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Effects of environment in the development of children essay
John Watson Behaviorism Psychology Theory
John Watson Behaviorism Psychology Theory
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As children develop, they begin to develop certain traits and behavior that they have picked up from the environment that they have been exposed to. They begin to respond in certain ways based on experiences that have had. Infants in particular are an example of the way these certain behaviors are brought to surface. They will begin to develop either positive or negative perspective towards certain items. One way in which a child develops these perspectives and experiences is through a Behavioral Approach influenced by John Watson. The idea behind it is that a child’s behavior based on their environment (McLeod 1). It is based off of the observation made by the child. The first three months of a infant development are crucial in “helping
According to this theory, external forces can influence the development of emotions. A child can mature a lot quicker when they are placed in an environmen...
Slater, A., and Muir, D., (1998). The Blackwell Reader in Developmental Psychology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, Ltd.
Shaffer, D. R., & Kipp, K. (2014). Infancy. In Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence (p. 158). Australia: Wadsworth.
Behaviorists are more impartial when it comes to daycare. They believe that it can either benefit or harm the child; it depends upon parental and daycare practices. Behaviorists would find it valuable to start to educate and train infants at a very young age. Behaviorists are looking to make learned associations between stimuli and behaviors. The external environment will be used to make associations to teach infants through biological predispositions such as a cry, and what it will indicate to caregivers. Infants can begin to make links between their basic needs and desires and how to have them satisfied. Attachment theorists have a negative view about childcare programs. They believe the most delicate age for infants and their growth begin at six months. It is a crucial age for...
1. Emotions in early childhood have been studied time by time again, to come to a conscience method on how emotions are developed from the start. The earliest emotions that are expressed in the first six months of an infant’s life are things like surprise, interest, joy, anger, sadness, fear, and disgust with a plethora of other emotions began to spawn. Emotions have proven to be important roles in communication with others and behavioral organization. Infants use these aspects to determine interactions weather emotions would be positive or negative.
...as an individual, still finding a sense of closeness with their caregiver. The perceptions that are formed as an infant are progressively construed to structure who we are, what we do, and why we do the things we do. These long-term effects appear to grow and are constructive as internal working models which shape our behavior, self perception, sense of self, and our expectations of other people.
This statement from John B. Watson is addressing the fact that he believed that humans are not restricted to their biological traits. He also stated that although he recognized that there was not factual evidence to support this theory he still believed there was validity. It is interesting to consider that John Watson felt strong enough on this concept as to step outside the “safe” way of thinking. In the statement, Watson made a clear connection to his beliefs of nurture when he stated that he could train the infants regardless of their abilities, or other biological factors.
In conclusion, the theory of behaviorism is based on observable behaviors for easier quantification and data collection. Effective techniques such as behavior intervention and discrete trial training originate from this school of thought. The approaches are very essential in altering the maladaptive behaviors in adults and children (Cherry, 2011). Today, conditioning and the use of reward and punishment are used to help people learn accepted behavior and in other cases to help them stop problematic behavior (Coon & Mitterer, 2008). This has made behavior modification and training easy and possible. Therefore, Dr. John Watson played a tremendous role in the transition of psychology from the work of earlier scholars to the modern scholars.
As children grow and develop, their actions become more self-directed and less subject to outside regulation by others (Poulsen, et al., 2006, p....
...an infant is living in, and how he or she would get treat in the first three years, would get effect on his or her behavior. “ Babies’ brains are searching for clues about the world that they are entering, trying to predict what settings will best adapt them to the life ahead” (Patty 127). When the baby does not see any care, any kind of emotion in its life, they would grow up as an unemotional person, because the person’s brain did not process the steps of learning empathy in its life. “A baby is born with just one suite of genes. If they can produce only one pattern of responses, that pattern could turn out to be fatally maladaptive” (Patty 128). The baby is capable of learning whatever the environment is giving him to learn. Children may seem they don’t understand everything that goes around him or her, but it’s from that children will understand how to behave.
Watson was a psychologist who developed the classical model of behaviour that was started by Pavlov. In this theory they think that all normal or abnormal behaviour is learnt so therefor if a bad behaviour can be learnt that is mean it can also unlearnt it.
He usually felt lonely, however in his behavior he tries to act strong and bold to gain attention from others. In one study, a psychologist named John Watson shaped a newborn into environmental factors he chose. This research came out successful. The development of children mostly depends on the environment their parents create. Then the children catch onto the behavior of that environment, which is the character parents emits
The successful application of these theories have been very interdisciplinary in their use, being applicable in the development of disorders and even calculating spending patterns across social groups. Behaviorism and social learning have evolved beyond the original use of solely educational purposes. However, the effectiveness of the behaviorism theory has come into question as an educational approach., L’Ecuyer (2014) explains that the behaviorism approach, “emphasizes the accumulation of information (knowledge), on external behaviors (skills and mechanical habits) and their emotional and physical reactions in given situations, rather than on the person’s internal mental states, such as intentionality, which are much more complex (p.2). The article questions the modern effectiveness of the behaviorism approach on children. I have found that the theory of social learning when paired with the behaviorism theory is still very useful in education, even with the influx of modern technologies. At the very core, behaviorism, both classical and, seeks to explain why humans react to certain stimuli. Operant is more used in socially especially in child rearing, how to effectively discipline and child via reinforcement of positive behaviors or corporal punishment for negative behaviors is still a highly debated topic. Social learning can also heavily influence
Behaviorism is a learning theory or a developmental theory that measures observable behaviors that are produced by the learner’s response to stimuli. On one end of the spectrum behaviorism is known as an attitude. At the other end, it is known as a doctrine. According to the behavioral views of human development, behaviorists argued that to focus attention on unobservable constructs, such as emotions, thoughts, or the unconscious, was an unscientific approach.(Craig & Dunn, Ex.: 2010)
Developmental psychology is to study a wide range of theoretical areas, such as biological, social, emotion, and cognitive processes, the study of developmental psychology begins with a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a testable statement that reflects what the researcher expects to find in a study. The goal of research is to analyze the area of interest, collect information and data about topic, draw conclusions based upon this research and data, and then add or expand upon previously existing theories of development. Infancy is the period between birth and the acquisition of language one to two years later. Besides a set of inherited reflexes that help them obtain nourishment and react to danger, newborns are equipped with a predilection for