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An essay on blood transfusion
An essay on blood transfusion
The importance of blood transfusion
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Blood Transfusions were a huge step into the field of medicine. Blood transfusions are when someone receives blood through an IV into their own blood vessels. People are able to be kept alive for longer if not for good with this discovery. Once they figured out how blood circulated throughout the body, blood transfusions became the next step. The first transfusion was done in the mid-1600’s using animals. It was only a couple years after that when a transfusion was performed on an actual human, and it worked. This discovery in medical science opened up a whole new world for people who were sick or dying. Not only did these blood transfusions help people who were losing blood, but it also helped cure people who were sick from diseases. Blood transfusions are an exceptional creation for the health of humans and this has made an enormous result in the way that physicians treat patients.
In the early 17th century, people were unsure about how the body system worked, especially when it came to blood. It wasn’t until the mid-1600’s that William Harvey discovered how the blood circulates throughout the body. Harvey was an English Physician whose discoveries greatly impacted medical science. This discovery completely changed the field of medicine. He first “observed the action of the heart in small animals and fishes” (Weisstein). When observing these small animals he concluded on how the blood circulates the bodies. He made many discoveries in which he announced the way the body works and how it uses blood. “He developed the first complete theory of the circulation of blood, believing that it was pushed throughout the body by the heart’s contractions” (Weisstein). There were still many gaps in the process of how the blood circulates, but...
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...his day. These men have made an enormous amount of discovery to get medicine to where it is today.
Works Cited
Brown, Theodore M. "Richard Lower." PBS. PBS, 2002. Web. 03 Dec. 2013.
Healio. “James Blundell: Pioneer of blood transfusion.” Healio, Jan. 2009. Web. 03 Dec. 2013.
News Medical. "History of Blood Transfusion." History of Blood Transfusion. News Medical, n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2013.
PMID. "Richard Lower: The Origins of Blood Transfusion." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2013. Web. 03 Dec. 2013.
The Biomedical Scientists. "A Brief History of Blood Transfusion." - The Institute of Biomedical Science. IBMS, Nov. 2005. Web. 03 Dec. 2013.
Weisstein, Eric W. "Harvey, William (1578-1657) -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Scientific Biography." Harvey, William (1578-1657). Science World, 1996-2007. Web. 03 Dec. 2013.
Three hundred and thirty-four years later in the future, Carl Landsteiner, a Viennese doctor, performed a very simple experiment with blood in 1901. During his experiment, Landsteiner noticed "clotting in some samples of mixed blood and not others". (Tucker, 10) Landsteiner separated his samples into three groups: A, B, and C, according to how they clotted in his experiment. Today, the blood type C is known as type O blood. When Landsteiner was grouping these blood types, he happened to look over type AB. AB occurs in about 3 percent of the population. Later in 1907, two researchers, Jan Jansky in Czechoslovakia and William Lorenzo Moss in the United
In 1615 at the age of 37 Harvey became the Lumleian Lecture specializing in Surgery. William Harvey discovered his finding of the Circulation of Blood by ignoring medical textbooks and dissecting animals. He gained all or most of his learnings from observations of cutting open veins and arteries of living animals. Many people of this modern time thought because there weren’t any anesthetics that Harvey was cruel for cutting open living animals. I think that if it wasn’t for William Harvey and all of his studies and dissections that we wouldn’t be able to learn teach and save as many people as we can today. We as people have learned a lot from the many studies and dissections throughout Harvey’s lifetime. We have learned that blood, arteries, and veins are all within the same origin, blood in the arteries sent to the tissues are not stay there, the body‘s circulation mechanism was designed for the movement of liquid and that blood carrying air is still blood, the heart moves all movements of blood not the liver, hearts contract the same time as the pulse is felt, ventricle’s squeeze blood into main arteries, the pulse is formed by blood being pushed into arteries making them bigger, there are no vessels in the heart’s septum, lastly there is no to in from of blood in the veins there is only
BioPure Corporation, which was founded in 1984 by entrepreneurs Carl Rausch and David Judelson, is a privately owned biopharmaceutical firm specializing in the ultra purification of proteins for human and veterinary use. In 1998 Biopure pioneered the development of oxygen therapeutics using “Hemoglobin”, a new class of pharmaceuticals that are intravenously administered to deliver oxygen to the body's tissues. Biopure's two products, Hemopure for human use, and Oxyglobin for animal veterinary use, both represented a new Oxygen based treatment approach for managing patients' oxygen requirements in a broad range of potential medical applications. The factor distinguishing Biopure’s two products from other blood substitute products being developed by two possible rivals, Baxter International and Northfeild Laboratories, is that its hemoglobin based source is bovine rather than human and was derived from the blood cells of cattle. Both of Biopure’s blood substitute products were in the final stages of the approval process of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998. Oxyglobin had just received the FDA’s approval for commercial release declaring it safe and effective for medical use. Hemopure was entering final Phase 3 clinical trials and was optimistically expected to see final FDA approval for release in 1999. The FDA approval of Oxyglobin and its possible subsequent release into the veterinary market caused concern over whether the early release of Hemoglobin would impinge BioPure’s ability to price Hemopure when the product finally received approval. Given that the two products were almost identical in properties and function, it was thought that the early release of Oxyglobin would create an unrealistic price expectation for Hemopure if released first.
