To judge someone by his or her inability to move is catagorized under the same branch of prejudices of racism and homophobia. Though their limbs may not function in the way their brain desires them to, their hearts beat for a sense of unity and equality, that they rightfully deserve. People labeled as “crippled,” “disabled,” or “immobile” are often ostracized by “the healthy” and treated in both a demeaning manner and a misinterpreted charitable aid. Essays written, by wheelchair bound writers include “Disability” and “On Being a Cripple”, by Nancy Mairs, “Why the Able Bodied Still Don’t Get It,” by Andre Dubus, and “Should I Have Been Killed at Birth,” by Harriet McBryde Johnson, discuss their personal experiences and opinions on the two, …show more content…
disconnected worlds that separates the able from the disabled. Not only do they argue and defend their position as living, prosperous people, but they also express, in great detail, the pity and charity they receive. Although these gestures are only meant to be considerate, the writers explain how these actions indirectly reveal that the able-bodied believe cripples are incapable of performing them on their own. One may argue that these people do need help. However, walking in the shoes of a disabled person, no one wants to be viewed as a helpless, dependent being.
To a high degree, society needs to be more open minded and realize there is little difference between the communities of “healthy” and “unhealthy” to allow everyone to fulfill a successful lifestyle in individual ways. As a result of the public’s personal perceptions, it is common for civilians to feel pity and a desire to aid people who have been impaired. What seems as a comforting, charitable act of kindness actually destroys the self-confidence that the handicapped are trying to build for themselves. Instead, pity is felt inside their hearts and there is an inner thought that the able-bodied does not believe in the independence of the handicapped. Experiencing both sides to this argument, writer Andre Dubus writes his essay to defend his position before and after his impairment. Before his life-changing accident, Dubus admits to his own sense of pity and remorse for a friend, in a wheelchair, who was unable to push himself fully up a hill. He expresses his emotions when he reveals, “I felt the embarrassment of being whole while he was not, and went up to him and pushed” (Dubus, “Disability”). Clearly, it is common to feel empathy towards (Do you have any more words like “cripple?” I don’t want to keep using the same few words over and over again). Dubus later goes on to describe
that we only live in a world full of pity and sympathy when he ends with the repetition of “... pity people pity people pity people” (Dubus, “Disability”). However, he is not the only cripple to express this emotion with pen. In Harriet McBryde Johnson’s essay, a writer for the New York Times Magazine, she incorporates a series of pitiful quotes, one containing the phrase, “if I had to live like you, I think I’d kill myself” (Johnson, “Should I Have Been Killed at Birth?”) Here, Johnson extracts a specific, personal conversation and uses it to defend her position in the essay; it reveals how society views the life of the impaired and believe it to be nothing less than pain and suffering. Essayist Nancy Mairs describes not only pity from society but pity within herself as well. She first initiates the conversation with an anecdote, about her mother, who argues, “We all have to make allowances for you, of course, because of the way you are” (Mairs, “On Being A Cripple”). Mairs continues to acknowledge the audience and reveal how she never fully comprehended her mother’s statement; once she realized, she instantly felt a sense of selfishness. After another important anecdote, centered more around the author’s personal actions, she bursts out with, “I’m so sick of being crippled!,” exposing that there is pity within herself as well (Mairs, “On Being A Cripple”). Empathy seems almost inevitable, however, it is not an emotion known to everyone; this results in cripple’s having fluctuating emotional states and comfort levels. Emotional stability changes throughout each people depending on their situation and their comfort level. For cripples, one domain, that shapes the emotional value, is different forms of media. Mairs writes, in another essay, about her annoyance and anger she feels with the lack of representation of cripples in advertisement and drama. Opening with a short back story, Mairs