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Albert bandura social learning theory essay
Television violence and its effects on children
Television violence and its effects on children
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Famous psychologist Albert Bandura originated the social learning theory of aggression. The theory explains how people learn through observing others; those observations can come from other people’s behavior, and or attitude. Bandura states that behavior is learned by observation of modeling. Modeling is a method used in different techniques where a behavior is displayed by a role model to a learner or observer who then learns the behavior. Bandura was very interested in seeing if this theory was true. He wanted to test whether people really did learn by observation, imitating or modeling. According to McLeod (2014), this is when he ran the Bobo Doll Experiment at Stanford University. Bandura found that Children who observed the aggressive …show more content…
In the Bobo doll experiment bandura used three basic models, the first basic model was a live model, which involved someone demonstrating a behavior. The second model was verbal instruction, basically explaining to the participant what behavior you want them to display. Finally the third model being symbolic modeling, which involved books, films, TV, or online media displaying the specific behavior. The second concept used in the social learning theory was, intrinsic reinforcement. Bandura described intrinsic reinforcement as, pride, satisfaction, and a sense of accomplishment: those that go along with internal thoughts and cognitions. The social learning theory is usually associated with behavioral theories but Bandura associated it with cognitive development …show more content…
For example, TV shows, movies, video games, music, commercials etc. For me I have a few experiences with each, I’m a Resident Assistant and being in charge of fifty plus students can get overwhelming. Try handling your own personal problems and those of other people. Some people handle emotions differently but I mainly witness aggressive behavior. “Aggression is behavior intended to harm another individual who is motivated to avoid that harm. It is not an affect, emotion, or aggressive thought, plan, or wish.” (Psychology Anderson). For example, one of my former residents said he wanted to join the military because he thought it would be just like the video game Call of Duty. I tried to explain to him that joining the military was no joke and that it should be something that gets a lot of thought put into. He said he would be fine since he is so good at the game. This is a clear representation of the social learn theory of aggression. This person was willing to put their life at risk because he thought killing people in the military like in the video game would be so much
One example of the “Social Learning Theory” is the Bobo doll experiment conducted by Albert Bandura in 1961. In this experiment children were either exposed to an adult exhibiting aggressive behavior or non-aggressive behavior towards the doll. When it came time for the children to interact with the doll, the children who were exposed to aggressive behavior were more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior (Nolen, n.d.).
Social learning theory was first developed by Robert L. Burgess and Ronald L Akers in 1966 (Social Learning theory, 2016). In 1973, Akers wrote a book entitled Deviant Behaviour: A Social Learning Approach, which discussed Aker’s conception of the social learning theory. He developed social learning theory by extending Sutherland’s theory of differential association (Cochran & Sellers, 2017). Social learning theory is based on the principles of Pavlov’s operant and classical conditioning. Akers believes that crime is like any other social behavior because it is learned through social interaction (Social Learning theory, 2016). Social learning theory states that the probability of an individual committing a crime or engaging in criminal behaviour is increased when they differentially associate with others who commit criminal behavior (Cochran & Sellers, 2017). Social learning theory is classified as a general theory of crime, and has been used to explain many types of criminal behaviour (Social Learning theory, 2016). Furthermore, social learning theory is one of the most tested contemporary theories of crime. There are four fundamental components of social learning theory; differential association, definitions, differential reinforcement and imitation (Social Learning theory,
Bandura’s theory uses the social- learning approach. This approach would explain that Antwone was a product of what he saw. This showed in the behaviors that he displayed. This approach derives from the behaviorist approach (Schultz & Schultz, 2013). Bandura would believe that one learns by observing what is taking place in his or her environment and the people that are around the individual (Schultz & Schultz, 2013). Modeling was very important to Bandura (Schultz & Schultz, 2013).
