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The history of space exploration
The history of space exploration
Research on black holes
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Space has been mesmerizing humans since the beginning of time; from the fascinated star-gazing child to the great minds of Plato, Aristotle, and Galileo. Space contains countless mysteries. One of these mysteries is black holes. As far as information about space goes, scientists know a moderate amount of information about black holes. Scientists know how black holes are made, how they affect objects around them, and how to spot them in space. Firstly, there are different types of black holes: Astrophysical, Supermassive, Mathematical, and Physical. A Physical, or regular, black hole is then categorized by its three properties: mass, spin, and magnetic field. A black hole with no spin and no magnetic field is a Schwarzchild black hole. A black hole with spin but no magnetic field is a Reissner-Nordstrøm. Finally, a black hole with both spin and a magnetic field is a Kerr black hole. All regular black holes are formed when a star collapses into an object that is so compacted nothing can escape the force of gravity. Stars that are about five times the size of the sun are only capable of being black holes. If the star does not have enough gravitational force acting upon it, the star will just cool down into a white dwarf. A star is a balance between two forces, the inward pressure of gravity and the outward pressure of radiation. Once a star has converted all its energy from its element stockpiles it reaches the element of iron. Iron atoms cannot create energy when fused together. The star stops emitting radiation which causes the inward pressure of gravity to overcome the now nonexistent outward pressure of radiation. The star implodes and a black hole is formed. All black holes have two major components. The collapsed center of... ... middle of paper ... ...a black hole. In summary, there are three major types of black holes: the physical, the astrophysical, and the mathematical. Physical black holes are categorized into three classes: the Schwarzchild, the Reissner-Nordstrøm, and the Kerr. Schwarzchild black holes are black holes that do not rotate or have a magnetic field. Reissner-Nordstrøm black holes do rotate but do not have a magnetic field, and, finally, Kerr black holes do rotate and do have a magnetic field. Physical black holes are formed when a star that is at least five times the size of our Sun burns until it reaches the element iron. Then the star does not have enough outward pressure to prevent gravity from crushing it inward. The other type of black hole is the astrophysical black hole. Astrophysical black holes are somewhat theoretical but scientists are trying to link them to the physical world.
It is believed that super massive black holes exist in the cores of many large galaxies, including the Milky Way galaxy, which is our galaxy. (Swinburne University 2014). It is believed that a normal black holes were formed because of a supernova explosion of a gigantic star, meaning when huge stars collapse, so the larger the star, the larger the black hole. ( Millis 2014) . So therefore a simple idea of how a super massive black hole might have been formed would be because of a collision of super enormous star or a collision of star clusters (star clouds). (Super massive black holes 2014)
Black holes were originally thought to have only mere mathematical concepts. There was seemingly no possible way to compress any object into a space small enough to equal to its schwarzschild radius. Later however, astronomer Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar calculated that stars much larger than our own sun should theoretically be able to collapse into a black hole (UTFC). A star is like a blown up balloon with the force of gravity trying to compress the balloon inwards and the air trying to push the balloon outwards. Likewise, stars are held in balance by gravity trying to collapse the star inwards going against the outwards pressure of the internal reactions of the star called nuclear fusion. If the star is big enough and the pressure inside quickly disappears, gravity would and should slingshot the star into a tiny point with near infinite density with an extremely strong gravitatio...
Starting with black holes, Khalili describes the creation of one. I found that a black hole is what remains when a massive star dies. Because stars are so massive and made out of gas, there is an intense gravitational field that is always trying to collapse the star. As the star dies, the nuclear fusion reactions stop because the fuel for these reactions gets burned up. At the same time, the star's gravity pulls material inward and compresses the core. As the core compresses, it heats up and eventually creates a supernova explosion in which the material and radiation blasts out into space. What remains is the highly compressed and extremely massive core. The core's gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape. This object is now a black hole and literally cannot be seen because of the absence of light. Because the core's gravity is so strong, the core sinks through the fabric of space-time, creating a hole in space-time. The core becomes the central part of the black hole called the singularity. The opening of the hole is called the event horizon. Khalili describes that there are two different kinds of black holes:
A Black Hole is defined as an object in space that is so compact, that has a gravitational pull so powerful, not even light can escape its pull. In most cases Black Holes are formed when a massive star (much larger than our own) undergoes a supernova explosion. When this happens, the star may collapse on its own gravitational pull, thus resulting in a an object with infinitely large density and zero volume. As a result, the escape velocity (the speed required to escape the gravitational pull) becomes even greater than the speed of light, and because nothing can travel faster than the speed of light, nothing can escape a black hole.
