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Importance of human cloning
Ethics of cloning debate
Is cloning the future of medicine
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Human cloning is rapidly become a controversial topic since the first cloned mammal—Dolly sheep was born in the late 1990s. It is a process of making a genetic copy of tissues, organs, or an entire person, which is produced by asexual reproduction. (Berg, 2012, and Aurelia, Mitrut, Iovanescu et al. 2011) There are two types of human cloning: therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. Therapeutic cloning is usually used in research area such as cloning cells to cure diseases, and reproductive cloning is usually used to create human clones. Although human cloning has not been created yet, according to Aurelia et al. (2011), 23 countries have made human cloning illegal since 2009. However, human cloning has several benefits particularly in medical research and treatment; for instance, it can help curing diabetes. Although human cloning can cure diseases and reproduce babies, the risks of human cloning still overweigh the benefits; therefore, it is necessary to have an international and national organisation to monitor the development of this technology.
Human cloning especially therapeutic cloning is the solution for health problems. It can be used to clone stem cells to cure diabetes patients, help discovering new medicines, and supply organs and tissues to transplant. Scientists use patient’s skin cells to produce new stem cells, and then replace the damaged cells to help curing diseases. However, the stem cell treatment is only suitable for a patient who is in the early stages of diabetes. According to Baker (2014), two research groups have successfully clone stem cells, yet scientists still need further research. Moreover, Berg (2012) notes that clone stem cells can help discovering some medicine to reduce the pain level of he...
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...2014, from ProQuest database.
Gend, V. D. (2009). Afterword: an obituary for human cloning. Human Life Review, 35(4), 110-112. Retrieved 13th May 2014, from ProQuest database.
Jerng, M. (2008). Giving form to life: cloning and narrative expectations of the human. Partial Answers, 6(2), 369–393. Retrieved 13th May 2014, from ProQuest database.
Koh, C. J. and Atala, A. (2004). Therapeutic cloning applications for organ transplantation. Transplant Immunology, 12, 193-201. Retrieved 26th May 2014, from ProQuest database.
Pulman, B. (2007). The issues involved in cloning: Sociology and bioethics. Revue Française De Sociologie, 48, 129-156. Retrieved 10th May 2014, from ProQuest database.
Staicu, L. (2012). Human cloning and the myth of disenchantment. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 11(31), 148-169. Retrieved 7th May 2014, from ProQuest database.
Silver’s argument illustrates to his audience that reproductive cloning deems permissible, but most people of today’s society frown upon reproductive cloning and don’t accept it. He believes that each individual has the right to whether or not they would want to participate in reproductive cloning because it is their reproductive right. However, those who participate in cloning run the risk of other’s imposing on their reproductive rights, but the risk would be worth it to have their own child.
The cells unique nature has scientists intrigued to do research with the focus of finding a way that these cells can be used to replace patients’ injured or diseased tissues. Advancement is made to all the three types of stem cells namely embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells in addition to induced pluripotent cells. Embryonic cells are the building blocks of an embryo that is developing, and can develop into almost all body cell types. Somatic cells are found in the body tissues. They renew and regenerate in healthy bodies. The third type which is induced pluripotent is genetically modified embryo cells from skin cells.2 Research on these cells are geared towards saving humanity; a noble course.
The wide range of prospective uses for stem cells could greatly improve the health and wellbeing of many people. In stem cell treatments, undifferentiated cells are programmed to form specific cells, which can then be transplanted to the afflicted area. Stems cells can possibly treat afflictions including “Alzheimer’s diseases, spinal cord injury, stroke, burns, heart disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis” (“Stem Cell Basics”). Another important use is in drug testing. Drugs can be tested on stem cells that develop into the target tissue before using it on human test subjects, which improves safety. Finally, transplantation of organs created from stem cells could eliminate the need for human...
"(261)". We can not undo what has been discovered and we must ensure that all countries involved with cloning form a committee to monitor the uses of this technology to ensure that it is used in the best interest of mankind. Works Cited Bishop, Michael J. - "The 'Bishop'" The "Enemies of Promise" The Presence of Others. C Comp. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruskiewicz.
