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Character analysis of the narrator in Bartleby the Scrivener
Essay on tragedy through the ages
Psychoanalysis English literature
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The story begins with an elderly lawyer, whose business picks up to the point where he needs to hire a third scrivener. Nippers and Turkey, his current scriveners, are overworked and have serious health issues; Nippers suffers from stomach problems, and Turkey is an alcoholic. Enter Bartleby, the dreary, desolate, “forlorn-looking” applicant. For whatever reason, the lawyer hires Bartleby. In the beginning Bartleby’s production and work are excellent, but begin to seriously deteriorate throughout the story, after being asked to perform different tasks. Bartleby’s work performance gradually deteriorates until he is performing no work at all. The lawyer relinquishes any responsibility for Bartleby, his work, or his well being, until the time of his passing. Upon learning of Bartleby’s passing, the lawyer re-examines the world through Bartleby’s eyes, and gains an understanding of his misery and suffering. The Lawyer The lawyer, as successful of a businessman that he is, shows signs of an avoidant personality disorder in the very beginning of the story. He severely dislikes confrontation, possibly because it either gives him anxiety, or he is hypersensitive to negative situations; some would call individuals with this disorder “people pleasers”. Whether or not the lawyer has a true clinical problem, he definitely appears to be a people pleaser. As a manager, you cannot be a people pleaser and an excellent manager of work at the same time. The lawyer couldn’t manage Nippers and Turkey’s short-comings, because he couldn’t be bothered to replace them. I think that was an excuse, and believe the lawyer was too timid to confront Nippers and Turkey face to face; allowing them to remain poor employees. With two sub-par employ... ... middle of paper ... ...uldn’t have happened; for he would have eliminated Bartleby as a candidate upon contacting personal and professional references, and obtaining knowledge of his prior employment. Conclusion The story is open to many interpretations of Bartleby, the lawyer, and the incidents that happen throughout the plot; I analyzed and interpreted the story from a management point of view. Based on one’s work and life experience, one could interpret the story as a tale of misfortune, with emphasis on empathy towards the lawyer; because he had to deal with a difficult and puzzling employee. Someone who may have experienced mental disorders personally, or in a family environment, may empathize with Bartleby. Regardless of how you interpreted the story, it truly is a great tragedy in the end, and a tragedy I believe could have be averted through proper leadership and management.
Bartleby- The Scrivener In Herman Melville’s “Bartleby the Scrivener”, the author uses several themes to convey his ideas. The three most important themes are alienation, man’s desire to have a free conscience, and man’s desire to avoid conflict. Melville uses the actions of an eccentric scrivener named Bartleby, and the responses of his cohorts, to show these underlying themes to the reader. The first theme, alienation, is displayed best by Bartleby’s actions. He has a divider put up so that the other scriveners cannot see him, while all of them have desks out in the open so they are full view of each other, as well as the narrator. This caused discourse with all of the others in the office. This is proven when Turkey exclaims, “ I think I’ll just step behind his screen and black his eyes for him.”(p.2411) The other scriveners also felt alienated by the actions of the narrator. His lack of resolve when dealing with Bartleby angered them because they knew that if they would have taken the same actions, they would have been dismissed much more rapidly. The narrator admits to this when he said, “ With any other man I should have flown outright into a dreadful passion, scorned all further words, and thrust him ignominiously from my presence.” (2409) The next theme is man’s desire to avoid conflict. The narrator avoids conflict on several occasions. The first time Bartleby refused to proofread a paper, the narrator simply had someone else do it instead of confronting him and re...
In Dan McCall’s essay, “From the Reliable Narrator,” McCall stresses that the lawyer/narrator should be viewed as a reliable and trustworthy source. His perspective on the lawyer a “distinct minority”, as he feels very few view the lawyer in that way. Many critics see the lawyer as the opposite of McCall, and inforce that the lawyer is unreliable and blameworthy. That he is a representation of ‘consumer capitalism” and the he ‘is simply incapable of recognizing-the political and economic forces that have made him what he is” (McCall, 272). McCall uses other critic’s perspectives in order to reflect light on his own. He explains that the lawyer is someone he trusts, when he first read it at the age of eighteen and even now, because the lawyer
Bartleby, the Scrivener, a story of lawyer and scrivener, questions like: What is worth living for in the world? What does society to value or shape what it means to be successful or of worth in the world that is inhabited? This is done through various implications of Bartleby’s actions and responses, as well as the lawyer’s, and the descriptions and imagery of the environment.