A Black hole is a theorized celestial body whose surface gravity is so strong that
According to Google.com, an Einstein-Rosen Bridge wormhole is a “hypothetical connection between widely separated regions of space-time.”. A traversable wormhole is a vortex that acts like a shortcut. The difference between an Einstein-Rosen Bridge and a traversable wormhole is that once you pass through a Einstein-Rosen Bridge wormhole, there is no going back, while a traversable wormhole is one that you can travel through freely, passing back and forth. “Wormholes are the solution to Einstein's general relativity field equation, but have been created by theory.”, says nasa.gov.
Stars are born and reborn from an explosion of a previous star. The particles and helium are brought together the same way the last star was born. Throughout the life of a star, it manages to avoid collapsing. The gravitational pull from the core of the star has to equal the gravitational pull of the gasses, which form a type of orbit. When this equality is broken, the star can go into several different stages. Some stars that are at least thirty times larger than our sun can form black holes and other kinds of stars.
The whole idea of time and black holes has been questioning scientist and many common people for decades. Whether or not the theories provided make it physically possible to allow us to ever use any type of a black hole to an advantage? Technology over these past years has allowed us to learn more and more about what black holes are and what they can do. While also allowing ourselves to discover new possibilities that they might bring forth to greater innovations in our near future. But we can only imagine, through our knowledge and technology, what a black hole could do for us, due to all the dangers they bring forth.
Stars are born in the interstellar clouds of gas and dust called nebulae that are primarily found in the spiral arms of galaxies. These clouds are composed mainly of hydrogen gas but also contain carbon, oxygen and various other elements, but we will see that the carbon and oxygen play a crucial role in star formation so they get special mention. A nebula by itself is not enough to form a star however, and it requires the assistance of some outside force. A close passing star or a shock wave from a supernova or some other event can have just the needed effect. It is the same idea as having a number of marbles on a trampoline and then rolling a larger ball through the middle of them or around the edges. The marbles will conglomerate around the path of the ball, and as more marbles clump together, still more will be attracted. This is essentially what happens during the formation of a star (Stellar Birth, 2004).
A star will blow up with the help of gravitational collapses. When a star explodes from nuclear fusion it is because so much mass has built up within its core and it cannot hold the weight. Neutrons are the only things in nature that can stop a core implosion. When a white dwarf suffers a supernova, the energy comes from the runaway fusion of carbon and oxygen in the core.
Black Holes Introduction Have you ever thought about black holes how they form, how dangerous, the strength, a mass, or even if what would happen if Earth fell into a black hole? Black holes may seem cool but, after you red this, you will read the dangers and answered questions about black holes. Ask yourself, how would you image a black hole being near a star or planet? Will it be swallowed, sucked, taken apart? Well, black holes have different kinds.
With Dark Nebulae containing large amounts of gas and dust, they provide perfect conditions for stars to form. As the clumps of gas become more dense they begin to pull in surrounding objects with their own gravity. This ball, containing merely dust and gas, continues to condense, causing heat to build in its centre. Now it begins a long process of growing in size and energy until the core temperature is strong enough to form a star. From this point it can take up to 100,000,000 years for it to reach its required energy and be classified as a star, after which it will only lasts a few million years.
Black holes are the result of the death of a massive star, leaving behind a dense remnant core that eventually collapses to create a gravitational force so strong that nothing, including light, can escape the force. The theory that black holes existed started back in the early 1900s and since then astronomers and scientists have been trying to get a better understanding of them. This phenomenon has been a working progress for astronomers and scientists for many years and as we develop a better understanding of our solar system, the more likely it is to make a significant discovery that can answer some of the most difficult questions about our incredible galaxy and solar system. The more information we are able to acquire about our universe, the more questions we might be able to answer about our existence. With advancements in technology we may be able to see some significant discoveries and insights into the world of black holes.
Most of the times there are strange things found and assumptions are made about these things, they could be wrong or right but back when a pulsar was found, scientists thought it to be extraordinary calling it substance of great amusement whereas “a pulsar is a s...
Space has always been a pivotal and utmost important subject for many years. In the past, scientists have made monumental advances in this field such as sending people into orbit and landing a man on the moon. Of course, this has only barely been explored and we still have a lot more to see of the ever-vast outer space. One of the most significant topics of all of science has only been touched and there’s still more to come.