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How dangerous is bioterrorism
Report on bioterrorism
Bioterrorism: A threat for which we are ill prepared
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There is a little known piece of paper that was formed by the United Nations called the Biological Weapons Convention. It was formed in April 1972 as part of an effort for disarmament, production and stockpiling. This document was entered in to force on 26 March 1975, and over the years there have been several conferences to review and amend the Convention. As of today, there are one hundred and ten signatory states and one hundred sixty eight state parties. There are four members of the depositary governments: Russian Federation, United Kingdom of Great Britain, Northern Ireland and the United States of America.
The main goal of the Biological Weapons Convention is to reduce the global threat of these types of weapons and prevent them from causing great harm. In order to reach this goal, they gather information from all the parties on the development and stockpiles of these weapons as well as the research they are doing to combat and develop antibiotics for these weapons of mass destruction. These actions fall along the lines of the prohibition signed in Geneva on June 17th 1927. The prohibition against these weapons was meant to sway the ravages of their horrors during a time of war or civil unrest.
The Geneva Prohibition came about when the Germans used biological weapons during World War I. The Germans used their knowledge of these weapons to gain the upper hand because their enemies were not prepared for it. Since this was the first time they had been introduced in such a scale, a great number of soldiers became ill or died from the exposure.
What is a biological weapon? Biological weapons are complex systems that disseminate disease-causing organisms or toxins to harm or kill humans, animals or plants. (Schneider, 2014) In...
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...true and binding thing then the use of them would never have happened. Not until after proof was found that a weapon of mass destruction had been used, did the United Nation step in to enforce the convention. So in conclusion there will always be a loop hole in the system, if a party wants to have and use them. Such as, having a bio research department in the defense department of a party. The only way to do a good and conclusive study of the effects, would be to actually use the bio toxin as a weapon of some form.
Works Cited
(n.d.). Retrieved from United Nations Office at Geneva: http://www.unog.ch
Chemical & Biological Warfare Studies No 19. (n.d.).
Schneider, B. R. (2014). Encyclopedia Britannica.
Sims, N. A. (n.d.). The Chemical & Biological Warfare Studies No 19. In N. A. Sims, The Ecolution od Biological Disarmament.
Sims, N. A. (n.d.). The Evolution of
3Brophy, L. (1959). The Chemical Warfare Service (1st ed.). Washington: Office of the Chief of
Guillemin, J. (2005). Biological weapons: From the invention of state-sponsored programs to contemporary bioterrorism Columbia University Press.
As we move into the Twentieth Century the similarities are almost identical. The First World War has shaped not only modern warfare but even produced global attention to the brutal and inhumane death toll of the war. As stated in the Geneva Protocol, which prohibited the use of chemical weapons in warfare, which was signed in 1925? While this was a welcomed step, the Protocol had a number of significant short comings, including the fact that it did not prohibit the development, production or stockpiling of chemical weapons.
Though chemical warfare was proven effective and easily produced, the world council decided that it was inhumane to use. In 1972, chemical warfare was ban at the Biological Weapons Convention. At this convention, many country’s leaders voted that it was not right to use these weapons as a way to kill people. The leaders felt that a biological weapon was too dangerous to release. (opbw.org)
What is a pesticide?A pesticide is a chemical substance used to kill pests, especially insects. A pesticide is also refered to as a biocide. Most pesticides are applied in spray form but occasionaly you will see pesticides that are in powder or pellet form. Pesticides are used on a variety of things, anything from crops like corn, barley, and wheat, to plants like petunias, marigolds, and rhodadendrons, which are usually found in small gardens greenhouses, and even in your backyard.
Fries, A. A., & West, C. J. (1921). Chemical warfare,. New York [etc.: McGraw-Hill book company, inc..
Over a long period of time, scientists have wondered how the dosage of Tetrododoxin was perfected as the lethality of this toxin was
Biological warfare cannot be explained by SCOT theory because stabilization and closure which is the cornerstone of the SCOT theory are not clearly apparent in the dynamic of biological warfare. In biological warfare, rhetorical closure has not yet been achieved within the international community. For example, the morality of using biological weapons is still an ongoing debate among the countries of the world. In fact, not all countries have signed the Biological Weapo...
Pita, R. (2009). Toxin weapons: From World War I to jihadi terrorism. Toxin Reviews, 28(4), 219-237. doi:10.3109/1556950903246136
“Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare.” Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare. Geneva: n.p., 1925. Un.org. United Nations. Web. 21 May 2013.
Lussier, Frances M. "Chemical-biological-radiological warfare (CBR)." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2014. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.
Salmonella typhoid bacteria have over 100 strains in the world today. Most cause illness in humans, but only a few of those strains cause the illness Typhoid Fever (Pike, 2014). Typhoid is a bacterium that has been very devastating to the human race for centuries. Typhoid thrives in undeveloped countries and countries with high populations and poor sanitation procedures. But, it is still a relevant disease here in the United States because of its ease of spread once someone is infected (Pollack, 2003). Antibiotic treatment is usually successful when treating Typhoid Fever, but it still has the ability to cause death, even with treatment of advanced medicine and antibiotics. When one thinks of salmonella, they will most commonly think of a food borne illness (food poisoning symptoms) caused by eating raw or undercooked animal products such as undercooked chicken or pork. That is the effect of some strains of the bacteria, but not the one that causes typhoid fever (Pike, 2014).
Throughout the progression of mankind, there has always been a need to become superior in tactics and technology over an opponent. It did not take long for man to discover the effective and deadly tactic of Bioterrorism, which is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria or other germs used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. As time passes, everything about bioterrorism becomes more and more sophisticated, making it very difficult to combat with. By examining the history of bioterrorism, one can learn how military forces utilize this deadly weapon.
The World Health Organization, started in 1946, now comprises 194 member states and has nearly 150 country offices (Council on Foreign Relations, 2012). In both of these entities – and in others, such as the General Assembly of the United Nations – states have the power to debate and vote.... ... middle of paper ... ... Politics, Economics and Culture (Stanford: Stanford University Press). Holden C, Lee K, Gilmore A, Fooks G, Wander N. Trade Policy, Health, and Corporate.
...cy on biological warfare. During his visit to Fort Detrick, he announced that the United States would terminate all research on biological weapons. By the year 1972 the United States had completely destroyed all biological weapon stockpile. In return of this act the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention was held, As a result of 118 countries signed a agreeing not to develop, produce, or stockpile any form of biological weapon(Mayer p4). Unfortunately despite many laws passed over time, few countries have abided by them. Evidence of this came in the late 1970’s and early 1980’s there were reports that the Soviet Union was using biological weapons in Laos, Kampuchea, and Afghanistan (Mayer p 4).