...dhearted grandmother. Bartleby was able to be free in his workplace because the lawyer allowed him so. Therefore, both characters' relationships with others, who showed compassion and understanding, helped them to overcome obstacles and reach freedom. Brent’s grandmother was a positive aspect in her life through support, and it made Brent believe there was still humanity or hope. Bartleby got the lawyer to let him do as he pleased, although it was the result of the lawyer's selfishness. Nevertheless, the lawyer did care for Bartleby and tried to help him, even if he was unsuccessful in the end. Each character had different approaches to freedom, and got there on their own, with nothing given to them but support. The acts of kindness and knowledge of the fact that good-hearted people still existed were ultimately enough for Brent and Bartleby to reach their freedom.
Bartleby demonstrates behaviours indicative of depression, the symptoms he has in accordance with the DSM-IV are a loss of interest in activities accompanied by a change in appetite, sleep, and feelings of guilt (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, 320). Very shortly after Bartleby begins his work as a Scrivener he is described by the narrator as having done “nothing but stand at his window in his dead-wall revery”. (Melville, 126) In contrast, Bartleby had previously been described as a very hard worker and this process of doing increasingly less shows how his a diminishing sense of interest both in his work but also of the perception others have of him. It is also noted that included in this lack of interest is a social withdrawal (DSM—IV, 321) which corresponds well to Bartleby in that his workspace becomes known as his “hermitage”. During small talk which included Bartleby he says that he “would prefer to be left alone”. (Melville, 120) Bartleby only emerges from his hermitage when called upon and quickly returns when faced with confrontation.
According to founder and CEO of Bartleby.com, Steven van Leeuwen, the Bartleby Project offers, “the most comprehensive public reference library ever published on the web” (Bartleby.com, 2000, para. 4). The Bartleby Project—the name of which comes from Melville’s classic short story Bartleby, the Scrivener—began as a personal research experiment at Columbia University in which van Leeuwen sought to combine his information systems knowledge with his love of books to create accessible, searchable electronic versions of classic literature and reference works. The first book published on the site was Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass in 1994. Following this success, van Leeuwen continued to develop the project privately, becoming Bartleby.com in 1997 and continuing to expand into the impressive collection of classic and modern reference and works of literature that it is today (Hane, 2000).
In Herman Melville's short story, Bartleby, the Scrivener, the narrator's attitude towards Bartleby is constantly changing, the narrator's attitude is conveyed through the author's use of literary elements such as; diction-descriptive and comical, point of view-first person, and tone-confusion and sadness.
The lawyer, also the narrator, hires Bartleby to work as a scrivener at his business that involves bonds, mortgages and titles. The lawyer thinks he has all of his scriveners behaviors “on lock”. Although Bartleby started as a hard working employee, he eventually and in a calm manner refuses to do any requested work by the lawyer by simply saying, “I would prefer not to”. The lawyer doesn’t fire Bartleby after he declines to work, instead he gives Bartleby another chance. The lawyer preference to remain calm shows that he chooses to stray from confrontation. Bartleby continuous refusal to work leads to him being fired, but he refuses to leave. The lawyer’s philosophy and careful balancing of his employees is compromised by Bartleby actions. The lawyer moves his entire practice to another building to only find Bartleby there. Bartleby is arrested and continues in his bizarre daze. The lawyer visits Bartleby to convince him to eat and get through to him, but it doesn’t work and Bartleby dies. The lawyer sensitivity and empathy towards Bartleby raises questions to the lawyers sincerity. Ultimately, my goal is to demonstrate what was the lawyer’s intent to help Bartleby?
