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Colonialism and its effects
The arrival of European imperialism
Colonialism and its effects
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In history, Europeans have been known to colonize many parts of the world. The Europeans were so spanned across the globe that the notion that the “sun never sets on the British Empire” was inevitably true. However, this leads to the questioning, what motivated the Europeans to colonize such a vast amount of countries? In the documentary video, “First Contact,” three white men stumble across thousands of natives in a foreign land and eventually colonize the native’s land. This concept of white men colonizing natives is the foundation for colonialism. But the question remains, why were these men compelled to colonize these natives? In the two articles, “Body Rituals of Nacirema” by Miner Horace and “Geographical Basis of World History” by Hegel …show more content…
In Miner Horace’s “Body Ritual Among the Nacirema,” he portrays how an outside perspective affects perception of an alien culture. In the reading, it starts to come clear that Horace is observing not a foreign tribe, but rather Americans and their every day rituals. Within the Nacirema tribe, Miner describes strange “mouth rituals” (Miner, ), which, in reality, is just brushing one’s teeth. This simple, daily act is the norm for the American society, however, it may seem ridiculous and unnecessary to another. To another culture, it may seem so different and strange, but it is perceived as completely normal to the people who live them. In addition, Miner observes that the tribes people visit a “listener specialist” to discuss their problem. Assuming that the Nacirema tribe is primitive without knowledge, Miner presumes that they go to the listener as a ritual to “exorcise the devils that lodge in the heads of people that have been bewitched” (Miner, ). In relation to colonialism, this sounds very similar to how Europeans observe natives and their seemingly bizarre customs. Furthermore, Miner is studying the American culture to portray how a European would observe a native tribe. Miner goes as far as using diction such as “exotic customs” and “habitat” to simulate that the Nacirema tribe is wild and have a culture that is based on ridiculous traditions and absurd beliefs. Through this example, it can be seen how an outside observer’s perceptions can be narrow-minded as he or she concludes that a race is inferior due to their
The focal point of the shrine is a box or chest which is built into
Anthropologists learn about a culture through participant observation. They often experience cultural shock when encountering with different cultures. Horace Miner in his essay Body Ritual among the Nacirema wrote about the unusual rituals and beliefs of the Nacirema. He describes the Nacirema as a North American group whose rituals originated from their magical beliefs. When I first read the essay, the practices of Nacirema seems ridiculous to me. However, I was amazed when I found out that Nacirema turns out to be the word American, but spelled backward. I then reread the essay and realized that the culture hero, Notgnihsaw and the temple, latipso are also the wordplay of Washington and hospital. After all, the essay was a satirical essay
In Horace Miner’s article, “Body Ritual Among the Nacirema”, he talks about a tribe and describes their odd behavior. He tells about how the tribe performs these strange daily rituals and how their peculiarity is extreme, but in fact he is actually speaking of Americans as a whole (Miner). Miner uses this style of writing to more effectively prove his point: that Americans are ethnocentric.
“Body Ritual among the Nacirema” by Horace Miner was a very interesting read. It took me a while to actually, fully understand the meaning of the article. The first time that I read through the article I was dumbfounded on how strange the rituals described in the article were. I genuinely thought that the author was describing a very primitive culture found in a remote area of the Americas and did not have the slightest clue that the author was talking about the American culture found in the United States. Originally, the article made me wonder how, in such an advanced world, there could still be such a primitive culture as the one described in the article. The article “Body Ritual among the Nacirema” by Horace Miner opened my eyes to how another person may look at the American culture and how strange it may seem to them.
Although the only explanation we were presented regarding the reasoning or motives of this colonization was the vague answer of Gold, God and Glory. Which from a general perspective is correct, although similar to various topics in history, there is much more then what we have originally thought. Likewise, Taylor explains how, “until the 1960s, most American historians assumed that the “the colonists” mean English-speaking men confined to the Atlantic seaboard.” Overall, after much research and information from various sources, I will explain the overall motives these countries had and how they intertwine with one another.
“Body Rituals among the Nacirema” is a document written by Mr. Horace Miner. Miner was a graduate of the University of Chicago, with a degree in anthropology. Throughout his life, Miner was dedicated to his studies ranging in anthropology to sociology. He was very interested in the study of anthropology, but Miner disagreed with the way that other cultures were represented. He thought American anthropologists believed that the American culture was “normal” and, that the other studied cultures were misrepresented (Hoogland). Miner was convinced to prove otherwise. He wanted to prove to other anthropologists that to other cultures the American culture could be viewed as unusual.
