Behaviorism: Wittgenstein, And Carl Gustav Hempel

There are three important philosophers of behaviorism, which are Gilbert Ryle, Ludwig

Wittgenstein, and Carl Gustav Hempel.

Gilbert Ryle (1900-1976) was a British philosopher. His work normally based on the

Ordinary Language Philosophy. He had published his ideas in Philosophy of Mind and

Philosophy of Language which made him to influence the development of 20th Century Analytic

Philosophy. He had inheritance from his father who favors Philosophy then he achieved a First

Class Honors in Philosophy during college time. He was famous for his criticism of the Dualism

of Descartes- the ghost in the machine and mind-body theories. His point of view of behaviorism

is the belief of all mental phenomena has connection with a person’s observable behavior.

Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) was one of the important philosophers. He was
inspired by the mathematician and philosopher Gottlob Frege. At Cambridge, Wittgenstein
impressed Russell and G.E. Moore, and began work on logic. He had published the Tractatus
Logico-Philosophicus which made him influential. The Tractatus is based on logical positivists,
eliminating the philosophical problems from misunderstanding of the logic of language, by
showing what the logic is. He also works on another book Philosophical Investigations by
concerning logic and language. This book had inspiration in ordinary language philosophy.
Carl Gustav Hempel (1905-1997) was a United States citizen but German-born
philosopher. He faced challenges on the theories of confirmation then he hypothesizes a
quantitative degree of confirmation. He explained the same logical footing as predictions by his
deductive-nomological model. He systematizes the data by quantitative measure of the power of
a theory. Soon, he ignored the project of an inductive logic and focus on logical empiricism to
emphasize on the verifiability principle. In the end he changed his perspective from a logical
positivist to more like on the aspect of empirical analysis.