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The beauty standard
Broad definition of beauty
Beauty and social construct
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Beauty, Biology, and Society What is beauty? How do human beings decide who is attractive and who is not? Society is full of messages telling us what is beautiful, but what are those definitions based on? Do we consciously decide whom we are attracted to, or is biology somehow involved? The issue of beauty and how we define it has been studied for centuries. Scholars from all fields of study have searched for the "formula" for beauty. Darwin in his book The Descent of Man wrote, "It is certainly not true that there is in the mind of man any universal standard of beauty with respect to the human body. It is however, possible that certain tastes in the course of time become inherited, though I have no evidence in favor of this belief." (1) Science has tried to look at beauty beyond the conscious level. It has tried to determine what roles biology plays in human attraction. Scientists have discovered that symmetry and scent play a role in defining human attraction. (3) But while this can begin to explain beauty on the most basic of levels, what accounts for variations in the standard of beauty? The idea of beauty varies within different societies and communities. Do these cultural preferences have a biological basis? What is the relationship between biology and society in relation to the idea of beauty? How do they relate to each other, and how do they differ? In particular what role does science play in the preference that many societies, (in particular South Asian, East Asian, and North American Cultures), have for fairer skin? Beauty is experienced through visual stimuli. The human being's intake of beauty is through both conscious and unconscious decisions. (4) (4) The question is what motivates our unconscious decisions... ... middle of paper ... ...t/html/astrid/femphers.html 3) Evolutionary Psychology of Sexual Attraction https://cognet.mit.edu/login/?return_url=%2Flibrary%2Ferefs%2Fmitecs%2Fthornhill.html 4) The Biological Purpose of Beauty http://www.beautyworlds.com/beautybiological.htm 5) The Role of Afrocentric Features in Person Perception: Judging by Features and Categories , Journal of Personality and Social Psychology http://www.colorado.edu/~iblair/Blar_features.pdf 6) When Black Isn't Beautiful, , The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,3899316,00.html 7) What's In a Colour?. http://www.peak.sfu.ca/the-peak/98-2/issue1/colourbar.html1/ 8) The Colour Bar of Beauty http://www.peak.sfu.ca/the-peak/98-2/issue1/colourbar.html1/ 9) Races and Racism http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro02/web2/)%20http://www.geocities.com/pak_history/racism.html
Goldmann, David R., and David A. Horowitz. American College of Physicians Home Medical Guide to Parkinson's Disease. New York: Dorling Kindersley Pub., 2000. Print.
Throughout Shakespeare’s play ‘Macbeth’, the recurring imagery of blood is used as a symbol to demonstrate the constant feelings of guilt felt by the characters, ultimately leading to their endless feelings of fear and horror.
In “The Biopower of Beauty: Humanitarian Imperialism and Global Feminism in an Age of Terror,” Mimi Thi Nguyen argues that beauty as a measure of moral character functions to regulate an individual. Nguyen explains that beauty promises to be redemptive and bring an individual from the outside in relation with the world(362). For example, the United States through nongoverenmental orgainizations (NGO’s), have promoted beauty to Afghanistan women because it is a way if liberating them from an uncivilized barbaric society that oppresses them to hide their beauty through the veil. According to Kant, the veil is considered ugly because it hides the body, which is associated with the erotic. Kant claims that beauty made visible is true and good, while the invisible is ugly and erotic (266). Nguyen claims using Kant that beauty is connected to morality because it makes visible what the “ugly” is trying to hide by providing a pathway in which beauty can improve ones life. Nguyen asserts that individuals use beauty as a serious of techniques to produce knowledge and emotions that function to portray the individual with dignity in comparison to the “ugly”. Thus, the use of beauty as an educational tool that measures their character is an important factor in teaching women to associate themselves with the rest of the world.
Parkinson's is an idiopathic, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that attacks neurotransmitters in the brain called dopamine. Dopamine is concentrated in a specific area of the brain called the substantia nigra. The neurotransmitter dopamine is a chemical that regulates muscle movement and emotion. Dopamine is responsible for relaying messages between the substantia nigra and other parts of the brain to control body movement. The death of these neurotransmitters affects the central nervous system. The most common symptoms are movement related, including shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with posture. Behavioral problems may arise as the disease progresses. Due to the loss of dopamine, Parkinson's patients will often experience depression and some compulsive behavior. In advanced stages of the disease dementia will sometimes occur. The implications of the disease on the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory and phonatory systems significantly control speech.
