Strategies for Enhancing the Haemocompatibility of Blood Contacting Medical devices
Tom O’Neill 12156949
Biomedical Engineering
Scope
There are various different types of implantable blood contacting devices on the market today. These are aids for the body to carry out specific functions when needed. These devices are in the class II and class III brackets and include stents, catheters, haemodialysis and extracorporeal life support devices. A stent is a small mesh tube used to treat weak or narrow arteries. A Catheters is type of medical device that can be inserted into the body for treatment of diseases or carry out a surgical procedure. Haemodialysis is a process that removes wastes, such as urea, from the blood. Extracorporeal life support devices insert cannulation into the blood vessels of patients, aiding respiratory and cardiac failure. The use of biomaterials in medical devices can stimulate harmful body responses. These include rapid thrombogenic action.
Stents:
A stent is a small mesh tube that's placed in narrow or weak arteries as a treatment. Arteries carry blood away from the heart
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One end of the catheter remains outside the skin. Medicines can be given through an opening in this end of the catheter. Passing the catheter under the skin helps keep it in place better, lets you move around easier, and makes it less visible.
Implanted port: This type is similar to a tunneled catheter but is left entirely under the skin. Medicines are injected through the skin into the catheter. Some implanted ports contain a small reservoir that can be refilled in the same way. After being filled, the reservoir slowly releases the medicine into the bloodstream. An implanted port is less obvious than a tunneled catheter and requires very little daily care. It has less impact on a person's activities than a PICC line or a tunneled
BioPatch, and alternatives like Tegaderm CHG, are an important first step in helping prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections (CBIs). As CBIs rank among the most frequent and potentially lethal nosocomial infections, the need for a device to cut down infections at the insertion site has increased. The growing numbers of infections has driven companies to consider a three-tiered approach: a maximal aseptic barrier at insertion, proper site maintenance, and hub protection. With BioPatch and alternative products catheter sites receive that maximal aseptic barrier to prevent bacteria growth.
The purpose for the stent was to hold the coronary artery open to allow the blood to flow more freely.
Prof. Amanda Ellis: The problem with catheters is the ability to get bacterial attachment to the surface of the polymer. There are two approaches to this problem using nanotechnology: coating or copolymerization. The approach of the coating works when an antimicrobial layer is placed on top of the lens. The antimicrobial the Flinders Research team has been using is an extract from cloves. Dentists have also been using this compound to stop oral infections. The other approach is when the antimicrobial agent is combined with the polymer and this is called ‘copolymerization’. The reason why copolymerization is more effective is the coating can be abraded off. However with the copolymerization the antimicrobial is part of the compound and forms covalent bonds (share of electrons). It is important that the bonds are strong as the material could come out of the polymer and cause even more damage.
Many people throughout the world visit the United States every year to receive medical treatment. This is due to our excellent pharmaceutical industry as it spends million of dollars and many hours of research to come up with what we can only describe as “miracle” drugs and treatments. Part of the success of many of these medications is because the pharmaceutical industry is highly regulated by policies that protect the public from accessing drugs that have not been fully tested and found to be “safe”. However, this was not the case until the late 1990s and early 2000s. One time in history that highly influenced the strict regulations we currently have was the nationwide contamination of patients through blood transfusion or by consuming medications
Then after threading a catheter through the needle, the anesthesiologist will withdraw the needle and leave the catheter i...
Before WWI, the practice of medicine was far from how it has developed into today. The practice was not advanced, and therefore, had few concrete methods. However, with the beginning of the First World War, there was a great push to improve these methods. Although the war caused much illness and death, it also catalyzed many improvements such as blood transfusions, x-rays, vaccines, and sanitation.
Have you ever given blood? Have you ever been asked what type of blood you have? There are four different blood types, and it is very important to know which kind you have for medical reasons and for the benefit of others.
There has been a dramatic rise in the rate of caesarean section (CS) in the last two decade making it the most commonly performed procedure worldwide. 1Surveys (2, 3) have indicated that 3-5% of total red cells transfusion is related to obstetrics with higher rate in CS patients compared to those having vaginal delivery (1-7% versus 1%) (4, 5).
Much of the blood needed for transfusions in Mississippi is shipped from nearby states as people in Mississippi do not usually donate enough to supply the demand for blood with in the state. The donated blood obviously goes to a multitude of patients in Mississippi; from people in car crashes, to cancer patients, to people sickle-cell disease, and many more.
The cavity is the space surrounding the intestines and internal organs, such as the stomach. The PD catheter is inserted surgically below the belly button to allow fluid to be instilled into the peritoneal cavity, thereby allowing diffusion to occur naturally between the capillaries in the peritoneal lining and the fluid, which is called a dialysate.... ... middle of paper ... ... HD patients are aware of the risk of access infections, but tend to rely on the clinic nurse to recognize and treat the infection.
...f the clamps on the tubing to allow the IV solution to run freely. Slowly, decrease the flow of the solution to the appropriate rate as ordered by the physician. Using a small gauze pad, wipe away any excess blood or fluid on the surface of the skin. Then, using the pre-torn pieces of tape, secure the catheter hub and the IV tubing to the patient’s skin. Take extra caution not to kink the tubing. Once everything is secured, recheck the IV solution’s flow and then attend to the rest of your patients needs.
One day, this writer happened to see another nurse changing a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Line dressing. As a nurse leader, this writer asked the nurse why she is changing the dressing. The caregiver explained dressing changes can prevent infection to the site and there are lot of patients readmitted because of central line infections and subsequent complications. This nurse demonstrated good kn...
Complete Blood Count with Differential is one of the most commonly ordered tests for routine check-ups and/or physicals. A complete blood count with differential measures the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet levels, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Most of the time it is ordered as a screening test to check for anemia or infection. The Complete Blood Count with Differential is used to aid in diagnosing and treating a large number of conditions (Lockwood, 2013).
I will be investigating Human Blood as my specific tissue and giving an overview on the location, characteristics, and the benefits it has to the human body. Blood is extracellular matrix that is consists of plasma, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells. Blood is located within the capillaries/veins/arteries of the human body, which are blood vessels that run through the entire body. These blood vessels allow the blood to flow smoothly and quickly from the heart to distinct parts of the human body. The unique parts of human blood all work together for a purpose: the Red Blood Cells(erythrocytes) transports oxygen throughout the body, White Blood Cells(leukocytes) play a part in the bodies immune system, Platelets(thrombocytes) assist in creating scabs,
Blood grouping is a test to determine blood group of a person. Before blood transfusion or if you plan to donate blood, the test is important. Blood A cannot mix with blood B or blood AB so blood group is important to be known.A dangerous immune response will occur if receive blood that is not compatible with own blood type. The human immune system will destroy the incompatible blood type.