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Technology and criminal investigations
Technology and crime investigation
How has technology in crime investigation changed
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Blood evidence found at a crime scene can provide information that may solve the case. It is mandatory to correctly document, collect, and preserve the blood. If the blood is handled incorrectly it can weaken or destroy the evidence in a case. When blood evidence is collected and preserved correctly it is the most powerful application to eliminate a person as a potential suspect in a crime.The proper way to collect liquid blood is by picking it up on a gauze pad or other clean sterile cotton cloth and allow it to air dry at room temperature. Then to preserve the blood it should be refrigerated or frozen as soon as possible. Communication is a major key to process blood evidence between a crime scene's first responding officer, the case detective, the crime scene investigator, the forensic scientist analyzing the evidence, and the assistant district attorney handling the case. In the last twenty years the technology of blood evidence has advanced. ln the early seventies, crime …show more content…
labs relied on blood grouping system to characterize bloodstains. Then in the 1990's, most crime labs relied on DNA analysis to characterize bloodstains. A popular case involving liquid blood was in the early morning hours of Good Friday, April 13, 1979, authorities reported that Michael Rodriguez stabbed his wife Patti 108 times.
He disposed of his shirt, pants and most of his clothing from that night. But not his leather jacket. His jacket was one of his favorite possessions, so he didn’t throw it out. He made his friend clean it. When detectives interviewed him, they asked for his jacket. Michael had a piece of clothing with Patti’s blood on it which gave the State Police reason to arrest 59 year old Michael. Two other police sources found that traces of his wife’s blood were detected on the leather jacket through DNA testing that did not exist 34 years ago. Which was argued by Rodriguez´s defense attorney in front of the jury that key evidence related to this case was mishandled by police, because they kept bloody garments and a leather jacket Michael Rodriguez had been wearing close to each other, while the evidence was being
processed. After thirty years a State Police Senior Investigator reopened the case, he helped the prosecutor by finding people to talk against Rodriguez. Statements were said that the husband and wife were at a bar before they went to a nearby cemetery. Police Chief said “Rodriguez was one of the main people we were interested in from Day One ... people were very reluctant to speak up 34 years ago but have now been willing to talk,” who was the officer who wanted to reopen the case. A friend of Patti Rodriguez, told authorities that she once saw Rodriguez stab his wife in the leg with a pocket knife. “Patti and I were both pregnant, and it was the summer of 1974. We were wearing shorts. Michael and Patti were sitting on the steps of a store on South Park Avenue, and I walked up to them. I saw him pick up his hand and punch down on her thigh. He did it so fast, I thought it was just his fist. It was with his right hand onto her left thigh.¨ Rodriguez was sentenced to 25 to life for the slaying of his wife. It was said that there needed to be motive to stab someone 108 times, the motive was found as a document showing that Patricia Rodriguez’s two children were removed from her home Feb. 23, 1979, during an investigation into allegations that they were being neglected. It also showed that a Family Court judge ordered them returned to their mother March 16, 1979.