describes a common television series revolving around a hospital and their patients; one patient suffered from multiple sclerosis, which Mairs is diagnosed with herself, and ends up disregarding her lifelong dream for her attractive doctor. Cleary, anyone would be irritated by this, especially Mairs when she explodes with, “Capitulation into the arms of a man who uses his medical powers to strip one of even the urge toward independence is hardly the sort of representation I had in mind” (Mairs, “Disability”). As mentioned above, the disabled want to view anything but dependent and broken, and Mairs is enraged by this act. This is not the only thing that sparks irritation inside her; she exposes that there is a lack of handicapped actors in the advertising business. Quoting a local advertiser, Mairs states that businesses, “... don’t want to give people the idea that [their] product is just for the handicapped” (Mairs, “Disability”). Undeniably, the validity of this advertisement’s claim is weak, and Mairs agrees. She supports her argument by including the examples, “If you saw me pouring out puppy biscuits, would you think these kibbles were only for the puppies of the cripples? If you saw my blind niece ordering a Coke, would you switch to Pepsi lest you be struck sightless[?]” (Mairs, “Disability”). Agitated, the remainder of the essay describes her lack of understanding in which advertisements want to seem ordinary and normal, and how a disabled customer destroys the image; emotional, Mairs is distraught and annoyed considering these intolerable acts against the handicapped. Dubus also incorporates his rage about advertising in terms ratings and reviews of local businesses. He is appalled at the glorifying review of a restaurant that refuses server to cripples. Feeling like an alien, he provides his anger through an analogy stating, “This means the reviewers and editors don’t think of us as people. They wouldn’t review a restaurant that was accessible only to Caucasians or only to men” (Dubus, “Why the Able-Bodied Still Don’t Get It”). Living as both an able-bodied man and a disabled man, he attacks society from two angles exposing the piteous and degrading stereotypes, expressed before, and the dehumanizing actions others tend to execute. Like Mairs, it is obvious to notice that both authors have a strong, personal disapproval to these behaviors. Moving away from media’s influence on cripple’s emotional state, Johnson writes her mind as she writes about defending her own ability to live at Princeton University. While incorporating a small segment filled with questions and answers, when asked if the debate was emotionally challenging, she reveals that, “‘It was very difficult. And horribly easy’” (Johnson, “Should I Have Been Killed at Birth?”). At the beginning, Johnson’s character is rather nervous and uncomfortable; on the contrary, her conclusion reveals that she enjoys her life. Her self confidence is exposed when she writes, “I used to try to explain that in fact I enjoy my life, that it’s a great sensual pleasure to zoom by power chair…” revealing that not everyone is impacted by the prejudice (Johnson, “Should I Have Been Killed at Birth?”). At the end of the day, even with a sense of anger, all three authors believe in themselves and are confident and comfortable with who they are. I am terrible at conclusions, I don't really know what to write and how to sum everything up without being so repetitive and ending with irrelevant information. Please list any suggestions or strategies you may have: It is evident that the disabled population should be seen as whole individuals alongside the healthy. There should be no dehumanizing actions taken towards the handicapped. Attitudes and perspectives need to be altered to include everyone in our melting pot society. Even more challenging, we, as a community, need to ignore the instant sense of pity when seeing a cripple out in public. We are all the same; we can not be defined by gender, skin color, or even ability or inability to walk.
In her essay “On Being a Cripple,” Mairs describes her path of acceptance of her multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis by declaring that she is a “cripple” in alternative to the more broadly acceptable terms: disabled or handicapped. Her essay is written with humor, satire, an open heart, and open eyes. Mair’s purpose is to describe her acceptances of her condition by using rhetorical elements and appeals, such as ethos and pathos, in order to allure her audience.