Understanding the facts as well as procedures between the many different types of cloning is very crucial. When everything boils down there are three types of cloning known as DNA cloning, therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. DNA cloning is the copying of a gene in order to transfer it into another organism which is usually used by farmers in most of their crops. Therapeutic cloning is the use of stem cells used to help take the place of whatever cell is missing which is potentially used to help the ill. Stem cells contain the potential to grow and help replace the genes that are missing in order to fix whatever is genetically wrong with your body or any genes that you may be missing. Reproductive cloning actually produces a living animal from only one parent. The endless possibilities and perhaps hidden motives of using genetic engineering are what divide as well as destroy the scientific community’s hope for passing laws that are towards pro cloning. Many people within soci...
...l D. (2002). Researchers Report First Evidence That Nuclear Transplantation (“Therapeutic Cloning”) Can Eliminate Tissue Rejection. (Advanced Cell Technologies Press Release). Retrieved November 28, 2004, from http://www.advancedcell.com/2002-06-02.htm
By applying research from cloning normal cells to cloning stem cells, a wider range of people can be helped, and the cost of procedures will be lowered. Scientific research into cloning will allow doctors study how to safely replicate
.... Until a successful attempt of creating life emerges in upcoming history, the possibility of cloning may never reveal its truth. Matters of opinion judge the positive and negative outcomes of artificial animal reproduction, and numerous instances prove its everlasting positive outlook for world community, science, and theology.
Cloning, especially human cloning attracts increasingly more attention after the first mammal cloning animal Dolly born in 1997. Cloning is divided into two categories: therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. Therapeutic cloning is more related to tissue level cloning to transplant healthy cells and reproductive cloning is individual level cloning. Thus, the term cloning in this essay is used to describe both individual level and tissue level cloning. Public have different views. Some people support it because of its medical value, yet some people argue that it may bring many safety risks and moral problems. Hence, decisions ought to be made to identify the extent of cloning. Therefore, this essay introduces two major benefits of human cloning on disease therapy and analysis two arguments against it on safety and ethical issues.
"Human Cloning and Human Dignity: An Ethical Inquiry." The President's Council on Bioethics Washington, D.C. N.p., July-Aug. 2002. Web.
Brannigan, C. Michael. Ethical Issues in Human Cloning. New York: Seven Bridges Press, Chatham House Publishers, 2001.
In arguing against cloning, the central debate is derived from the fact that this unnatural process is simply unethical. The alleged
Imagine yourself in a society in which individuals with virtually incurable diseases could gain the essential organs and tissues that perfectly match those that are defected through the use of individual human reproductive cloning. In a perfect world, this could be seen as an ideal and effective solution to curing stifling biomedical diseases and a scarcity of available organs for donation. However, this approach in itself contains many bioethical flaws and even broader social implications of how we could potentially view human clones and integrate them into society. Throughout the focus of this paper, I will argue that the implementation of human reproductive cloning into healthcare practices would produce adverse effects upon family dynamic and society due to its negative ethical ramifications. Perhaps the most significant conception of family stems from a religious conception of assisted reproductive technologies and cloning and their impact on family dynamics with regard to its “unnatural” approach to procreation. Furthermore, the broader question of the ethical repercussions of human reproductive cloning calls to mind interesting ways in which we could potentially perceive and define individualism, what it means to be human and the right to reproduction, equality and self-creation in relation to our perception of family.
1) Robertson, John A. “Human Cloning and the Challenge of Regulation,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 339, no. 2 (July 9, 1998), pp. 119-122.
In recent years, many new breakthroughs in the areas of science and technology have been discovered. A lot of these discoveries have been beneficial to scientific community and to the people of the world. One of the newest breakthroughs is the ability to clone. Ever since Ian Wilmut and his co-workers completed the successful cloning of an adult sheep named Dolly, there has been an ongoing debate on whether it is right or wrong to continue the research of cloning (Burley). Recently, in February 2001, CNN conducted a poll that stated, 90% of American adults think that cloning humans is a bad idea (Robinson). Even though the majority of Americans are opposed to human cloning, there are many benefits that will come from the research of it. Advancements in the medical field and in the fertility process will arise from human cloning. These advancements make cloning very beneficial to the human society.