In 1977, Psychologist Albert Bandura adopted the Social Learning Theory making it an influential and important theory. Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning capabilities. Bandura argued that individuals could learn new information and behavior by watching other individuals and the type of leanings can be explained by a wide variety of behaviors. This theory acknowledges that just because something has been learned, it does not mean that it will result in a change in behavior. However, the influence from others can cause a change in
The Bobo doll research was to observe children and their reactions of observing a video. In this experiment children were to watch a film in which a female had shown aggression to this Bobo doll during the video, after this film ended the same exact doll was placed in the same room with the children. The children seen the Bobo doll and displayed the same behavior as in the film was shown. The results have shown that the children in this group that the male children have showed more aggressiveness then females did, but in both gender showed signs of different levels of aggression. The Bobo doll was removed from the room and the children became nonviolent or nonaggressive. I agree with this experiment because I believe to be true children do mimic what they see and hear from their surroundings. Bandura pointed out that child when born do not have a behavior but understand the concept of emotions can cause a person to response to the emotion, such as an infant being born, the infant then would display a cry due to hunger or discomfort and the parents would then respond to the
Examining the criticism of Bandura 's Bobo Doll Experiment, bias and ethics cause interference with the positivists scientific ideology. Hart & Kritsonis (2006) noted experimenter bias in several areas of the study. Selection bias; Bandura 's subjects were all from upper-middle class backgrounds. As well as, an unclear history of subjects; as ethnicity was never documented, yet claims were made based on their findings about lower socioeconomic communities. Moreover, according to Wortman, Loftus & Weaver (1998), Bandura 's experiment was unethical, as the children were manipulated and taunted - agitation was incited, thus they were trained to behave aggressively, possibly, leading to long-term
... the current century that children learn from what they see and repeat the behaviors and words that they observe those in their environment doing, Bandura was the first to show that learning occurred even if imitation did not occur and that learning was not dependent on reinforcement like many earlier theorists, such as Miller and Dollard, believed (Olson, & Hergenhahn). He was the first to study observational learning and place importance on its implications as some theoritsts, such as Thorndike, Watson, and Piaget, completely ignored or disregarded observational learning (Olson, & Hergenhahn).
In his theory, Bandura assumes that people learn from one another, via observation, and imitation and modeling. There are the main concepts of this theory, including reciprocal determinism, observational learning and modeling.
McLeod, S (2011) Bandura - Social Learning Theory Available at: http://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html (Accessed: 15 November 2013)
Bandura did an experiment with an aim to show that imitative learning could take place despite the absence of reinforcement and award. In one experiment he used a film showing an inflatable doll being jumped, kicked and sat upon. The nursery children who watched the film displayed much more imitative aggression than those who had not seen it. It was also seen that the children who had seen the film were still imitating the aggressive responses when re-observed six months later.
Bandura was a psychologist who developed the social learning theory and the idea that children learn through conditioning & observing behaviours from role models around them and copying such behaviours. This was demonstrated through the Bobo Doll experiment where there was groups of children who had different role models and different behaviours shown towards the doll; the children were then put in a room with the same doll and their behaviours were mainly those which they had seen from the role model they had witnessed.
Akers and Sellers (2013) has stated that social learning theory is an expanded theory of differential association processes and improves it with differential reinforcement and other principles of the behavior theory. They added classical conditioning (the sharpening of involuntary reflex behavior); discriminative stimuli (internal stimuli that lead to signals for behavior); schedules of reinforcement (rewards and punishment ratio following behavioral feedback); and other theories of behavior (Akers & Sellers, 2013).
Behavior and social learning are two theories that are inherently intertwined. Behavior to some extent is taught for social reasons, and social learning can very much shape and create behaviors. While behavior is something intentionally taught, social learning can teach and reinforce many unintentional behaviors, such as dishonesty or aggression. In order to adequately discuss these two interrelated topics, theory exploration is in order.
Bandura discusses the importance of observational learning. Bandura focuses mostly on how kids develop their habits based of their role models. Bandura shows this in the Bobo Doll Experiment. The Bobo Doll experiment consisted of 36 boys and 36 girls. They were then separated again into watching a video of a plastic doll called Bobo. Some children were separated by some adults aggressively beating up Bobo and the other half were calm adults. After they were showed the video, the kids were then shown to Bobo and the results matched the Social Learning Theory to the max. The kids that were show the aggressive videos were aggressive towards Bobo. Another Social Learning Theory can be told in my shoes because I have done something similar. I remember in fifth grade my older cousin would always ride his bike down the biggest hill without a helmet. I figured if he did and was okay, why can’t I? I learned the hard way and sliced my arm on a rock. Luckily I did not need stitches however, I did go to the doctors and got ointment for it. I still have the scar today. I feel like the Social Learning Theory has made an impact on my life because I have had the opportunity of having a role model. This role model has made a positive change to my life. Similar to Bobo, I have seen what negative role models have done for a person and how much it affects
Bandura based his conducted theory on modeling behavior and observational learning. His theory also emphasizes conscious cognitive processes and learning and including the importance of beliefs about the self, self-regulation and goal setting. Bandura 's theory of personality is a child 's personality is highly dependent on their social environment as well as their level of self-regulation and self-efficacy. This theory applies too all of the factors in the social cognitive theory as well as the concept of reciprocal determination. Reciprocal determination refers to the collective and continuous interactions that occur between the human behavior, human mind, and environmental factors. Just like when Bandura performed an experiment on a group of toddlers with the Bobo doll and after the conclusions he analyzed humans do learn through observing behaviors, others actions and even the outcome of what behavior they act upon. Essentially what he believes is that humans behavior is effected by and affects the world and environment around