In her article “Unspeakable Conversations” author Harriet McBryde Johnson took time to inform and familiarize her readers with the details and limitations placed upon her by her disability. In her article she walked her readers through her morning routine. She told them about the assistance she needs in the morning from transferring from bed to wheelchair, to morning stretches, to bathing, to dressing, to braiding her hair. She does this not to evoke pity but to give her readers a glimpse into her world. She wants her readers to know that the quality of a disabled person’s life relies solely on another’s willingness to assist. Because those with disabilities need assistance they are often viewed as burdens. Therefore, they see themselves as
What comes into one’s mind when they are asked to consider physical disabilities? Pity and embarrassment, or hope and encouragement? Perhaps a mix between the two contrasting emotions? The average, able-bodied person must have a different perspective than a handicapped person, on the quality of life of a physically disabled person. Nancy Mairs, Andre Dubus, and Harriet McBryde Johnson are three authors who shared their experiences as physically handicapped adults. Although the three authors wrote different pieces, all three essays demonstrate the frustrations, struggles, contemplations, and triumphs from a disabled person’s point of view and are aimed at a reader with no physical disability.
In the book, The Short Bus, Jonathan Mooney’s thesis is that there is more to people than their disabilities, it is not restricting nor is it shameful but infact it is beautiful in its own way. With a plan to travel the United States, Mooney decides to travel in a Short bus with intentions of collecting experiences from people who have overcome--or not overcome--being labeled disabled or abnormal. In this Mooney reinvents this concept that normal people suck; that a simple small message of “you’re not normal” could have a destructive and deteriorating effect. With an idea of what disabilities are, Mooney’s trip gives light to disabilities even he was not prepared to face, that he feared.
“I am a Cripple,” when people typically hear these words they tend to feel bad for that person, but that is exactly what Mair does not want. She prefers that people treat her the same as they would if she did not have the disease. Throughout the essay, Mair discuses her disease openly. She uses an optimistic tone, so that the reader will not recoil with sadness when they hear her discuss the disease and how it affects her life. In Nancy Mair’s essay “On Being A Cripple,” Mair uses her personal stories, diction, and syntactical structures to create an optimistic tone throughout the essay, so that the audience can better connect story.
As mentioned previously, the chances of becoming disabled over one’s lifetime are high, yet disabled people remain stigmatized, ostracized, and often stared upon. Assistant Professor of English at Western Illinois University, Mark Mossman shares his personal experience as a kidney transplant patient and single-leg amputee through a written narrative which he hopes will “constitute the groundwork through which disabled persons attempt to make themselves, to claim personhood or humanity” while simultaneously exploiting the “palpable tension that surrounds the visibly disabled body” (646). While he identifies the need for those with limitations to “make themselves” or “claim personhood or humanity,” Siebers describes their desires in greater detail. He suggests people with
Charles pleas to pathos is how much media is disrespecting disabled people, “It is important to know the full degree of damage wrecked by the demeaning and wildly inaccurate portrayal of people with disabilities, not it is altogether clear whether much current progress is being made” (531). This causes the readers to feel sympathy for people with disabilities and evokes readers to agree with author. This definitely supports what Charles said in the article because readers will now feel sympathetic for disabled people being portrayed in the media who needs
This tone is also used to establish an appeal to pathos which he hopes to convince the audience of the fact that handicapped people are still people and not less than anyone else. A very prominent example of Peace’s emotion is displayed when he says, “Like many disabled people, I embrace an identity that is tied to my body. I have been made to feel different, inferior, since I began using a wheelchair thirty years ago and by claiming that I am disabled and proud, I am empowered,” (para. 15). This declaration demonstrates to his audience that Peace is honored by who he is and what disabled people can do and that he is tired of being oppressed by the media. Peace also makes this claim to support his thesis in the first paragraph that states, “The negative portrayal of disabled people is not only oppressive but also confirms that nondisabled people set the terms of the debate about the meaning of disability,” (para. 1). This is Peace’s central argument for the whole article and explains his frustration with society’s generalization of handicapped people and the preconceived limitations set on them. Peace’s appeal to pathos and tone throughout are extremely effective in displaying to his audience (society) that those who have disabilities are fed up with the limits that have been placed in the
The memoir My Body Politic is an inspirational first person framework by Simi Linton. Her powerful stories give the reader a strong understanding on disability studies as well as the challenges Simi endured as she lived through a difficult time period for someone having a disability. When she became disabled in the 70’s, Simi’s life drastically changed. After spending months in the hospital and rehabilitation centers, Simi decided to take the opportunity to move to New York and attend college there. While living in Berkeley, she discovered that her neighborhood was more accommodating for people with wheelchairs, making it a welcoming space to live in. It was there where she discovered the political disability movement which inspired her to go back to university to get her bachelor’s degree in psychology.