To begin, the focus will be set on the issues posed by the story of Bartleby. The audience may wonder why Bartleby goes from the employee who does his work without being problematic, to one who repetitively
Although not as outwardly demanding as the chief clerk, the lawyer attempts to have Bartleby obey his orders and gets frustrated when Bartleby replies with “I would prefer not to”. The chief clerk even resorts to physical violence in a fit of rage to get Bartleby to cooperate “when this old Adam of resentment rose in me and … I grappled him and threw him”. The lawyer uses ”old Adam” to mean the “sinful character of human nature” in reference to his aggression towards Bartleby (OED). One rebuttal to my argument of the lawyer representing the bourgeoisie would be that the lawyer comes off as a kind-hearted individual who rarely shows signs of aggression or anger towards Bartleby. This is true, however, the lawyer’s appearance is from his own recollection of the story as it is narrated in first person. It is quite possible that the lawyer is an unreliable narrator, as any person narrating a story with himself in it is bound to embellish their kindness and limit their recollection of their downfalls. Gregor’s story is narrated by an omniscient third person narrator, who tells an unbiased and truthful
"I prefer not to," "I prefer not to," tells the reader about Bartleby isolating himself. The phrase shows his lack of involvement, another form of isolation. The narrator tells the reader exactly what he did to Bartleby, very vividly, as shown below. In the novella, the author tells the reader, down to the smallest detail, what he did to Bartleby to isolate him from the world. He tells us in this passage, "I placed his desk close up to a small side window in that part of the room, a window which originally had afforded a lateral view of certain grimy backyards, and bricks, but which, owning to insubsequent erections, commanded at present, no view at all, though it gave some light. Within three feet of the panes was a wall, and the light came down from far above between two lofty buildings, as from a very small opening in a dome. Still further to satisfactory arrangement, I procured a green folding screen, which might entirely isolate Bartleby from my sight, though, not remove him from my voice." The quotation describes how the narrator secludes Bartleby from society. Even his window, usually a form of escape, results in Bartleby being trapped behind another wall, thus reinforcing his total isolation. The irony lies in the fact that the narrator, while trying to isolate Bartleby, becomes affected by it, so much so that he appears almost human. Instead of dismissing him on the spot for refusing to copy, proofread or leave the premises, he tries to find other employment for him, and even considers inviting him to live in his residence as his guest. The narrator develops before our eyes into a caring person, very different from the cold, unsympathetic person at the beginning of the story. "To befriend Bartleby, to humor him in his strange willfulness, will cost me little or nothing, while I lay up in my soul what will eventually prove a sweet morsel for my conscience." The narrator would normally befriend Bartleby or any other "sucker," but Bartleby has given him a conscience. The narrator has realized that a common blemish in a person does not determine the person. In the beginning of the novella, the narrator only cared about his work, but now he realizes that people have a life outside of work, except Bartleby.
We as human beings assume we have our lives under control and we can exert some power over the situations in our lives. The Lawyer believed in a natural assumption of having the power and control over what he considered a lower less sophisticated class of humanity hence his employees in this story. Bartleby created a situation for the Lawyer he has never experienced before. The Lawyer learns in the end after Bartleby’s death that his rules of society may not be right for all of humanity.
His efforts though are fruitless because he was not able to get to Bartleby and never truly understood him, even in prison as the man eventually dies of starvation. Although after his death the lawyer does learn of Bartleby’s previous and listless job at a ‘Dead Letter Office’ which made the lawyer sympathize for him and wonder if that job is what made Bartleby so distant. Bartleby was a loner who distanced himself from everyone, even in death, he was aloof and never interacted with anyone which is not considered normal human behavior because humans are supposed to be social. This story went a little deeper and gave the idea of humanity as a whole being apathetic towards each other, because only the lawyer showed any sort of humane concern for Bartleby while the others cared less. Bartleby himself displayed apathetic behavior as he showed little to no care for how his behavior affected others or even himself. Outside in the world, many people who are stressed out and constantly working tend to only focus on themselves and have little to no care for other people most of the time. It’s another negative view on humanity, but at the same time it’s not that wrong, as society made by humans also makes others so busy and stuck in tedious schedules that they gradually become more jaded and some even become distant and
Davis, “The Narrator’s Dilemma in ‘Bartleby the Scrivener’: The Excellently Illustrated Re-statement of a Problem” he provides evidence of the capitalism being present in the characters along with the story line. One of the first issues that Davis explains as an issue of concern that starts from the very beginning of “Bartleby the Scrivener” which is how the narrator, the lawyer, “worries more about the usefulness and productivity of his scriveners than their individual characters.” As explained in the previous paragraph the lawyer introduces all of his employees and what he sees from them at the beginning of the story. The lawyer is more focuses on what he employees do for him not who they are as individuals. This is the first down fall of capitalism that is found in the story. The next important event of the story line is when Bartleby makes his famous response of “I would prefer not to.” As Davis explains Bartleby is the enigma of story since he is refusing to do work. “Bartleby is a man confronted with ‘what he feels to be the meaninglessness of the universe’; ‘there is no possibility of meaningful action, Bartleby seems to say, and it is certain that man cannot successfully will anything.’” Bartleby becomes aware of the meaningless of his job as a scrivener, just copying meaningless information endlessly. A unique feature of capitalism is that the value of an individual is set on their output for a job. This makes Bartleby’s value very
What a wonderful time to discuss food eating habits and nutrition while the American people, or at least a fairly decent percentage of them, fight against Monsanto and GMO labeling on their food. This story, “Bartleby, The Scrivener”, to me, describes an elderly man looking over his life and coming to the realization of something that many people fail to comprehend until the damage of their choices have already taken their toll, he came to the realization of his health. I believe that the narrator of the story, like many of Americans once they reach a certain age, take health and nutrition into account after years of carelessness concerning the longevity of a fully functioning, self healing, and properly fueled body.