According to the Innocence Project (2006), “On September 17, 2001, Chad wrote the Innocence Project in New York, which, in 2003, enlisted pro bono counsel from Holland & Knight to file a motion for DNA testing on Tina’s fingernail scrapings.” The state had tested the DNA that was under Tina’s nail from the first case but at that time it was inadequate and could not be tested. It was not until now that we have the technology capable enough to test it. In June 2004, the test came back negative to matching both Jeremey and Chain Heins but did come from an unknown male. The state argued that it was not enough to overturn the conviction so Chad’s attorney asked the state to do some further testing and to compare the DNA from under the fingernails to the hairs that was found on Tina’s body. It was in 2005 that the Florida Department of Law Enforcement confirmed that there was a match between the DNA under Tina’s nail and the pubic hair. According to LaForgia (2006), “this particular type of DNA, the report stated, was found in only about 8 percent of Caucasian American men.” During this process there was a new piece of evidence that Chad’s attorney had learned about during the appeals process, a fingerprint. There were some accusations that the prosecutors never disclosed this information about this third fingerprint and if they did it was too late. The jurors did not even know about this fingerprint and if they did this could have changed the whole case. This fingerprint was found on several objects that included the smoke detector, a piece of glass, and the bathroom sink. It was soon discovered that this fingerprint matched with the DNA found on the bedsheets that Tina was on. This was finally enough evidence to help Chad Heins become exonerated in
The suspect of the two rapes was known to smoke cigarettes, wear white gloves, ride a bike, use a knife, wear shoes that had rubber soles, and have a flashlight. When Ronald Cotton went into the police station to start things out, they took the knife that he always carried out from his front right pocket. Once Detective Gauldin started to question him, Ron told Gauldin that he smoked Newports, which is a type of cigarette. After he was questioned multiple times, they showed him a pair of black canvas World Cup shoes. He said that his shoes insoles were falling apart, but they weren’t that beaten up when the police showed them to him. They then showed him a piece of material that came from his shoe, which was left in Jennifer Thompson’s apartment. After that, they then showed him a red flashlight and accused him of taking batteries from Mary’s house, the other rape
Three hundred and thirty-four years later in the future, Carl Landsteiner, a Viennese doctor, performed a very simple experiment with blood in 1901. During his experiment, Landsteiner noticed "clotting in some samples of mixed blood and not others". (Tucker, 10) Landsteiner separated his samples into three groups: A, B, and C, according to how they clotted in his experiment. Today, the blood type C is known as type O blood. When Landsteiner was grouping these blood types, he happened to look over type AB. AB occurs in about 3 percent of the population. Later in 1907, two researchers, Jan Jansky in Czechoslovakia and William Lorenzo Moss in the United
In his book, Blood Done Sign My Name, the author Timothy Tyson tells the story of the highly combustible racial atmosphere in the American South before, during, and after the Jim Crow era. Unlike Margaret Mitchell’s account of the glory and grandeur of the Antebellum South, Tyson exposes the reader to the horrific and brutal reality that the black race experienced on a daily basis. Tyson highlights the double standard that existed during this period in history, arguing that the hypocrisy of the “white” southern judicial system allowed the murder of a young black African-American male at the hands of white racists to go unpunished (Tyson 2004, 244).
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is one of many specialties in the field of forensic science; the science of bloodstain pattern analysis use scientific knowledge from other fields to solve problems. BPA also uses the scientific method to examine bloodstain evidence at a crime scene where blood is present by gathering information, observing, documenting, analyzing, evaluating, and technical or peer reviewing. A bloodstain pattern analysis job is to collect, categorize and interpret the shape and distribution of bloodstains within a crime scene (Peschel, 2011). Bloodstain patterns can reconstruct a crime scene and then determine the crime as an accident, homicide, or suicide; the blood can also identify the location, quality and intensity of an external force. The purpose of a BPA’s is to determine bloodstain patterns and to recreate the action that caused the blood.
Even though the prosecution presented evidence to the court, the only clear-cut hard fact the prosecution had against Anthony was that she failed to file a report for her missing daughter Caylee and that when she finally did a month after her daughter had gone missing, she proceeded to lie profusely to the authorities on the events that took place. The prosecution focused highly on the forensic evidence of decay located in the trunk of Casey Anthony’s car. The use of a cadaver dog to search the vehicle led investigators to be able to determine that a decomposing body had been stored in the trunk of the car. The forensics department used an air sampling procedure on the trunk of Casey Anthony’s car, also indicating that human decomposition and traces of chloroform were in-fact present. Multiple witnesses described what they considered to be an overwhelming odor that came from inside the trunk as it where the prosecution believes Caylee’s decomposing body was stowed. Several items of evidence were ruled out to be the source of the odor, as experts were able to rule out the garbage bag and two chlorine containers located in the trunk as the source. The prosecution alleged that Casey Anthony used chloroform to subdue her daughter and then used duct-tape to seal the nose and mouth of Caylee shut, inevitably causing her to suffocate. Based off the
Many people throughout the world visit the United States every year to receive medical treatment. This is due to our excellent pharmaceutical industry as it spends million of dollars and many hours of research to come up with what we can only describe as “miracle” drugs and treatments. Part of the success of many of these medications is because the pharmaceutical industry is highly regulated by policies that protect the public from accessing drugs that have not been fully tested and found to be “safe”. However, this was not the case until the late 1990s and early 2000s. One time in history that highly influenced the strict regulations we currently have was the nationwide contamination of patients through blood transfusion or by consuming medications
Young, Tina, and P.J. Ortmeier. “Chapter 11: Bloodstain Pattern Documentation and Analysis.” Crime Scene Investigation, Pearson Education, 2011, pp.
