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This study is based on Belsky’s (1993) developmental-ecological model for predictors of intergenerational transmission of child abuse, positing that parent’s history and their personality characteristics shape their parental schemes of parenting; also impacted by community and cultural contexts (Belsky, 1993). Belsky’s study also found that first-time mothers of low socioeconomic status, who had experienced severe physical childhood abuse, were 12.6 times more likely to abuse their children in comparison to mothers who had an emotionally supportive relationship with their parents. The problem with child abuse and neglect is that the parents have suffered themselves in their childhood, but this is where the states should offer parenting classes
and such resources for the parents to be educated.
Romero-Martinez A, Figueiredo B, Moya-Albiol L. Childhood history of abuse and child abuse potential: The role of parent's gender and timing of childhood abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect March 2014; 38(3).Print
Sadler, B. The societal consequences of child abuse. In Grapes, B. J. (2001) Contemporary Issues Companion: Child Abuse. San Diego: Greenhaven Press.
Psychological maltreatment, like many other forms of abuse can also be passed down through intergenerational transmission. It is not unlikely for parents to psychologically mistreat their children due to their own past or childhood experiences with psychologically abuse. For example, it is not uncommon during the course of an investigation of physiological maltreatment that it is discovered that the perpetrator had their own form of abuse history in the past. Often time’s people look at psychological maltreatment as a consequence resulting from some other form of abuse, mainly physical and sexual, but tend to overlook the fact that it may also occur as an individual form. Psychological maltreatment can take more than one form. During the course of researching for this paper I learned that there are three typical forms of behavior in which people follow when displaying this type of abuse against children. The three types are acting in an aggressive, rejecting, and lessening
Nurturing Parenting Programs (NPP) aims to target a specific population of parents. These parents are at a higher risk of maltreatment or physical abuse to their children. Poor interactional skills, abusive and/or neglectful care as children themselves, and conduct disorders, oppositional and attention-deficit disorders have all been noted to be significantly increased among this population”(Palusci, 2008, p.81). Joan McCord (1983) found that children who were harmed were more than likely to develop a mental disorder, become a juvenile delinquent, develop some form of substance abuse, or ultimately continue on the cycle of abuse to their children. Although some would not consider the
Prevalence of childhood exposure of domestic violence can be understood considering many different things such as the numbers of children exposed and their experiences, how exposure impacts children development, factors that increase risks or provide protection against the negative effects of exposure, and the types of interventions that can be implemented to mitigate deleterious effects (Osofsky, 2003). The two most widely cited two researchers Carlson and Straus developed estimates of childhood exposure to domestic violence. Based on studies of the number of households experiencing domestic violence each year, Carlson found that at least 3.3 million children yearly are at risk of exposure to parental violence (Herrenkohl, Sousa, Tajima, Herremkohl & Moylan, 2008; Edleson et al., 2007). Straus estimated an even higher level of exposure using retrospective accounts by adults in their teenage years. Stratus estimated that 10 million American teenagers were expose...
The visual aid included in this paper is to contrast the environment in which I was raised with the environment I will work in partnership with my spouse to create for our future children. Clearly, through critical examination I can conclude that not all children who are exposed to psychological maltreatment, demonstrate the same level of resiliency that I have demonstrated. Instead, many of the children raised in environments with varying levels of psychological maltreatment are at risk of engaging in criminal activity, experiencing cognitive and or emotional disabilities and continuing the cycle of violence with their own children (Feldman & Landry, 2012). The cycle of violence hypothesis theories that individuals who were abused as children, are more likely to choose to model the abusive behaviour they have learned when disciplining or interacting with their own children (Feldman & Landry 2012). By applying the Social-Cognitive Learning Theory to the experience mentioned in this paper, I can reaffirm that behaviour is learned through the observation of others, thus, parents are primary figures in modelling behaviour that will be demonstrated in the future. Social-Cognitive psychologist Alberta Bandura postulated that through observation, that children often model the observed behaviour of another and they
According to Albert Roberts’ Handbook of Domestic Violence Intervention Strategies, “Theorist who advocate this approach believe that abusive situations may be the result of the interaction among personal, situational, social, political, and cultural factors (Roberts, 35). There have been three consistent risk factors for someone to become an abuser. These three include, growing up without a consistent father figure, witnessing domestic violence when they were children, and having been physically or sexually abused (Roberts, 35). An example for the micro system includes drug or alcohol use. An example of a macro system risk factors could include the way society gives a sense of male entitlement or ownership over a woman (Roberts,
Child abuse goes way back in history starting from the time when a little 10 year old girl got removed from her parents home in 1874. The case is connected to the founding of the New York Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children, which gave rise to the founding of similar societies (National Association of Counsel for Children). Most children under the age of 3 tended to have a higher rate of victimization and girls had a higher risk than boys. Sexual abuse was frequently associated with family problems such as parental alcholism, parental rejection, and parental marital conflict (Bright Futures 4 Kids). Throughtout history, child abuse seems to be less crucial and likely than it was before because back then there was a lower rate of child care. Man...