Sarwer, D. B., Grossbart, T. A., & Didie, E. R. (2003). Beauty and society. Seminars in
Jeff Miller, the vice president of health and safety of the NFL, accepted that football shares a connection with injuries like CTE. Until this day, to prevent responsibility in court, the NFL has never admitted to this connection (Andrews). How can the NFL help prevent injuries if it has only acknowledged the link between football and CTE now? Due to cowardliness of the NFL, youth will follow the belief that concussions have no effect on their playing ability. Unfortunately, even though the NFL has started to consider the health of the players, it is too late as “eighty-seven of 91 former NFL players who donated their brains to science after death tested positive for… CTE… a degenerative disease that's linked with repeated head trauma and concussions”(Kounang). Many players currently suffer and will continue to suffer due to the NFL’s carelessness. Minors shouldn’t have to play under a negligent organization that treats its players safety without any concern. It may seem concussions have little to no effect on youth, yet constant blows to the brain build on each other leading to amnesia, depression and senility (Ask). While youth may not show signs of brain trauma at first, the build up of injuries will impact them negatively in the long term. For football to maintain its reputation as a dream sport, the issue of concussions needs greater recognition. Minors should compete with increased prudence and not risk their health with potentially harmful
Concussions can have serious effects on players including death. While the diagnoses of concussions in the NFL has increased so has the awareness and research which may account for the increased incidence of NFL players with concussions. This paper will examine the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, effects and strategies for prevention of concussions. This paper will show that a concussion is one of the worst injuries an athlete can receive.
Tackle football is one of the most controversial sports in the modern day. As more and more pro football players are diagnosed with brain diseases, the argument against tackle football is growing. Football has always been a contact sport. After all, that’s what makes it so much fun to watch. However, with new technology, the cause of diseases such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is becoming more clear. “It’s not concussions that cause CTE. It’s repeated hits.”
The human body is one of the most complex and yet beautiful things on the earth. We live in a time where our perception of the way we view the body is driven my social stereotypes. In todays world we are supposed to live by the standards of this unwritten code. All of this affects the quality of life we live in. It ranges from the workplace; our personal relationships to the way strangers perceive a person. At this very day in age we are categorized due to being born male or female and things that should be talked about are considered taboo to others.
Throughout history, beauty has been seen as a value to humans. Beauty practices start as far back as foot binding and continues up to today with cosmetic surgeries such as liposuction. On every billboard, magazine, and commercial citizens are reminded that they are not as physically attractive as they could be and there is a solutions to their problem. In his analysis of beauty, Kant states that beauty is morality. Despite the fact physical beauty is highly valued in society, it is not the driving factor when it comes to determining morality and making ethical judgments. To support this, I will be introducing Aristotle’s virtue ethics and David Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature to demonstrate that beauty is independent of virtue and does not influence morality as it is not considered when discussing morality.
Jahanshahi, M. (2007). Parkinson’s disease. In S. Ayers, A. Baum, C. McManus, & et. al. (Eds.), Cambridge handbook of psychology, health and medicine (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from
To briefly summarize, the report acts to identify nurses as an important faction in enabling access to high quality, affordable health care. This was supported by the development of four fundamental recommend...
The basal ganglia (BG) are responsible for a variety of functions, specifically providing adequate voluntary motor activity. They are an organized network, where different parts are activated for specific functions and circumstances. The motor circuit of the basal ganglia is the focus in this disease because PD is mainly thought to be a movement disorder (Obeso et al., 2008). Therefore, the level of the brain within the Central Nervous System that underlies the disorder is the cerebral cortex, and some subcortical structures. The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain that is essential for higher mental and behavioral functioning. Underneath the cerebral cortex is where axons connect to and from the cortex and where interconnected clusters of cell bodies, like the basal ganglia, are located (Stirling, 2000, p. 61). The basal ganglia receive input from cortical areas, and transmit that input to the motor cortex through the thalamus, in order to permit movement. The substantia nigra is interconnected with the nuclei of the basal ganglia. Some connections are excitatory and some are inhibitory. The pars compacta part of the substantia nigra is where dopamine is produced. When there is a depletion, or low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the substantia nigra, the balance of the output from the basal ganglia to the motor cortex is altered (Byrne
There are over seven billion people on earth and every single one looks different. No matter how much people say that being different is unique, they are wrong. Society has set a beauty standard, with the help of the media and celebrities, that makes people question their looks. This standard is just a definition of what society considers being “beautiful.” This idea is one that mostly everyone knows about and can relate to. No one on this planet is exactly the same, but people still feel the need to meet this standard. Everyone has two sides to them; there is the one that says “you are perfect just the way you are”, while the other side puts you down and you tell yourself “I have to change, I have to fit in.” There is always going to be that side that cares and the one that doesn’t.
Beauty can be seen by a person in several ways, and it is perceived by most to be only skin-deep. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, “It is the quality or aggregate of qualities in a person that gives pleasure to the senses or pleasurably exalts the mind or spirit.” Additionally, the definition from the Oxford Dictionary says, “Beauty is a combination of qualities, such as shape, color, or form that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight.” In short, beauty is described as something attractive and likeable to the eyes. Nonetheless, beauty should not be seen on a physical level, but it should also encompass a person’s character. To further elaborate and understand beauty, one should know how the media perceives beauty towards