The author writes, "People–crippled or not–wince at the world "cripple", as they do not at "handicapped" or "disabled." (Perhaps I want them to wince. I want them to see me as a tough customer, one whom the fates/gods/viruses have not been kind, but who can face the brutal truth of her existence squarely. As a cripple, I swagger." (194) This quote shows the author's strength and sense of humor. These are the two things which allow her to honestly face the truth of her situation as well as how other people react to it. She does not want pity from people who see her limping down the street with her cane, nor does she want them to shy away as though she is some ...
Disability is a ‘complex issue’ (Alperstein, M., Atkins, S., Bately, K., Coetzee, D., Duncan, M., Ferguson, G., Geiger, M. Hewett, G., et al.., 2009: 239) which affects a large percentage of the world’s population. Due to it being complex, one can say that disability depends on one’s perspective (Alperstein et al., 2009: 239). In this essay, I will draw on Dylan Alcott’s disability and use his story to further explain the four models of disability being The Traditional Model, The Medical Model, The Social Model and The Integrated Model of Disability. Through this, I will reflect on my thoughts and feelings in response to Dylan’s story as well as to draw on this task and my new found knowledge of disability in aiding me to become
The two essays “On Being a Cripple” by Nancy Mairs and “A Plague of Tics” by David Sedaris are excellent pieces of work that share many similarities. This paper would reflect on these similarities particularly in terms of the author, message and the targeted audience. On an everyday basis, people view those with disabilities in a different light and make them conscious at every step. This may be done without a conscious realisation but then it is probably human nature to observe and notice things that deviate from the normal in a society. In a way people are conditioned to look negatively at those individuals who are different in the conventional
It could be said that in modern industrial society, Disability is still widely regarded as tragic individual failing, in which its “victims” require care, sympathy and medical diagnosis. Whilst medical science has served to improve and enhance the quality of life for many it could be argued that it has also led to further segregation and separation of many individuals. This could be caused by its insistence on labelling one as “sick”, “abnormal” or “mental”. Consequently, what this act of labelling and diagnosing has done, is enforce the societal view that a disability is an abnormality that requires treatment and that any of its “victims” should do what is required to be able to function in society as an able bodied individual.
While these three authors have different reasons to write their essays, be it media unfairness, ignorance, or ethical disputes, they all share a basic principle: The disabled are not viewed by the public as “normal people,” and they are unfairly cast away from the public eye. The disabled have the same capacity to love, desire and hurt as any other human being, and deserve all of the rights and privileges that we can offer them. They should be able to enter the same buildings, have representation in the media, and certainly be allowed the right to live.
Every day in America, a woman loses a job to a man, a homosexual high school student suffers from harassment, and someone with a physical or mental disability is looked down upon. People with disabilities make up the world’s largest and most disadvantaged minority, with about 56.7 million people living with disabilities in the United States today (Barlow). In every region of the country, people with disabilities often live on the margins of society, deprived from some of life’s fundamental experiences. They have little hope of inclusion within education, getting a job, or having their own home (Cox). Everyone deserves a fair chance to succeed in life, but discrimination is limiting opportunities and treating people badly because of their disability. Whether born from ignorance, fear, misunderstanding, or hate, society’s attitudes limit people from experiencing and appreciating the full potential a person with a disability can achieve. This treatment is unfair, unnecessary, and against the law (Purdie). Discrimination against people with disabilities is one of the greatest social injustices in the country today. Essential changes are needed in society’s basic outlook in order for people with disabilities to have an equal opportunity to succeed in life.