Thesis: I will explain the history of organ transplants, starting with ancient ideas before modern science until the 21st century.
Many of the subject’s were twins, mostly identical. Twins when through the worst of the surgeries, including blood transfusions. Doctors drained one twin of his blood and inject it into the other twin to see what would happen. Blood would be drawn from each twin in large quantities about ten cubic centimeters were drawn daily. The twins who were very young suffered the worst of the blood drawing. They would be forced to have blood drawn from their necks a very painful method. Other methods included from their fingers for smaller amounts, and arms sometimes from both simultaneously. The doctors would sometimes see how much they could withdraw until the patient passed out or died.
...l student: surrounded by books, a model of human skull at his elbow, he labored over his studies with gravity and decorum late in to the night" (Peterson 40). Because of the efforts of the enlightened few, and because of the discoveries happening in other European countries, the United Kingdom was finally able to give the medical profession the much desired respect and reform that it needed, making medicine a profession to be revered and a source of pride to all those who practiced it.
It was during this time that doctors and nurses, through experience also demonstrated that blood could be stored and then safely transferred from patient to patient saving countless soldiers’ lives.
(Topic sentence) According to the Health Care, Medicine, and Science, by Deborah Porterfield (1st citation), the word phlebotomy means “obtaining blood from a vein.” (P.34) Phlebotomy came a long way, as it was one of the traditional ways of medicine. According to Jamie Cohen (2nd citation), this practice is thought to have originated from ancient Egypt. From Egypt, this practice was starting to get used in Europe. Erasistratus, a popular physician in ancient Greece, believed that illness was caused due to too much blood. A little later, the Roman Empire believed in Erasistratus’s theory and performed phlebotomy more (P.1). With these two empires rising to the top, phlebotomy was spread throughout the world, including to places like India and Arabia as well. Years later in Europe, churches were not a big fan of cutting people open and let them bleed. So, who performed this...
"What Is a Blood Transfusion?" - NHLBI, NIH. Department of Health and Human Services, 30 Jan. 2012. Web. 02 May 2014.
The Mayo Clinic defines a blood transfusion as “a routine medical procedure in which donated blood is provided to you through a narrow tube placed within a vein in your arm”. The first human blood transfusion on record was conducted by Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys, a French physician during the late 1600’s. Although Denys’ transfusions weren’t sound proof and often written off as unorthodox, he unknowingly ushered in a new era of medicine and laid the foundation for modern advances in Hematology. I choose this topic because I volunteer to donate blood four times a year alongside thousands of other people. On average these donations help save 4.5 million Americans that would die in a years’ time without a blood transfusion. These generous people
From a physiologist to an obstetrician, to a teacher and a physician led him to have different perspectives and apply it to his other occupations.Opportunity was endless for this doctor.These different faculties would open up James to be broad minded and have several achievements in medical art. From his first successful human to human blood transfusion, to the bisection of fallopian tubes during cesarean operations. Blundell's design structure was very genuine. Today's definition of a blood transfusion is the process of receiving blood into one's circulation intravenously. People with medical conditions that lost a lot of blood use this procedure to replace its lost components. To carefully test his hypothesis of blood being a nutritive property it was infused with what he called vitalism or in other words a living force, he found a couple to initiate his first stage to see if it fulfilled his needs. He used the patient's husband as a donor, took a syringe and extracted a measured amount of blood and transferred it to the donor's wife. “Between 1825 and 1830, he performs 10 transfusions, five of which prove beneficial to his patients, and publishes these results. He also devises various instruments for performing transfusions and proposed rational indications” (Highlights of Transfusion Medicine
VI. Some individuals requiring blood are surgical patients; burn victims; accident victims; anemics'; hemophiliacs; seriously ill babies; and persons suffering from leukemia, cancer, kidney disease and liver disease.
Although church Dogma still dictated over society, scientist began to turn for supernatural causes such as possession and evil spirits to more scientific causes. Hippocrates, who as known as the father of modern medicine, recognize that the brain was the organ that interpreted sensory information from the world and that disease was not only in the body but also in the mind. He also believed that illnesses including mental illnesses were caused by imbalance within the body. In order to treat these illnesses balanced must be restored. One form of treatment thought to restore balance was bloodletting. Bloodletting was assumed to help, in patients that did not die because of the procedure and these practices continued for many years (Breitendfeld, Jurasic, Breitenfeld, 2014).
Frieson, Tommy. “Timeline of Historical Events Significant Milestones in Organ Donation and Transplantation.” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Health Resources & Services Administration, 2009. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. .
Organ donation is a selfless way to give back to others, it can also make a huge difference by giving another person a second chance at life. There are over 117,000 men, women, and children who are currently waiting for life saving organ transplants. Every ten minutes a new person is added to the organ transplant list. Unfortunately, some will never make it to the top of the list. The generosity of an individual donor can save up to eight live through organ donation and enhance another fifty through tissue donation. Organ transplants are one of the most miraculous achievements of modern medicine . Becoming an organ donor is simple and can save the lives of many individuals needing help. So how did organ transplantation start, and how is it done, and what was is the future of organ donation and organ transplants.