a hard time understanding that God would allow good people to have a troubling life. Boethius has a
In conclusion, Aristotle’s elucidation of happiness is based on a ground of ethics because happiness to him is coveted for happiness alone. The life of fame and fortune is not the life for Aristotle. Happiness is synonymous for living well. To live well is to live with virtue. Virtue presents humans with identification for morals, and for Aristotle, we choose to have “right” morals. Aristotle defines humans by nature to be dishonored when making a wrong decision. Thus, if one choses to act upon pleasure, like John Stuart Mill states, for happiness, one may choose the wrong means of doing so. Happiness is a choice made rationally among many pickings to reach this state of mind. Happiness should not be a way to “win” in the end but a way to develop a well-behaved, principled reputation.
Around 524, the Christian philosopher Boethius awaited his death. During the last stage of his life, he composed one of the most influential writings of the Medieval period: The Consolation of Philosophy. C.S. Lewis says of the work, "To acquire a taste for it is almost to become naturalized in the Middle Ages" (Lewis 75). Over 800 years later, Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the most highly praised authors in the English language, would draw upon Boethius to compose his finest work, Troilus and Criseyde.
Boethius places an increased emphasis on God’s eternal goodness to prove He can neither causes nor condone wickedness, intending to provide comfort for the virtuous affected by injustice. Boethius’s belief concerning the interaction of evil and justice in the Consolation of Philosophy intends to comfort the virtuous from the seemingly wicked world. Lady Philosophy, representing reason, soothes Boethius’s initial concerns by explaining how evil, the absence of good, can never defeat justice, and that the wicked will receive their punishment when Providence sees fit. Boethius also places an increased emphasis on God’s eternal goodness to clarify the role of Providence in the natural plan of the world. Boethius advises the reader that true happiness can only be found in the stability of the self and a virtuous lifestyle.
Happiness: an idea so abstract and intangible that it requires one usually a lifetime to discover. Many quantify happiness to their monetary wealth, their materialistic empire, or time spent in relationships. However, others qualify happiness as a humble campaign to escape the squalor and dilapidation of oppressive societies, to educate oneself on the anatomy of the human soul, and to locate oneself in a world where being happy dissolves from a number to spiritual existence. Correspondingly, Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 and Krakauer’s Into the Wild illuminate the struggles of contentment through protagonists which venture against norms in their dystopian or dissatisfying societies to find the virtuous refuge of happiness. Manifestly, societal
I will make a case that due to Mulder’s PTSD his mind has fabricated a memory in which he imagines a supernatural cause for the abduction of his sister. I will provide evidence for this claim is through various episodes in the show X-files, specifically the episode “Closure” in season seven. I shall summarize the dynamic of the TV show X-files and the role Fox Mulder plays in the show. Fox Mulder, a “believer,” and Dana Scully, a sceptic, are FBI agents faced with case assignments which may involve the supernatural as well as aliens. Together they run the X-files, a department of the FBI dedicated to investigating unexplained cases.
Greed, being a key human condition, has shaped society from the very start. In fact, some scholars believe that greed was the first major milestone of human success, when the first human wondered why he/she had to scrounge around for necessities; it is a part of being human to be greedy. Wanting a new car, to be loved by another, or to desire the feeling of well doing when feeding the needy, these are all factions of greed...
Happiness can be viewed as wealth, honour, pleasure, or virtue. Aristotle believes that wealth is not happiness, because wealth is just an economic value, but can be used to gain some happiness; wealth is a means to further ends. The good life, according to Aristotle, is an end in itself. Similar to wealth, honour is not happiness because honour emphases on the individuals who honour in comparison to the honouree. Honour is external, but happiness is not. It has to do with how people perceive one another; the good life is intrinsic to the...