In here I will clarify each potential evidences of the crime and explain of the application of the identified forensic procedure to the facts of the case. One of the perpetrators cuts his hand when trying to drag of the witness in the crime scene. Thus, in this case blood stains would be the one of the potential evidence. The precipitin test might be applied to bloodstains in a numerous ways. It conduct...
Often called Blood Spatter Experts, these analysts examine blood that is left behind and help come to conclusions on how they got there. They can categorize the blood stains by gathering information from different blood spatters, transfers, and other marks. By doing so, they determine how those certain patterns were created. This information can help the investigators in reconstructing the crime scene and what may or may not have happened at the scene. The science of bloodstain spatter helps to apply scientific disciplines of biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics.
In Blood In Blood Out is a drama directed by Taylor Hackford, and starring Damian Chapa (Miklo), Benjamin Bratt (Paco), and Jesse Borrego (Cruz), produced by Hollywood Pictures. The film was based off everyday life in East Los Angeles, from the 1970’s through the 1980’s. Damian Chapa stars as Miklo in the film, a Mexican-American who wanted to be accepted, not by his skin but for the Mexican within him. Benjamin Bratt (Paco) was the older cousin of Miklo, who learned his lesson throughout the movie and changed his ways. Jesse Borrego (Cruz) is the step-brother of Paco who was a talent artist, who ended up turning to drugs because of back problems caused by a rival gang incident.
Blood spatter is a vital piece of evidence in Criminal Investigation; it can tell a lot about the events that occurred in the crime scene. That is why it is very important to make little mistakes as possible when handling blood spatter evidence. The blood spatter expert featured in the show The New Detectives: Case Studies in Forensic Science, Dwane Dever from the State Bureau of Investigation successfully analyzed the blood spatter at the crime scene. The expert did things any blood spatter expert would do like measure the size of the blood spatter to determine the impact, and find the point of origin to find out where the blood came out. These procedures helped investigators determine whether or not foul play took place.
Lyle, D.P., M.D. “Chapter 13: Bloodstains: Patterns Tell the Story,” Forensics: A Guide for Writers (Howdunit), Writer’s Digest Books, Cincinnati, OH (2008), pp. 285–302.
Blood stains are one type of evidence that can be found at a crime scene. Blood that is still in the liquid form should be picked up on a gauze pad. Once the blood is dried thoroughly it should be refrigerated and sent to the Laboratory (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 1). If the blood stain is found dried on clothing, the officer should wrap the piece of clothing in clean paper and place it in a sealed and labeled container. An object with dried blood stains needs to be sent to the Laboratory if it is small enough. If the object is too large to send, then using a clean knife the stain needs to be scraped onto a clean piece of paper, which then can be folded and placed in an envelope (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 2). When collecting autopsy blood samples, the officer should request that the pathologist obtain the sample directly from the heart and place it in a yellow or purple stoppered vacutainer. If the victim is still alive but in serious need of a blood transfusion, then the pre-transfusion blood sample needs to be obtained promptly before the hospital discards it (Andrus et al., n.d., para. 4). It is important for the Laboratory to receive all blood samples within 48 ho...
Forensic science has now been recognized as an important part of the law enforcement team to help solve crimes and cold cases. The advances in technology are being used each day and we must continue to strive to develop better advances in this field. The recent discovery of using DNA in criminal cases has helped not only positively identify the suspect, but it has helped exonerate hundreds of innocent individuals. “With new advances in police technology and computer science, crime scene investigation and forensic science will only become more precise as we head into the future.” (Roufa, 2017) Forensic science and evidence helps law enforcement officials solve crimes through the collection, preservation and analysis of evidence. By having a mobile crime laboratory, the scene gets processed quicker and more efficiently. Forensic science will only grow in the future to be a benefit for the criminal justice