Worldview is the lens through which someone views their life and interprets the world around them. Our worldview is what shapes our beliefs and practices of healing. In “A Very Bad disease of the Arms” by Michael Kearney talks about his own worldview, which was scientific and materialistic compared to the Ixtepeji worldview. We expect Kearney worldview to be just that because he comes from an educated and financial stable background. On the other hand, we have the Ixtepejanos which are not privileged enough to have the background of an ideal “white man”. An anthropologist comparative method is used to find differences and similarities between cultures. Kearney wanted to know why they “could walk the same streets, abide in the same houses, eat the same foods, and yet live in such different cognitive universes”. Kearney realized that he faces each day with a sense of security knowing that he’s in control of the factors that affect him directly. In the contrary, Ixtepejanos interpret their world with harmful and lethal immaterial forces.
In Horace Miner’s Body Ritual Among the Nacirema, Miner demonstrates how the Nacirema’s culture and performed rituals are poorly understood. Miner’s harsh perception of the Nacirema’s rituals influences the reader’s perception. While the Nacirema’s rituals may seem to have exotic customs and sound taboo, the observer, Miner uses a technique that is inaudible to the conscious mind and makes the strange seem familiar by comparing the Nacirema’s rituals to those of modern-day Americans of
Shrines that Nacirema use for their secret ceremonials are bathrooms. Group of vestal maidens work in temple to heal the sick were actually nurses or medical workers in hospital, and bundle of hog hairs are toothbrush. Miner depicts daily routine like brushing our teeth in uncanny way like using bundle of hog hairs into mouth as daily private mouth-rite ceremony. Breast augmentation was a unique ritual to make women’s breasts big in Miner’s article. Miner manipulates language by describe regular human behaviors into something odd, many things Nacirema act created allusions as Nacirema is from an exotic tribe from ancient time. Reader can get Minor’s sense of humor when he portrayed American as Nacirema, and when he referred a dentist as Holy-mouth-men. I saw the humor of Miner’s story. Miner’s use of ironic humor on regular daily routine, made reader to feel what those activities were something bad we did toward our body. His manipulation of language made regular activities of human beings seem uncivilized. His way of ironic humor made me know that sometimes what we do daily and considered as a natural things to do, might be rather odd for people from a different culture to
In Horace Miner’s “Body ritual among the Nacirema.” Miner writes about the strange customs and rituals practiced amongst the Nacirema tribe. These rituals revolve mostly around the human body which is seen as “ugly and that its natural tendency is to debility and disease” (Miner, 1). In order to treat their natural afflictions, the natives put themselves through a daily series of seemingly sadistic and brutal rituals that include visiting a holy-mouth man who ”opens the client's mouth and enlarges any holes which decay may have created in the teeth”(3) and “scraping and lacerating the surface of the face with a sharp instrument.”(3). Upon closer inspection, the reader soon realizes that the exotic Nacirema tribe that Miner describes is in fact our own culture (Nacirema is American spelt backwards) and that these bizarre rituals are daily actions that we ourselves take part in regularly.
The author Horace Miner’s article “Body Ritual among the Nacirema” is a comment on the vanity that is present in the American culture. He focuses on a North American Group, which he considers Naciremas which is Americans backwards. Horace Miner demonstrates that attitudes or daily rituals have a convincing sway on numerous establishments in Nacirema society. The writer uses many metaphors to describe this vanity including his statement that “women” try to cover up their impurities by applying makeup in addition to getting surgeries and other things to fix what they think is wrong. However, in reality Miner uses this metaphor to show that the American culture is vain and always tries to fix its faults and mistakes. Basically, Miner uses the
Societies often exercise complicated religious ceremonies and daily services that are seemingly irrational, but define their culture and give them a distinct personality. In “Body Ritual among the Nacirema”, author Horace Miner (1956) recalls his studies about a “North American group called the Nacirema, living in the territory between the Canadian Cree, the Yaqui and Taraumare of Mexico, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles” (Miner, 1956). During his expedition, Miner (1956) viewed many outwardly odd Nacirema practices such as “using magical potions and charms to defend against ailments, or drilling holes in their teeth, so they can insert supernatural substances that draw friends” (Miner 1956). In order to better understand a society’s culture, research methods such as the “life course approach”, “role taking”, and “resocialization” should be studied.
The goal of the anthropologist is to come to understand the beliefs and behaviours of the cultures around them, without judgement. When one scrutinizes Western rituals, we often have difficulty seeing the strangeness of our own culture. To understand those around us, we must first be able to understand ourselves. In this paper, I will attempt to critically summarize and analyze Horace Miner’s “Body Ritual among the Nacirema”.
After reading Horace Miner’s Body Ritual Among the Nacirema I cannot say that I would want to be part of the tribe. A huge reason would be that I could never go from my own Christian faith to the religious practices of the Nacirema. My second reason for not wanting to be part of the tribe is that I could never be subjected to the horrific medical practices and “magical potions” used on every citizen in the tribe.
... nations of the time saw their expansion and imperialism as a profoundly nobly pursuit. The native people of Asia and Africa were considered to be savages and uncultured. The influence of European ideals and ways of life would, in the minds of their conquerors, help these people achieve better lives and a lead them to a better existence.