Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Individualism Versus Collectivism
Individualism Versus Collectivism
Individualism Versus Collectivism
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Individualism Versus Collectivism
I'll start this section with a story I was once told at an entrepreneurship workshop: Ed White was working for Andersen Consulting until 1991 when he was retrenched. His boss said he was redundant. Instead of sitting back and weep, he decided to set up his Ed White & Co, a firm that specialises in IT consultancy for the banking and motor industries. As we speak, his firm's client list includes Mercedes-Benz, VW, and Lloyds TSB. Interestingly, the firm has only 12-full-time employees. It highly depends on freelance consultants to meet the demands of its clients. This has enabled the firm to remain lean and flexible. Ed's story is a success story that is music to every entrepreneur's ear. I'll leave you to decide the moral of the story. There's …show more content…
Highly individualistic: Does your culture prefer to act as individual or as a group? An individualistic culture is loosely knit and the people operate individual, and if they extend, it is limited to immediate family members. They embrace the common saying that every man is for himself, only God is for us all. 2. All men are equal: In such societies, the big man syndrome, where some people think of themselves as demigods while others as subjects, is highly diminished. They don't worship hierarchies, and therefore relations are vastly formal. According to such a culture, all men are equal, just as they are created. However, you have the freedom to accumulate wealth to become very unequal. 3. Non-conformist: In conformist cultures, much attention is given to rules and procedures. They reward compliance and loyalty instead of risk and initiative. There's no room for error and non conformity. On the other hand, entrepreneurship thrives in a free world (non-conformist society) where ambiguity, which is instrumental in developing analytical skills, is tolerated as it. In the free world, people are highly flexible and adore change. The pay much respect to personal choices and decisions. In the end, initiative and risk-taking are greatly
A culture’s tendency to be individualistic or collectivistic can be found at the root of
What is it that makes a culture of people separate themselves from the world and everything that it has to offer. Some people think that it is because they do not like the direction the world is heading in. Others believe that society does not accept them for the person that they want to be. But in some cases the reason is as simple as religion. The Amish is a perfect example of a traditional culture that has sustained themselves in America for over three hundred years. Their belief in the bible is the bases for their structured lives, specifically Romans 12 of the Old Testament, “Do not be conformed to this world”.***
“Individualistic cultures, in the western-hemisphere, [such as the United States,] emphasize… personal identity and self-determination. Conformity is far less pervasive in individualistic societies because democratic choices and laissez-faire viewpoints are somewhat considered.”
Hofstede has identified five different cultural dimensions. These dimensions include power-distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance and lastly long term orientation. According to Hofstede, power distance is the first dimension which translates to how all individuals in a society aren't equal and there is a decent amount of inequality when it comes to the division of power. The second dimension involves the theme of individualism which translates to the degree of interdependence as well as how we identify ourselves in terms of "I" or "We". Additionally, Hofstede states that in individualist societies we tend to look only after ourselves and our blood family, however, in collectivistic societies individuals identify themselves as part of groups and take care of each other in exchange for loyalty. The third dimension would be masculinity/ femininity. A high score would translate to a masculine culture which demonstrates a culture driven by competition, achievement and success. On the other hand, a low score which demonstrates a feminine culture shows that the dominant traits involves caring for others and quality of life. The fourth dimension involves uncertainty avoidance which translates to how a society deals with not knowing how the future is going to turn out. This amount of vagueness brings about anxiety and different cultures deal with this issue differently. The fifth and final cultural dimension according to Hofstede is long term orientat...
Individualism is the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members (cia.gov). Individualism deals with individual’s self image in the forms of “I” Or “we”. When people in this dimension belong to group in exchange for loyal this is called collectivist societies. Ireland scored high when it came to individualism culture with a score of 70. Irish employees are expected to show initiative and self reliance when it comes to the industry. Ireland has an exchanged-based industry, for one to advance or be hired into an industry one must have evidence of their skill level.
Both Individualism (independence) and collectivism (interdependence) are social constructs that describes societies (Cross et al., 2010). An individualist is a person who places their needs before others (Cross, Hardin & Gercek, 2010). They are unique, outspoken (Dion & Dion, 1993) and tend to originate from the Western world (Fiske & Taylor, 1984). While a collectivist, prioritises the groups needs before his or her own, connected to their social context and tend to come from the Eastern world (Fiske et al., 1984). Such social constructs are very useful in understanding behaviour and motives, as they do determine them (Markus & Kitayama, 1991). On the other hand, researchers have found social constructs to be too simplistic, as countries are categorised, as either
There has been a large amount of attention paid to the subject of entrepreneurship in the last few years; mainly because most people have chosen to go from working for somebody else, to be their own bosses and work for their dreams. Nevertheless, many still wonder what is entrepreneurship and what is that sets entrepreneurs apart from other regular business owners. At first, it seems both concepts do not differ much from each other since they both start up and run businesses and assume risks to pursue opportunities; however, there are certain traits that difference them.
One of the principal contrasts is that Eastern societies have a conviction that there are rules that manage each kind of relationship. This is known as particularism. In particularism, people believe that each circumstance, and each relationship, dictates the rules that they live by. Their response to a situation may change, based on what's happening in the moment, and who's involved (Seven Dimensions of Culture, 2018). Conversely, Western societies take after a hypothesis called universalistic orientation where individuals imagine that they are equals and not considered in a social chain of command.
Corporate Entrepreneurship can be seen as the process whereby an individual or a group creates a new venture within an existing organization, revitalizes and renews an organization ,or innovates. Zahra’s(1986) definition of corporate entrepreneurship suggests a formal or informal activity aimed at creating new businesses in established firms through product and process innovations and market developments,whereas sathe(1985) defines corporate entrepreneurship as a process of organizational renewal. Corporate Entrepreneurship has emerged as a much needed ingredient contributing towards the growth of any organization under a changing business environment.
Driven by an intense commitment and determined perseverance, entrepreneurs work very hard at what they do. They excel and want to win. Entrepreneurs are amazing people with a high respect of character. They use their mistakes as something to learn from rather than a failure. No matter the outcome, they believe in themselves and have an extreme confidence not only in themselves, but also in what they do.
Some cultures encourage individualism while other cultures encourage collectivism. In most collectivist cultures, people are interdependent within their group, whether it involves family, tribe, or nation (Suh ...
Entrepreneurship is an important aspect of social, economic and community life. It can be viewed as a critical factor to economic growth as well as a way of addressing unemployment (Nolan, 2003).Entrepreneurs are people who are persistently focused on identifying opportunities, they seek to create something worthwhile while taking into account foreseeable risk and rewards associated with the efforts (Nolan, 2003). Furthermore, entrepreneurs are frequently understood to be individuals who discover market needs and establish new business to meet those identified opportunities. The following assignment will firstly discuss the types of entrepreneurship, secondly it will discuss the reasons people become entrepreneurs, and thirdly it will discuss the importance of entrepreneurship.
In the end, what we learn from this article is very realistic and logical. Furthermore, it is supported with real-life examples. Culture is ordinary, each individual has it, and it is both individual and common. It’s a result of both traditional values and an individual effort. Therefore, trying to fit it into certain sharp-edged models would be wrong.