Child maltreatment can affect any child, usually aged 0-18, and it occurs across socioeconomic, religious, ethnic or even educational backgrounds. Arguably, child abuse and neglect is a violation of basic human rights of a child resulting from social, familial, psychological and economic factors (Kiran, 2011). Familial factors include lack of support, poverty, single parenthood, and domestic violence among others, (McCoy and Keen, 2009). The common types of child maltreatment include physical abuse, emotional maltreatment, neglect, and sexual abuse among others. Abuse and neglect can lead to a variety of impacts on children and young people such as physical, behavioral as well as psychological consequences which will affect the development and growth of the child either positively or negatively based on the environment and agency. More so, emotional, cognitive and physical developmental impacts from child neglect in the early stages of childhood can be carried on into adulthood. Research findings reveal that the experience of maltreatment can cause major long-term consequences on all aspects of a child’s health, growth as well as intellectual development and mental wellbeing, and these effects can impair their functioning as adults. Commonly, the act of abuse/ or neglect toward a child affects the child’s physical, behavioral development and growth, which can be positive or negative, depending on the child’s environment and agency. Another way to understand how the act has affected the child is to look at the child for who they are, and interviewing and observing their behaviors of their everyday life.
As is evident in the CNN and New York Daily News articles, domestic abuse within intimate relationships impacts children. It is horrific that domestic abuse infiltrates into other lives beyond the directly abused victim - let alone that domestic abuse occurs at all...
Child abuse is a social problem in America that has many contributed factors. Factors that contribute to child abuse and neglect includes poverty, divorce, substance use, lack of education, stress due to unemployment, mental health issues, teenage parent, and a history of child abuse in the family. It took decades for physicians to conclude that parents have been violently assaulting their children. Child abuse, child labor, juvenile delinquency, and similar social questions historically were ethical and moral problems, not strictly medical ones. (Helfer, Kempe, & Krugman, 1997). In 1962, the Journal of American Medical Association published “The Battered-Child Syndrome.” The article transformed society’s views and dates the rediscovery of child abuse as a social problem. Following this article, the U.S. Children’s Bureau adopted the first laws mandating physicians to report any suspicions of abuse and neglect to the police or child welfare. By 1974, some 60,000 cases were reported. In 1980, the number exceeded one million (Myers J. E., 2004).
Domestic abuse and child abuse have widespread social and emotional costs. Family violence affects all segments of the family. The impact of violence on childrens' lives appears to be far more substantial than the impact on adults lives(Family, Pg. 1). In most cases of family violence the family has conformed to a pattern in which the line of family violence started generations ago. This pattern must be broken before more children growup and live in a family that resorts to violence. But there are also children who live in loving families who do not resort to violence and as these children mature they start resorting to violence to help solve and deal with their problems. Studies show that physical punishment could cause aggression in children, but other studies show that even abusive parental violence does not always lead to an increase in children's aggression. Only by recognizing and addressing the multifactorial roots of violence in our society can we move closer to living in peace.
The effects of child abuse are multiple. The pain and trauma the abused child goes through is just a small part of how this cauldron of hidden depravity in our society affects all of us. Wrecked lives can be seen in persons of all ages and in all walks of life. Society as a whole is also effected by child abuse both in negative and positive ways. In this essay I will present some of the factor and results of this violent behavior on individuals as well as our culture.
According to the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) (n.d.), the causes of child abuse are 1) poverty, 2) less education, 3) unemployment, 4) changes in address, 5) marital problems, 6) lack of support, and 7) isolation. These factors are not only individual problems, but also social problems. Also, factors are considered to be interrelated to each other. For instance, parents in poverty are at higher risk of abused their children because they are more likely to struggle with economic problems because of unemployment. They are less likely to have stable jobs because of lack of education.
A study was done by David G. Gil, author of Violence Against Children: Physical Child Abuse in the United States and Journal of Marriage and Family, conducted a study about the types of child that was abused. His findings indicated that children of all ages are abused. He also found that abused children are more likely to come from single-parent homes or from large families. Income, occupation, and education are all factors that indicate the higher rates of abuse. Most children in his sample were abused by their mothers, and fewer than half the abused children in his sample were living with their bi...