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Various theories in management
How is scientific management theory applicable
Comparison of different management theories
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Managing a business can be a tedious and stressful job. A business owner must factor in multiple business management successes ranging from marketing, finance, production, distribution, research and development, government regulations, and labor. They also must factor in multiple management theories that works best for their business. "Management theory is a “collection of ideas which set forth general rules on how to manage a business or organization. Management theory addresses how managers and supervisors relate to their organizations in the knowledge of its goals, the implementation of effective means to get the goals accomplished and how to motivate employees to perform to the highest standard" (Management theory, 2016).
Management theories
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Implementing these theories can bring success and to a business. The scientific management theory was introduced in corporate America in the 20th century and has enhanced management way of thinking. The theory was put into place by Frederick Winslow Taylor to respond to the workers producing less productivity in the longest amount of time. Taylor proposed an idea that all managers should measure their worker 's productivity and set higher targets for workers to achieve. How scientific management theory works is, a manager will walk around taking notes and timing the workes to carry out a time and motion study on workers. The process eventually led to a system where workers are paid for their output of work not for their …show more content…
It reduces the cost of production, offers training of employees which leads to an increase in efficiency and a better workforce, a peaceful relationship among workers and management. For workers, it provides better work conditions which reduces fatigue, higher wages for the higher productivity of products, and training that increases skills, knowledge and competency. For society, it offers quality products at lower cost, improve standard of living, technological development, and increased productivity in the country.
Another good theory to implement into a business is the behavioral management theory. It relies on the notion that managers and workers will have a better understanding of each other and treat employees as important aspects of the company. Making employees feel appreciated and needed tend to produce harder workers who produce better quality products. When morale is low in a company and employees do not feel appreciated they tend to produce lower quality products and not work to their full
Carpenter, M., Bauer, T., Erodogan, B., & Short, J. (2013). Principles of management. (2nd ed.).
A management philosophy helps an individual to know the direction and the steps to follow when in a position of management. The various concepts of management have been very helpful, and they have had an impact on my personal management philosophy. Planning is an action that involves thinking about a project and organizing them in a manner that is likely to lead to the desired goal (Dumas, 2013). Planning can assist in ensuring that a task is completed in a systematic way to avoid confusion or distractions so that it has a successful outcome. Organizing aids in establishing activities and resources as well as roles are to be grouped to carry out the plan (Griffin, 2016). My personal management philosophy includes becoming an effective leader
To say that scientific management theory doesn't exist at all in modern organisational life would be incorrect, as the problem with this idea is simply that it does not cater for all of today's business needs.
Miles, R. (1975) Theories of Management: Implications for Organisational Behaviour and Development. McGraw-Hill, New York.
An organisation is a deliberate arrangement of team consisting different personal identities to accomplish some specific goals and managers are the ones who hold the responsibility of mastering and placing them together to strive for that purpose (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, and Coulter, 2008). Robbins et al. (2008) have stated that managers are people who coordinate and oversee the work activities of others so that the goal is accomplished effectively and efficiently. Managers usually possess qualities such as having strong communication skills, flexibility, imagination, enthusiasm, problem solving skills, and of course the desire to be a great leader (Phdinmanagement.org, 2014). The structure of management conducted by a manager is often influenced by the four functions introduced by Henri Fayol (planning, organising, leading, controlling); how Henry Mintzberg’s management roles play in the organisation and also the three essentials management skills proposed by Robert L. Katz (Robbins et al., 2008).
Today’s era of business world adapts to everything new but these modern concepts are an indirect tribute to the theories produced by Taylor, Fayol, Mayo and Weber. Taylor’s Scientific management theory is one such example which has become such an important aspects of modern management that it feels unbelievable that his concepts were a part of the history. It is falsely assumed that as the society progresses, the older theories tend to lose their importance. The thing to be noted here is that these theories are based on basic human needs which do not change with time; the thing that changes is the method to fulfil those needs. Investigating earlier management theories is important because these theories are less complex and provide immediate solution to the problems. These theories basically help us to go to the root of the problem and understand its complexity. The better understanding we have about the problem, the easier it is to accomplish the objectives of the company. The following essay states the importance of the Taylor’s Scientific management theory and how it is implemented even today in the business world.
There are several theories that examine an organization and it’s approach to managing work in an effort to develop efficiency and increase production. Two classical approaches to management are Taylor’s scientific management theory and Weber's bureaucratic management theory. Both men are considered pioneers of in the study of management.
The concept of scientific management is based on the idea that work could be studied to increase efficiency, and specialization. Economist Adam Smith changed the way the world looked at the economy and organization. In his essay, “Of the Division of Labour,” Smith emphasizes the importance of specialization, and how division of labor leads to specialization. He states that this would allow a worker to be more productive and efficient (Shafritz, Ott, & Jang, 2011, p. 41-45). Frederick Taylor introduced the principles of scientific management, which stated that management is a science, workers should be scientifically selected and trained scientifically, and both management and workers should work together.
Managing a workplace can be an eventful, yet stressful occupation, as motivating others while handling conflict can be challenging. In order to achieve success, the manager can explore many theories to help effectively manage the working environment. The implement of management theories help increase quality of service as well as increase the level of productivity within an organization (Hawthorne). “Not many managers use a singular theory or concept when implementing strategies in the workplace: They commonly use a combination of a number of theories, depending on the workplace, purpose and workforce” (Hawthorne). Contingency theory and Theory X and Theory Y are two of the many options that a manager can explore and adopt in order to effectively
There are three well-established theories of classical management: Taylor?s Theory of Scientific Management, Fayol?s Administrative Theory, Weber?s Theory of Bureaucracy. Although these schools, or theories, developed historical sequence, later ideas have not replaced earlier ones. Instead, each new school has tended to complement or coexist with previous ones.
Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows. Its main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management. Its development began with Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s within the manufacturing industries. Its peak of influence came in the 1910s; by the 1920s, it was still influential but had begun an era of competition and syncretism with opposing or complementary ideas. Although scientific management as a distinct theory or school of thought was obsolete by the 1930s, most of its themes are still important parts of industrial engineering and management today.
Scientific management can be defined from a broad sense as the endeavors made in order to come up with suitable systems in the sector of industrial production and organization. In a narrower sense, it refers to the specific principles that were championed by Fredrick Taylor who was an engineer before the First World War. Taylor focused on ways of increasing productivity and reducing waste that resulted from management controlling the labor process. It is important to realize maximum output from every individual or machine and it is only through embracing scientific management that these problems could be solved. The central way that Taylor proposed of achieving these goals was task idea which was regarded as the single most important concept in scientific management. Task idea held that the tasks of every worker were to be planned out and the workers given clear instructions with details of the work they were supposed to do and ways of doing it.
Human resource management has it roots in the late and early 1900's. When workers jobs became less labor intense and more working with machinary. The scientific management movement began. This movement was started by Frederick Taylor when he wrote about it a book titled The Principles of Scientific Management. The book stated, "The principal object of management should be to secure the maximum prosperity for the employer, coupled with the maximum prosperity for each employee."(2) Taylor believed that management should use the techniques used by scientist to research and test work skills to improve the efficiency of the workforce.
Over the past hundred years management has continuously been evolving. There have been a wide range of approaches in how to deal with management or better yet how to improve management functions in our ever changing environment. From as early as 1100 B.C managers have been struggling with the same issues and problems that manager’s face today. Modern managers use many of the practices, principles, and techniques developed from earlier concepts and experiences.
Management is vital for any organisations regardless of the size and the types of the organisations. In general, management is defined as “the application of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling functions in the most efficient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives.” (John M. Ivancevish and Thomas N. Duening, 2007)